毕业论文-自动亮度控制台灯设计.doc

酒 泉 职 业 技 术 学 院毕业设计（论 文）2012级机电一体化专业题 目： 自动调光台灯的设计 毕业时间： 二O一五年六月 学生姓名： 指导教师： 班 级： 12机电1班 2014 年 6月30日 目 录一、 课题研究背景2二、 基本原理简述2三、 设计总体方案拟定8四、 传感器的结构设计及计算8五、 测控电路设计与计算9六、 精度误差分析 11七、 抗干扰措施 111. 参考文献 12八、 附录 13自动亮度控制台灯摘要：本课程设计的是一种供夜间阅读和书写有的光控制台灯，使周围书写区域内的照度免受电源电压、环境光变化的影响，使台灯周围的光线保持在人眼适宜的范围内，具有自亮度控制的功能。从而实现台灯的光线可以随着台灯周围的光线的变化而自动的调节自身为管的光量。当环境照度弱时，它发光亮度大；环境照度强时，它发光亮度就暗，从而起到节能和护眼睛的作用。它涉及一种自动调节光照亮度的照明灯具。它包括一个带有光敏传感器的台灯，所述的台灯由电源插头、开关、灯泡和聚光灯罩构成，使用220伏交流电供电。在所述的台灯底座的上面设置一个光敏传感器，内有光敏电阻，它可以随桌面上亮度的变化而调节内部电流的变化，从而调整台灯亮度的变化，使桌面始终保持适宜的亮度。而当台灯周围的环境亮度超过一定的限度时，台灯会自动关闭；当环境亮度低于某一限度时，可以自动打开。本实用新型主要用于照明，亮度自动调节，保护视力。关键词:自动调光 ；光敏电阻；光传感器 一、课题研究背景社会在不断进步，人类在不断追求，市场在不断变化，高科技应用含量决定着产品发展的新趋势和前景，随着人们生活水平的提高日益走向平民化，我们的生活也随着家用用电器的发展越来越方便、舒适。随着家用电器的发展，作为家用电器当中的小台灯也要顺应科技的发展步伐走向智能化。虽然按键式的台灯还是台灯市场的主体，但是，随着现代电子技术的发展和人们的需求变化，传统的台灯已经感受到产品更新换代的威胁。与其他的智能化家用电器一样，智能化台灯有许多普通按键台灯所无法比及的优势，智能化台灯可以更节省电能，有利于环保，同时，智能台灯在黑暗的时候自动开关灯的功能也让使用者使用起来更方便，省去黑暗摸灯的麻烦。智能型电器产品由于它们的巨大优势将渐渐进入人们的生活中。台灯不仅在功能上日趋向智能化，同时在外观上已逐步向组合化、装饰化、情趣化方向发展。组合化是随着人们生活节奏的加快，一些方便实用、新颖、美观的组合台灯正在市场上兴起，有闹钟与台灯组合的，有小型取暖器与台灯组合的，有微型电讯与台灯组合的，还有把笔架、文具盒、像片框与台灯组合的等等，使台灯更具有实用性。装饰化，装饰化台灯注重装饰效果，体现鲜明的艺术特色，使台灯成为一件具有实用性的艺术品。由于这些台灯不但具有现代工艺性，而且式样多变，工艺精湛，造型也别具匠心。质料上不再是单一塑料制品，还采用不锈钢、铜、玻璃等材料制成，风格各异。有乳白、橘黄、草绿、玫瑰红、湖绿等颜色，消费者可按房间装饰风格及家具风格来选购不同款式、质料的台灯，使台灯与室内布置形成一个完善的艺术整体。情趣化，情趣化台灯往往以小巧玲珑、想象丰富等特点而颇受青少年青睐。二、基本原理简述（一）光传感器检测光的传感器称为光传感器，通常是指将光信号转换为电信号的一种传感器。用光电传感器进行非电量的测量时，只需将非电量信号转化成为光信号即可。由于光传感器都具有结构简单、非接触性、可靠性高、反应快等优点，在军用及民用中极为广泛，因此，其种类繁多，常用的光传感器包括：光敏电阻、光敏二极管、光敏三极管、红外线传感器、光电耦合器件、电荷耦合器件、颜色传感器、光纤传感器、紫外线和放射线传感器等多种。图1 光电式传感器的组成光传感器的物理基础是光电效应。光电效应通常分为内光电效应、外光电效应和光生伏特效应。光敏电阻主要是根据敏感材料CdS、CdSe的内光电效应（光电导效应：高电阻率半导体受光照吸收光子能量后，产生电阻率降低而易于导电的现象）制成的。是一种物质半导体充电器件，它具有灵敏度高、光谱响应范围宽、体积小、重量轻、机械强度高，耐冲击、耐振动、抗过载能力强和寿命长等特点。内光电效应的物理过程是：光照射到半导体材料上，材料中处于价带的电子吸收光子能量，越过禁带跃入导带，从而形成自由电子，与此同时价带也会相应地形成自由空穴，即激发出电子空穴对，从而使导电性能增强，光线越强，阻值越低。如图2所示，为了使电子能从键合状态过渡到自由状态，即实现能级的跃迁，入射光的能量必须大于光电材料的禁带宽度Eg，亦即入射光的频率应高于由Eg决定的红限频率。式中，h为普朗克常数,、分别为入射光的频率和波长。图2 半导体能带图及内光电效应图3 光敏电阻工作原理图图4 光敏电阻结构图光敏电阻的基本特性包括伏安特性、光照特性、光电灵敏度、光谱特性、频率特性和温度特性等。伏安特性：一定光照下，加在光敏电阻两端的电压和光电流之间的关系曲线。光照特性：在一定外加电压下，光敏电阻的光电流I与光通量之间的关系特性曲线。图5 光敏电阻的伏安特性 图6 光敏电阻的光照特性 光电灵敏度：单位光通量入射时能输出的光电流的大小，即。光照不同，灵敏度也发生变化。光照增大，灵敏度下降。最大灵敏度是在光敏电阻上加以最大电压时，光电流Im与光通量之比值。相对灵敏度是指在单位外加电压下，入射单位光通量时对应的光电流输出，即K=r/V=I/(V) .光谱特性:光敏电阻对于不同波长的光，其灵敏度不同。图7 光敏电阻的光谱特性 .频率特性：光敏电阻具有延时特性，当光敏电阻受到脉冲光照射时，光电流要经过一段时间才能达到稳定值，而在停止光照后，光电流也不会马上为零。