1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题.doc

1999年6月北京地区研究生英语学位课统考试题Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points) Section A (0.5 point each) 16. The latest manifestation of compromise was the Presidents state visit to China. A development B indication C impact D consequence 17. The only way out for the baffled students is to choose one point of view for reasons they cant fully explain. A bored B discouraged C perplexed D unbiased. 18. She was a formidable woman, determined to speak her mind and have her own way. A irrational B opinionated C ceremonious D awe-inspiring 19. The discourtesy of taxi-drivers in Beijing used to draw a cry of protest. A talkative B rudeness C diminution D lawlessness 20. The strong smell of cooking seemed to permeate the whole flat. A emit B immense C inhabit D pervade 21. A magnificent TV station was virtually destroyed in a NATOs air strike in Kosovo. A completely B hardly C visually D almost 22. Before the flames, tens of thousands of homeless people fled throughout the night. A ran away B gathered C turned up D disappeared. 23. In the past when they looked at each other like that they felt that their souls, as it were, put their arms round each other. A as usual B so to speak C for sure D on purpose 24. Delegates to the conference promised to set up a survey on Antarctica which, by virtue of its isolation, is one of the purest research environments from which to study the ozone hole. A with regard to B in accordance with C as a result of D in addition to 25. The Rachel Papers did not seem likely to appeal to a teenage readership, but the films poster favors a resoundingly youthful slant. A instruct B interest C resort to D persuade Section B (0.5 point each) 26. All visitors to this gallery are requested to _ with the regulations. A concede B assent C conform D comply 27. One of the problems the local authorities have to deal with is the _of plastic containers. A disposal B dispatch C discourse D dismay 28. The high _ of road accidents on the super highway is giving cause for serious concern. A coincidence B occurrence C circumstance D occasion 29. In the longer term, Chinese managers who perform well can expect to take their place in the international _ A hierarchy B ultimate C hostility D zenith 30. In some cases, it is difficult to find the exact _ of a particular word of one language in another, for example, the Chinese expression for the English word “cool”. A equality B correspondence C equivalent D compatibility 31. It is a great shame that many children in poverty-stricken areas are _ access to primary education. A deprived B refused C rejected D denied 32. The open-minded tend to view most issues from a liberal _ A perspective B prospect C perception D proposition 33. Governments of many countries appreciate the Chinese _ to hold renminbi steady despite the financial crisis. A commitment B compromise C complexion D compliment 34. The market was able to _ its experiences of the 1987 turmoil and many of the worst aspects were not repeated. A draw on B try on C drop on D bear on 35. Sometimes the imprudence _ some policy-makers results in heavy losses to the national interests. A in the place of B for the sake of C in view of D on the part of Part II. Close Test ( 10 minutes, 1 point each) It was an awesome moment of owners of electronic pagers last May, when 45 million of the units across North America suddenly flared and 36 . The blackout was caused not by 37 routine equipment failure but by a massive storm on the surface of the sun that shorted out an Earth-orbiting communications satellite. Such solar typhoons are not 38 , and the damage they do can be considerable. Last week NASA announced that 39 may now be possible to predict the storms and take action to limit their 40 . The most violent type of solar eruption is 41 a coronal mass ejection (CME), a vast bubble of gas that bursts from the sun and releases a wave of charged particles into space. Slamming into Earths atmosphere, CME 42 have been known to fry satellites, bathe airplanes with radiation and 43 entire cities. Recently, researchers studying satellite 44 of the sun have paid special attention to great, S-shaped twists of plasma called signoids 45 they now believe are an early 46 of CME formation. 47Find a signoid, and within a few days youll probably see an explosion. 48 it takes an additional four days for the solar tsunami to reach Earth, you can double todays early-warning time. That time can be well used. Satellite operators who know a CME 49 front is coming can shut their systems off to prevent short-circuiting. Earth-based power grids can be temporarily, -50 expensively- reconfigured to provide extra grounding. Astronauts planning a space walk can stay indoors until the danger passes. 