设计方法会在很大程度上影响一个设计的创意，合理的设计方法往往.doc

Design methods have a large impact on creative design. Suitable design methodology can inspire designers creativity. For example, it is essential for defining and presenting the design problems correctly. In addition, adopting proper strategies are a good start to tackling the problems. Furthermore, effective representation and construction of conceptual design such as function-behaviour structure (FBS) method etc. gives designers twice the result with half the effort. Another factor affecting creativity in product creative design is information technology (IT) and computer supporting tools. With the advent of computer and internet technology, a designer can improve his/her creativity by using knowledge-base technology, information searching technology, artificial intelligence technology and CAD technology etc. Researches in cognitive science, computer science, and design theory and methodology provide a substantial foundation for development of human-based, computer assisted creative design methods.According to the above analysis, creativity model for product innovation can be qualitatively expressed as:DC=f(K,I,TS,DM,ST,U) where, DC is design creativity in product innovation, K is knowledge, I is information, TS is thinking styles, DM is design methods and ST is computer supporting tools, U is uncontrolled and unchanged factor in a short time,-could be uncertainties, such as environment and culture. Therefore, U will not be taken as a key point in this research. However, uncertainty research could form an important component of creative design methodology. Further, ST can be expressed as: ST=KB,IR,CAT;where, KB is knowledge base, IR is information resource and CAT is computer aided thinking. Comparing the model of creativity for product innovation with Sternbergs theory, though intelligence, individual personality, motivation, and some other factors are weakened, factors such as design methodology, information technology and its supporting tools are included. Figure 3 shows a creativity model for product innovation. Incorporating every key attributes into creative design is the basis of enhancing creativity for product innovation.3 Creative thinking methods in creative design Creative thinking is the most important attribute of the creativity model. Efficiently combining creative thinking with knowledge and information can improve a designers creativity by a significant amount. There are two kinds of research approaches to creative thinking in creative design. One is based on cognitive psychology and another is “inventive problem solving” based on engineering technology evolution principles and formulae. The first approach based on cognitive psychology takes individuals as the research object, which focuses on thinking styles. This approach emphasises “thinking out of the box” and “breakthrough thinking”, such as Osborns Brainstorming 7 and de Bonos lateral thinking 8. They push individuals to think from different perspectives, to overcome their psychological inertia, to search possible solutions divergently and to generate as many new ideas as possible, using illogical means. These methods have been used in various areas. However, they focus on general creativity and when they are applied to technology systems and product design, are unsystematic and inefficient. Substantial research into creativity and creative problem solving outside the engineering community has not found its way into engineering design literature 9. However, some effort is being made to bring creativity to engineering design 1013, and some knowledge-based design systems are available, such as ICAD of Knowledge Technologies International, Ltd. 19. However, ICAD mainly automates routine operations, freeing up engineers to develop new product designs.Fig. 3 Design creativity model设计方法会在很大程度上影响一个设计的创意，合理的设计方法往往能够激发出设计者的创造性。在设计过程中，正确的定义和展示设计并且能够采取合适的方法解决设计问题的能力至关重要。比如，像基于功能-行为-结构这样的行之有效的设计理念往往能让设计者们事半功倍。信息技术和计算机辅助工具也是影响产品创意的另一个因素。随着计算机和因特网技术的进步，设计者们可以通过数据库，信息检索，人工智能以及计算机辅助技术等一系列手段来提升设计的创造性。现代科学于认知科学，计算机科学，以及设计理论和方法等领域的研究，为基于人性化的计算机辅助设计方法的发展提供了坚实的基础。根据以上的分析，产品革新的创意模型可以定性的表示为： DC=f(K,I,TS,DM,ST,U) 其中，DC表示产品革新的设计创意，K表示知识，I表示信息，TS表示思考方式，DM表示设计方法，ST表示计算机辅助工具，U表示短期内不可变或不可控制之因素，比如说环境和文化。因此，它不作为关键因素加以考虑。而不久的将来，不定性研究也可能成为创新设计方法的一个重要的组成部分。 另外，ST可以进一步的表示为：ST=KB,IR,CAT其中，KB表示知识库，IR表示信息资源，CAT表示计算机辅助思维。 和Sternberg理论下用于产品革新的创意模型相比较，尽管像智力，个体特性，动机，以及一些其他因素的影响相对减弱，但是诸如设计方法，信息技术及其支持工具等因素却依旧包含在内。图3表示了一个产品变革的创意模型，提高其创造性的关键在于将每一个关键因素都结合到设计中去。 创意设计中的创造性思维方法 创造性思维是创意模型当中一个最重要的属性。 有效的将创造性思维与知识信息结合到一起能够很大程度上提高设计者的创造力。设计领域中有两种方法来研究创造性思维，一种是基于认知心理学，另一种是基于工程技术上的原理和公式来解决问题。 基于认知心理学的研究方法以个体为研究对象，主要着重于思维方式的研究。这种方法强调“跳出盒子思考”和“突破性