不同材料的延时特性不同，它们的频率特性也不同。图1.8为相对灵敏度与光强变化频率之间的关系曲线。图8 光敏电阻的频率特性 .光谱温度特性：随着温度变化，光敏电阻的暗电阻和亮电阻都会发生变化，光敏电阻受温度影响大，光谱特性也受到影响。三单向可控硅的定义可控硅(SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier)是可控硅整流器的简称。可控硅有单向、双向、可关断和光控几种类型它具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、寿命长、控制方便等优点，被广泛用于可控整流、调压、逆变以及无触点开关等各种自动控制和大功率的电能转换的场合。单向可控硅是一种可控整流电子元件，能在外部控制信号作用下由关断变为导通，但一旦导通，外部信号就无法使其关断，只能靠去除负载或降低其两端电压使其关断。单向可控硅是由三个PN结PNPN组成的四层三端半导体器件与具有一个PN结的二极管相比，单向可控硅正向导通受控制极电流控制；与具有两个PN结的三极管相比，差别在于可控硅对控制极电流没有放大作用。单向可控硅是三个电极，有阴极（K）、阳极（A）、控制极（G）。双向可控硅等效于两只单项可控硅反向并联而成。即其中一只单向硅阳极与另一只阴极相边连，其引出端称T2极，其中一只单向硅阴极与另一只阳极相连，其引出端称T2极，剩下则为控制极（G）。（一）性能性能的差别：将旋钮拨至R1挡，对于1-6A单向可控硅，红笔接K极，黑笔同时接通G、A极，在保持黑笔不脱离A极状态下断开G极，指针应指示几十欧至一百欧，此时可控硅已被触发，且触发电压低（或触发电流小）。然后瞬时断开A极再接通，指针应退回位置，则表明可控硅良好。（二）光控开关1.首先可以确定光控开关不属于光电开关。2.光电开关是通过把光强度的变化转换成电信号的变化来实现控制的。它是利用被检测物体对红外光束（区分点）的遮光或反射，由同步回路选通而检测物体的有无，其物体不限于金属，对所有能反射光线的物体均可检测。光电开关在一般情况下，有三部分构成，它们分为：发送器、接收器和检测电路。根据检测方式的不同，红外线光电开关可分为： （1）漫反射式光电开关（2）镜反射式光电开关（3）对射式光电开关（4）槽式光电开关（5）光纤式光电开关（三）光控开关，它的“开”和“关”是靠可控硅的导通和阻断来实现的，而可控硅的导通和阻断又是受自然光（区分点）的亮度（或人为亮度）的大小所控制的。该装置适合作为街道、宿舍走廊或其它公共场所照明灯，起到日熄夜亮的控制作用，以节约用电。（四）光电开关应用的环境是影响其长期工作可靠性的重要条件。当光电开关工作于最大检测距离状态时，由于光学透镜会被环境中的污物粘住，甚至会被一些强酸性物质腐蚀，以至降低使用参数特性。但光控开关不受“检测距离”这一指标的影响。和台灯的耐久性,最后综合考虑台灯的加工难易等.抓住设计的核心与关键是权衡设计方案的必要条件. 简单开关电路对于开关电路，往往要求控制电路和开关电路之间要有很好的电隔离，这对于一般的电子开关来说是很难做到的，但采用光电耦合器就很容易实现了。下图（a）所示电路就是用光电耦合器组成的简单开关电路。在图中，当无脉冲信号输入时，三极管BG处于截止状态，发光二极管无电流流过不发光，则a、b两端电阻非常大，相当于开关“断开”。当输入端加有脉冲信号时，BG导通，发光二极管发光，则a、b两端电阻变得很小，相当于开关“接通”。故称无信号时开关不通，为常开状态。下图中（b）所示电路则为“带闭”状态，因为无信号输入时，虽BG截止，但发光二极管有电流通过而发光，使a、b两端处于导通状态，相当于开关“接通”。当有信号输入时，BG导通，由于BG的集电结压降在03V以下，远小于发光二极管的正向导通电压，所以发光二极管无电流流过不发光，则a、b两端电阻于开关“断开”，故称“常闭”式。可见，开关a、b端在电路中不受电位高低的限制，但在使用中应满足a端电为正，b端为负，并使U&ab3V为好，同时还应注意Uab应小于光电BVceoBVceo。四、自动光控台灯控制电路的综合设计（一）自动光控台灯控制电路的实体设计由底座：软管、灯罩、照明灯、手动亮度调节器、和亮度检测器、所构成的亮度自动控制台灯。其特征在于台灯里设有亮度自动控制装置、亮度控制选择器、磁性电源开关。（二）原件清单编号名称型号数量R1电阻30K 1/8W1R2电阻2K 1/8W1R3电阻100K 1/8W1R4可调电阻47K1RG光敏电阻MG451C涤纶电容器0.022uF 2VD1VD4整流二极管1A/400V1N氖泡200V1VS单向可控硅1A/400V1VT1三极管9012 1VT2场效应管BT331VD稳压二极管2CW71（三）自动台灯亮度控制电路光控自动调光台灯电路的原理是用台灯发光情况来调整自己的灯光亮度。开灯之初，灯光处于最暗的挡位，利用开灯后电灯发出的光线来自行调整电灯的亮度，形成一种正反馈的调节状态。随着电灯发光强度的增大，对电路的调整强度也在增大，直到灯光达到最高亮度为止。这一种自动调光台灯，它有一只光电探头放在书本附近，可使书本上的照度自动调到合适的数值，既可减少手动调光的麻烦，又可保护视力。同时，它具有稳光功能，当电源电压波动时，台灯亮度保持不变。如果要象普通调光台灯一样调光，只要改变探头和灯泡的距离即可，使用起来十分有效。这种自动调光电路既可以防止开灯时的强光对眼睛的剌激，又可以起到保护灯泡的作用。（四）工作原理电路如上图所示。交流电压经桥堆整流后，一路经R1由稳压管VD钳位后得9V的脉动直流电压供控制电路使用；另一路加到电灯H和可控硅VS两端。