36. A died B disappeared C erased D shut 37. A that B some C its D all 38. A common B uncommon C usually D unusually 39. A what B this C it D they 40. A threat B affluence C intention D impact 41. relevant to B compared to C known as D combined with 42. A discharges B discards C distinction D distribution 43. A spread out B black out C wipe out D knock out 44. A connections B communications C images D procedures 45. A that B these C those D whom 46. A step B moment C stage D period 47. A Finding B Find C Having found D To find 48. A Although B Unless C Since D No matter if 49. A failure B routine C research D storm 50. A if B not C while D so Part IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Passage One Post-holiday blood shortages are nothing new to hospitals. But last week, physician James Devitt at Miami Valley Hospital saw disaster looming. For the first time ever, he called surgeons at home and urged them to postpone all non-emergency surgeries requiring large amounts of blood. By the time he was done dialing. Devitt had persuaded surgeons to reschedule at least 14 operations. Not that he was pleased by the delays. “If we dont get some of these surgeries done soon,” Devitt says, “they could become emergencies.” Miami Valley, wasnt alone. Confronting a national blood shortage, physicians in Atlanta, Pittsburgh, New York, Baltimore, and Washington moved to postpone non-emergency surgeries. “Weve never seen cancellations of surgeries like this,” says Melissa Macmillan, spokesperson for Americas Blood Centers (ABC). “Its absolutely the last resort.” The blood shortage was so grim that about half of all U.S. blood banks carried less than a one-day supply. Normally, they stockpile three days worth. Suppliers need the extra red cells on hand for emergencies like car accidents-one trauma patient can quickly wipe out a hospitals entire blood supply. This months crippling blood drought is worse than usual because winter storms forced cancellations of blood drives in the Midwest, considered Americas “blood basket.” Blood providers like ABC and the Red Cross count on that region to supply the rest of the country during normal shortages. But last week, icy roads kept donors away from blood banks, while school and workplace closings forced blood-drive organizations to cancel events. Blood industry experts say the long-term outlook is ominous. Hospitals need more blood to treat an aging population, and donations arent keeping pace. Only 5% of those eligible donate, and even fewer people plan to give this year, according to a recent Harris Poll. The ranks of the most loyal donors, the World War II generation, are thinning. For the most part, baby boomers say they are too busy, and young people are apathetic. 51 The quotation of Devitts remarks in Paragraph One serves to _ A prove that he was not pleased by the delays. B explain that blood shortage is not rare. C analyze the characteristics of emergencies. D emphasize the necessity of blood transfusion 52. What is the subject of Paragraph Two ? A The inefficiency of most physicians. B The seriousness of the nationwide blood shortage. C The disappointment of the ABC spokesperson. D The significance of the cancellations of surgeries. 53. What can we learn from Paragraph Three ? A Blood price is higher because of the blood shortage. B One patient has used up a hospitals entire blood supply. C Red cells are usually more available than some other things. D Many suppliers are facing a marked shrinkage of blood stock. 54. What is said about the Midwest? A Blood drives forced school and workplace closings. B A severe draught hit the area this month. C It is the major area for blood donation. D Donors there were organized to drive to the rest of the country. 55. “Baby boomers” (in Paragraph 5) most probably refer to _ A the World War II generation B the middle-aged Americans. C the aging population D the most loyal donors 56. Which of the following best describes the tone of the author? A Ominous B Ironic C Apathetic D Worrisome Passage Two Americas most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as R-rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-min, essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers -with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more than a point. Its one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and content. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays. Of course, the machine cant “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If Im unique, I might not fall under the scoring instructions,” concedes Frederic McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. On the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: in pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two readers. “Its not intended to judge a persons creativity,” says Darrell Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “Its to give students a chance to construct a response instead of just pointing at a bubble.” That wont reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply cant be reduced to rigid adjective plus subject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimensions that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsma, professor of English education at Teachers College of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategies for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore,” and the computer just might think youre Dickens. 57. E-Rater is described as _ A the substitute for the GMAT. B Americans most relentless examiner. C a machine to grade bubble-filling papers. D a computer-grading system. 