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【答案】助考：598963993蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿衿蒈莂羇衿膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅芄薄羀羄莆蒇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒆蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袃肀肃虿蝿聿膅蒂蚅肈莇蚈蚀肇蒀薀罿肇腿莃袅肆节蕿螁肅莄莂蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁蒀莈螄膁膀蚄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀芇膇蚀蚆袄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁袇袁芃螇螃袀莆薀虿 【阅读练习】Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人).The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1. According to the report,_.A) many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _.A) sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB) sleep interferes with their sound judgementC) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _.A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC) do not know how to relax properlyD) are more unlikely to run into mental problems4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might _.A) appear disturbedB) become energeticC) feel dissatisfiedD) be extremely depressed5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patientsC) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest【答案及详解】答案：DCBAB贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。【阅读练习】Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop -the duration of the fixation -varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach whichtrains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.Q:1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except _ .A. ones familiarity with the textB. ones purpose in readingC. the length of a group of wordsD. lighting and tiredness2. The author may believe that reading _.A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mindD. demands more mind than eyes3 What does the author mean by saying “but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.B. The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.C. The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve an efficient reading.D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve ones ability to see words.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.5. The tune of the author in writing this article is _A criticalB neutralC prssimisticD optimistic【答案及详解】答案：CCCDA解题思路1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D3 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。4 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。5 A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。【阅读练习】As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadopt【答案及详解】1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门.计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有B)responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H)method。4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值.起来to give a total value得出总分值，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把.相加”，后者意为“把.结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D)added最符合文意。6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与.无关”。故选F)reference。8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的(工作价值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A)正确。9.选K)。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬.的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done易于评估的工作，通常用现金奖励办法;而.measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。【阅读练习】Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.AskillBpopularCgetDchangeEsimilarlyFprofessionalGcharacterHindividualityIinspireJdifferentlyKexpectLpracticalMrecallNloseOordinary【答案及详解】1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional“职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinary“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从more.than civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和civilian相对的，故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。3.选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更.”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词，只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯.从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。6.选N)。此处应填动词。.step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是.职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。7.选L)。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“.节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H)individuality正确。individuality强调与他人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填change，故D)正确。10.选E)。此处应填副词，修饰动词act。前面指出.look alike,they tend to.，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E)similarly与alike意思相近，故选E)。【阅读练习】After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had