改变VS的导通角即可改变电灯H的亮度；H中通过的是脉动直流电流。控制电路使用脉动直流电源可保证输出的触发脉冲与可控硅VS的阳极电压同步。图中光敏电阻RG用作探头。VT1(9012)、R2、R3等组成误差放大器，VT1实质上起到一个可变电阻的作用。VT2(BT33)、C1等组成张弛振荡器，作为VS的触发电路。当探头处的照度发生变化时，如改变探头和灯泡的距离使探头处照度降低，则RG的阻值增大，VT1的基极电位降低，其集电极电流增加，从而使C2的充电时间缩短，使触发脉冲相位前移、VS导通角增大，灯的亮度增加；反之，当探头处照度增加时，会使灯的亮度减弱。可见若探头处的照度基本保持不变，就可实现自动调光的目的。同上分析，在探头位置不变的情况下，当电源电压发生波动时，也能使灯的亮度保持不变，起到稳光作用。C1、L组成噪音滤波电路，可抑制对其他电子设备的射频干扰。五、精度误差分析（一）温度影响光敏电阻的大部分参数都随温度变化，从而使传感器的灵敏度发生变化。各种光敏电阻的温度系数不同，而且光敏元件及壳体的几何尺寸在外界环境和光照状态下的热膨胀和热应力也会引起温度误差，因此，要正确选择材料和确定传感器的使用温度范围，适当的工作温度范围，才能保证温度误差的要求。（二）老化误差各种材料的特性随时间缓慢变化，也导致误差。六、设计的扩展性如果这个自动光控电路，我们把感光电路改成声音控的话，这样的话主可以得到一台声控台灯，由声音电子控制器，由拾声器、音频放大电路、开关电路、输出电路、执行电路等组成。其中开关电路由射极耦合触发电器、积分延时电路、单稳态电路三单元构成。本电子控制器能声控开灯，延时照明一分钟左右自动熄灭。如果要长时间照明使用，只要在开灯后把延时控制电位器调到最大值，本电子控制器并具有一定的抗干扰声性能。这种多功能视力保护台灯。该台灯由电源电路、调光电路、循环控制电路、光控报警电路、红外测控报警电路、低频闪光电路、语言提示电路、催眠和叫醒电路等组成，它能进行自动和手动调光；自动控制作息时间，弱光开灯，强光报警，能提醒纠正坐姿，还有缓解眼睛疲劳、催眠和叫醒、语言提示和视力检测等功能。该台灯功能齐全、电路设计合理、安全方便、效果理想，是其它各种保健台灯所不能相比的。参考文献1 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An Empirical Assessment,2000.4 6 冯民昌，北方交通大学,模拟集成电路系统(第2版)H。北京中国铁道出版社19987杨素行，模拟电子电路J,北京.中央广播电视大学出版社.19948 杨素行，清华大学电子学教研室组编,模拟电子技术简明教程(第二版)M,北京,高等教育出版社,19989 童诗白，清华大学电子学教研组编,模拟电子技术基础(第二版)J。北京高等教育出版社,198810 童诗白，清华大学电子学教研组编,模拟电子技术基础(上下册)J。北京人民教育出版社,1983致 谢毕业论文暂告收尾，这也意味着我在酒泉职业技术学院大学的三年的学习生活既将结束。回首既往，自己一生最宝贵的时光能于这样的校园之中，能在才华横溢的老师们的熏陶下度过，实是荣幸之极。在这三年的时间里，我在学习上和思想上都受益非浅。这除了自身努力外，与各位老师、同学和朋友的关心、支持和鼓励是分不开的本次毕业论文是在我的指导老师朱良学老师的亲切关怀和悉心指导下完成的。他严肃的科学态度，严谨的治学精神，精益求精的工作作风，深深地感染和激励着我。从课题的选择到项目的最终完成，朱老师都始终给予我细心的指导和不懈的支持。在此谨向朱老师致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意。在此，我还要感谢在一起愉快的度过大学生活的五十多名同学正是由于你们的帮助和支持，我才能克服一个一个的困难和疑惑，直至本文的顺利完成。 时间的仓促及自身专业水平的不足，整篇论文肯定存在尚未发现的缺点和错误。恳请阅读此篇论文的姜海老师多予指正，不胜感激！附录1：附录一题目1整体电路原理图 自动调光台灯电路见图5-1，当功能开关S拨向位置2时，它是一个普通调光台灯。RP、C和氖泡HD组成张弛振荡器，用来产生脉冲，触发可控硅VS。一般氖泡辉光导通电压为6080V，当C充电到辉光电压时，VS即被触发导通。调节RP能改变C充电速率，从而能改变VS导通角，达到调光目的。R2、R3构成分压器，通过VD5也向C充电，改变R3、R2分压也能改变VS的导通角，使灯的亮度发生变化。图5-1整体电路原理图当S拨向位置1时(即图示位置)，光敏电阻RG取代R3位置，当周围光线较弱时，RG呈现高电阻，VD5右端电位升高，电容C充电速率加快，振荡频率变高，VS导通角增大，电灯两端电压变高，亮度增大。当周围光线增强时，RG电阻变小，与上述相反，电灯两端电压变低，亮度减小。VS选用2N6565。2调试和使用将RP调到阻值为零位置，S置于位置2，用万用表测电灯两端交流电压应在200V以上，如低于200V可略减小R1或增大R3阻值，使之达到要求。光敏电阻RG应安装在台灯度座侧面台灯光线不能直接照射到的地方，用来感受周围环境照度。调光台灯的灯泡宜用40W白炽灯。调整好的电路即可投入使用，S拨向2，为普通调光台灯，调RP可选择适当的亮度；S拨向1，即为自动台灯，先调RP选择好适当亮度，如环境照度变暗时，台灯亮度会逐渐变亮，增大亮度。为你提供优秀的毕业论文参考资料，请您删除以下内容，O(_)O谢谢！