大学英语四级翻译专项训练.ppt

大学英语四级翻译专项 训练 主讲人：缪爽 主要问题 n一、核心语法 虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词 n二、固定搭配和常规用法 虚拟语气 n一、“时态向前推移规律” 及其试用范围 从句谓语主句谓语 与现在事实相 反 were, didwould (should, could, might) +v. 与将来事实相 反 should do, were to +v. would (should, could, might) +v. 与过去事实相 反 had done would (should, could, might) +have done 例句 nI would certainly go if I had the time.(与现在事 实相反) nIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. (与将来事实相反) nShe would have come if we had invited her.( 与过去事实相反) 在错综时间句中 n谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析” nIf you hadnt watched television so late, you wouldnt be so sleepy now.(从去与过去时间相 反，主句与现在情况相反) nIf I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. (从句的动作与过去事实相反， 而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不 符 ) nIf they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现 在就不会来这里了。 nIf he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经 派他去北京了。 nIf she had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldnt have been caught in the rain. （ 2009，6月真题） nThe victim would have a chance to survive if he had been taken to hospital in time.(2006年 12月真题) 虚拟语气练习 n1.If I were you, I an umbrella. (take) n2.If I knew his telephone number, I you. (tell) n3. If I had gotten there earlier, I her. (meet) n4.If he should come here tomorrow, I to him. (talk) n5.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we skating. （not go） n6.If I had worked hard at school, I an engineer, too. (be) n7.If he were free today, we him to Beijing. (send) n8.If he knew her, he her. (greet) 虚拟语气练习题答案 n1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. n2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. n3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. n4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 虚拟语气练习题答案 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 虚拟语气练习题答案 n1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. n2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. n3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. n4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. n1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. n2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. n3. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. n4.If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. n5.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. n6.If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. n7.If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. n8.If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 特殊的固定搭配用法 n一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire. insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种 时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + do“ 。should可以省略。 nThe professor required that we (should) hand in our research reports by Wednesday.(2006 年6月真题) nI suggested he should adapt himself to his new conditions.(2006年1月真题) 定语从句 句子成分用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限 制性从句 代替人 代替物代替人或 物 主语 who whichthat 宾语 whom whichthat 定语 whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 关系副词 nWhere的用法 n在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。 nPotato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice. n有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。 nWhen的用法 n在定语从句中做时间状语， 指代时间。 nI shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm. nWhy的用法 n在定语从句中做原因状语。 nI have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting. nIs he the man who/that wants to see you? 他 就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主 语） nHe is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他 就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句 中作宾语） nThe book which/that is on the table is mine.（ 做主语） nThe book which/that you bought yesterday is good.(做宾语) nThe book whose cover is blue is mine.(做定语 ) 关系代词练习 nThe boy and the dog _ are in the picture are very lovely. nHe came back for the book _ he had forgotten. nOur chemistry teacher is a man _ can make his class lovely and interesting. nMr. White invited many friends to his party _ he respected much. nThis is the pencil _ point is broken. 关系代词练习答案 nThe boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(先行词既有人又有物，固用that) nHe came back for the book which he had forgotten.（which在定从中作宾语，代指主句中 的the book） nOur chemistry teacher is a man who/that can make his class lovely and interesting. nMr. White invited many friends to his party whom/that he respected much. (whom/that在定 从中做respected的宾语) nThis is the pencil whose point is broken.（ whose做point的定语） 关系副词练习 n1.Make marks in places _ you have questions. n2. I still remember the time _ we first met scores of years ago. n3. Tell me the reason _ you left me. n4. That is the day _ he went to college. n5. This is the place _ he used to live. 关系副词练习答案 n1.Make marks in places where you have questions. n2. I still remember the time when we first met scores of years ago. n3. Tell me the reason why you left me. n4. That is the day when he went to college. n5. This is the place where he used to live. nMedical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that/which they have no solutions to till now /to which they havent found answers so far.（2008年12月 真题） nThe prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field where (in which) we can cooperate.（ 2007年6月真题） nThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去 帮忙。（做定语） nA prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村 出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中 作主语） nThe package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要 散开了。(which / that在句中作宾语） 非谓语动词 n动词不定式 n动名词 动词不定式 nto +动词原型 n可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识” nJohn said that he had run in order to catch the bus. nHe hate to be misunderstood by others. nWere happy to have been working with you. nIts kind of you to say so. 动名词 n动词原形+ing (是名词) 时态主动态被动态 一般式doingbeing done 完成式having donehaving been done I am sure that he will come in time. =I am sure of his coming in time. He is proud that he i