58. Until “this month”, the GMAT test takers had to _ A type their compositions straight into a computer. B have their writing graded by two human assessors . C finish two essays with a pen and paper in 30 minutes. D take pretrial tests on a six-point scale 59. In Paragraph 2 the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to _ A understand student essays B reporting scores. C recognizing a wrong bubble. D judging a persons creativity 60. Frederic McHale implies that if the test taker is unique, he would _ A get a top grade B get an average C be in advantage D be in disadvantage 61. When computers are used to grade essays, all of the following is true EXCEPT _ A nobody is rendered special kindness. B human readers are still needed. C the grading time is generally shortened. D more people would get lower scores. 62. It can be inferred that Professor Schaafsma agrees with _ A traditionalists B Darrell Laham C supporters of E-Rater D the Kaplan course designers 63. To cite one of the Kaplans tips in the closing sentence is to show that _ A transitional phrases should not be neglected. B “therefore” is often neglected as one of the useful expression. C E-Reader may favor the widely accepted style of writing. D Dickens is one of the greatest writers in the world. Passage Three : For a long time we have worked hard at isolating the individual family. This has increased the mobility of individuals; and by encouraging young families to break away from the older generation and the home community, we have been able to speed up the acceptance of change and the rapid spread of innovative behaviour. But at the same time we have burdened every small family with tremendous responsibilities once shared within three generations and among a large number of people-the nurturing of small children , the emergence of adolescents into adulthood, and care of the sick and disabled and the protection of the aged. What we have failed to realize is that even as we have separated the single family from the larger society, we have expected each couple to take on a range of obligations that traditionally have been shared within a family and a wider community. So all over the world there are millions of families left alone, as it were, each in its own box- parents faced with the specter of what may happen if either one gets sick, children fearful that their parents may end their quarrels with divorce, and empty-handed old people without any role in the life of the next generation. Then, having reduced little by little to almost nothing the relationship between families and the community, when families get into trouble because they cant accomplish the impossible , we turn their problems over to impersonal social agencies, which can act only in a fragmented way because they are limited to patchwork programs that often are too late to accomplish what is most needed. Individuals and families do get some kind of help, but what they learn and what those who work hard within the framework of social agencies convey, even as they try to help, is that families should be able to care for themselves. 64. According to the author, when younger families are isolated, _ A old people can easily accept the change. B people keep moving from place to place. C individuals can hardly become innovative. D economy develops at high speed. 65. What is said to be the major problem facing young couples? A They need to fulfill more obligations. B They are incapable of balancing the budget. C They have their children spoiled and over-indulged. D They get empty-handed after divorce. 66. We know from the second paragraph that _ A old people are less healthy than the younger generations. B divorce rate of the old people is lower than that of the young. C divorce is possible at a result of quarrels between the parents. D parents care more about the health of their children than their own. 67. It is implied by the author that _ A social agencies in America can be very helpful. B the help to American families from social agencies is limited. C the government should do more to improve patchwork programs. D the fragmentary nature of the American familys unique. Passage Four At present rates of demand, the world has enough oil in known and economically viable reserves to last for more than 40 years, enough gas for more than 60 years and enough coal for more than 230 years. Naturally, demand will increase; but so will reserves as companies explore more widely and costs fall. Since 1970 viable reserves of oil have almost doubled while those of gas have leapt three-fold. One distant day a difficult situation will come, but as it approaches fossil-fuel prices will rise, making alternative forms of energy, perhaps including nuclear power, competitive. That is no reason to spend on nuclear right now. An oil shocks is a more worrying prospect, despite todays low oil price and OPECs present inability to budge it upwards. However, even if an oil shock is a real danger, building nuclear reactors is not a good way to avert it. A higher oil price would have a relatively small effect on the supply of electricity- the only sort of energy that nuclear power can now provide. Just over a tenth of the worlds electricity is generated from oil, and the proportion has steadily fallen since 1970. Transport, by contrast, relies almost entirely upon oil, already swallowing half the worlds oil supply and likely to take an even larger chunk in the future. If the supply of oil were cut off tomorrow, billions of people would find themselves immobile. Relatively few would be without electricity. Besides, there are superior, non-nuclear, ways to prepare for a