A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest Chinas Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansus Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2015. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horse-drawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2014. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as Alma-Ata, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to complete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2016. Then they will come back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54-year-old was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in 1975.He says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldnt help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didnt have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isnt just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and todays performers of the troupe still tour the regions villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijings Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupes president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast Chinas Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has combined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the region. Haimu, a 25-year-old khoomei (a local variant of overtone singing) singer, joined the troupe three years ago. Along with a six-member band, he performs fast songs and soft ones that he writesall while playing the horse-head fiddle.Although I learned the piano since childhood and grew up listening to various kinds of music, to me, the folk music of Inner Mongolia is the root, he says. Performing in remote villages is pleasant. I feel at home on the boundless grasslands, and the warm people there make me feel fulfilled. The first round of spring auction season in Beijing ended last week, but it failed to create much spring in the art market. Although two pieces of Chinese painting fetched more than 100 million yuan, the decline in trading volume and sale rate showed a downturn this year. In the “Grand View: Chinese Painting Highlight” session at China Guardian 2015 spring auctions, Pan Tianshous representative work Eagle, Rock and Flora hit a record auction price of 279 million yuan, while Li Kerans masterwork Jinggang Mountain fetched 126.5 million yuan, an unexpected high in recent years. However, the trading volume fells to 1.87 billion yuan from 2.22 billion yuan in the same period the year before. The Huangchen 2015 Spring Auctions, which recorded 42.5 million yuan in total sales, experienced the same. The section number went down to 5 from 12 compared to last year. According to expert Shao Jianwu, the art market did not attract much excitement this year due to the booming stock market and the persistent problems of forgery and fake deals. The two pieces of Chinese painting notched up high price this spring due to their own value not due to a revival in the market. The successful transaction of two works with a hammer price of more than 100 million yuan once again confirms that valuable and rare works of high quality always earn the long-lasting high price. Chinese painting and calligraphy is still the pillar of the market. However, the overall sales rate has dropped slightly, which reflects the demand for the ordinary auction goods has weakened,” said the president of China Guardians Hu Yanyan. Besides, the entry of new buyers also makes certain changes to the direction of purchasing. In a word, the overall market trend is very unpredictable. Although China Guardian 2015 Spring Auctions has achieved remarkable results, it does not mean that the market has walked out of the predicament. We still have to wait for the big economic boom to invigorate the art market.” Even so, the hot pursuit of some special items appeared this spring. A special session of China Guardian Spring Auctions titled “Fine GiltBronze Buddhist Images” achieved a great deal with total sales volume of 41.89 million yuan and 92 percent sale rate. The 5th Shamar Rinpoche Statue from 16-17th century of Tibet was sold for 5.06 million yuan. The Beijing Chengxuan Auctions featured almost 2,800 items of coins and stamps in three sessions with good sale rate. The Huachen Auctions also set a special session of photographs under the condition of large-scale decline of auction sessions. There was a palpable dull thud of disappointment that accompanied the return of the imperial entourage of Zhen Huan to her homeland. It followed a couple years of hushed excitement as Chinese fans were fed tidbits about their proud concubine who was supposed to conquer the high ground of the North American market. Zhen Huan is, of course, the title character of The Legend of Zhen Huan, a 2011 television series that swept China off its feet and later took other Asian countries by storm. Two years ago, it was reported that HBO, a premium cable service headquartered in the United States, was going to air it in North America after some modification. Now, a condensed version that provides English subtitles but no dubbing has finally been made available on Netflix for online streaming. This version, highly anticipated as a milestone in Chinas cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90-minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytime-soap-style narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the full-length version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. Whats lost, I believe, are the interesting setups and pauses that illuminate the Chinese art of storytelling. Much of the plot is still there. It is the flavor that was sacrificed. The American edition uses the framework of the Empress Dowager in her senior years reminiscing at the beginning and the end of each episode, hinting at whats to come and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an uncomfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an English-speaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflections of names transliterated into lengthy Chinese. I see the choice of verbatim translation as an effort for conveying exotica. It is fairly competent, with no error that I could detect, but fails to rise above words or capture the essence of the language. A cultural product usually crosses over to a foreign territory first by an emphasis on the commonalities. But whether inside or outside China, the temptation to sell it for the differences is just too great. Sure, the sumptuous sets and costumes are a big attraction, but the narrative technique has becomehow shall I put it?a bit anglicized, which is necessary for cultural export. Judging by the responses, this legend, which, contrary to the claim of the English trailer, is totally fictitious, has departed from China but not yet landed on American shores. I am a big fan of Ralph Waldo Emersons essay titled Self-Reliance. If youve not yet read it, I strongly encourage you to do so. In this essay, the venerable Emerson talks about eschewing the trappings of society and finding ones own path. He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being