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膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁蒇蚁螀肀虿羆膈肀荿蝿肄聿蒁羄羀肈薃螇袆肇蚅薀膅膆莅螆肁膅蒇薈羇膅薀螄袃膄荿薇衿膃蒂袂膈膂薄蚅肄膁蚆袀羀膀莆蚃袆艿蒈衿螂艿薁蚂肀芈芀袇肆芇蒃蚀羂芆薅羅袈芅蚇螈膇芄莇薁肃芃葿螆罿莃薁蕿袅莂芁螅螁莁莃薈腿莀薆螃肅荿蚈蚆羁莈莈袁袇莇蒀蚄膆莇薂袀肂蒆蚅蚂羈蒅莄袈袄肁 1. HOW CAN THE USE OF PRIVATE MOTOR VEHICLES REDUCED?IThe private motor vehicle has given people a freedom to travel freely, swiftly and comfortably in the world. 2 However, the car has also brought serious problems while improving peoples life.3They pollute the air and cause road congestion. 4 And many people are injured or killed in the road accidents every year. 5 Therefore, it is high time that the use of private motor vehicles was reduced.6There are mainly two ways to reduce the use of private cars. 7First, we should develop efficient public transport systems to help reduce dependence on private cars. 8 Many people prefer to drive their cars to work because they think cars are quicker and more convenient. 9 If the quality and availability of public transport could be improved and the fare is reasonable, surely quite a lot of people will turn to buses, trains or subways. Second, the government should try to encourage people to walk or ride a bicycle to travel short distances. 10 Meanwhile, cars need to be banned in some parts of the city to ensure the safety of the foot passengers.III believe with quick, safe and easy access to their destinations many people may turn to public transport and give up the idea of using their own cars.2. Your friend JohnSophia invited you to a dinner party on Saturday, May4. Unfortunately, you have already had an appointment with your tutor that evening. Write him/her a note expressing your regrets.April 30thDear John/Sophia,Thank you so much for inviting me to your dinner party on Saturday, May 4. Its been a long time we havent seen each other. Unfortunately, I wont be able to be there, because I have already had an appointment with my tutor to discuss my project that evening.Hopefully, well find another opportunity to get together soon.Your friend, Rose1. THE INTERNET WILL NOT ISOLATE US FROM ONE ANOTHERlThere is no denying that nowadays the Internet plays an important part in our daily life. More and more students are spending much time on it every day. 20ur teachers and parents worry that the Internet will isolate us from one another. 3 But I dont think so.When we have our computer linked to the net, a new world is opening up before us. 4I like the Internet because it is through cyber-interaction that I can keep in touch with my remote high school classmates and my parents easily and quickly. 5 Whats more, I can send lovely e-cards to them via email on some special days without spending a lot of money.6The Internet not only helps us keep old ties but also brings us new friends. It is very common to meet a stranger when we are online. But after some talks we can get to know each other gradually.7We can share interests and exchange views just like intimate friends.As stated above, the Internet can help us keep contact with our old friends and family members and make new friends as well. 8 Instead of isolating us from one another, it serves to shorten or eliminate the distance between us and brings friends closer. 2. You are late for an appointment with Professor Zhang. You also have books that due back at the library in a few hours. Write a note to you roommate Mike/Jane asking if he/she could return the books for you.May 10thDear Jane,I wonder whether you could do me a favor. Im late for my appointment with Professor Zhang, and need to go immediately. But I have two books that are due today, and I will not be able to get to the library before it closes. Could you spare me some time to return the books? The books and the library card are on my desk. Thank you in advance!Yu Chun1. FRIENDSHIPlFriends are indispensable in our daily life. 2When we feel happy, we can share the pleasure with them; when we fee gloomy, friends will comfort us; when we have some secrets, we just want to share them with friends; and when we have difficulties, friends are always ready to help us.3Life is a bouquet, friendship is flower. 4We cannot live without friendship just as we cannot survive without air or water. 5 Friendship gives us a feeling of security and warmth; friendship encourages us to go ahead when we encounter difficulty.6Building friendship takes time. True friendship requires equality and loyalty. 7It is an in-depth relationship combining trust, support, understanding, empathy and intimacy. True friendship should be able to stand all kinds of tests. 8Just as an old saying goes, "A friend in need is a friend indeed."9 In conclusion, we must treasure our friends and friendship. A good friend can be a goodcompanion in our lives. The more friends we have, the more help we can get from them and the more pleasure we can share with them. If we have true friends, we will feel happy in the world.2.Write to your friend David/Amy and invite him/her to your 20th birthday party at your home. You should tell him/her who are invited and something about party.Oct. 26thDear David,Im writing to invite you to join my 20th birthday party at my home at 6 pm on Sunday, October 29. I have invited many of my classmates, some of whom you have met before. There will be lots of entertainments and plenty of food and drink. You can be dressed casually.I do hope to see you at my birthday party.Affectionately, Liu Qiang1. SHOULD BAD LANGUAGE BE TAUGHT IN THE ENGLISH CLASS?(1)1 Teaching bad language may be considered to be "cool", 2but I strongly believe that this is not the son of teaching students need to learn in the classroom. 3 Using bad language in everyday life is already impolite, let alone inside the classroom!4Teaching young children "bad language" is most unsuitable for them and teachers should never encourage any students to use bad language. 5Although the curse words exist in American life and some of them are frequently used, such as in the movies and TV programs, the question is whether students should learn them on purpose. 6 Each language and culture consists of good aspects, which we should absorb, and some repulsive and offensive ones, which we should distinguish. When we learn our mother tongue in the first stage, 7 we are taught to be decent and polite rather than how to curse. So why should we learn purposefully to say dirty words just because they are in English? There arc plenty of good words students need to learn.(2)Bad language surrounds us in most of our daily routines films, TV programs and interaction between people. As students, we should be able to understand them. 1I personally think it is necessary to deal with bad language and discuss its appropriate use in the classroom.2Children have plenty of opportunities to find examples of "bad language", especially in films. If a student feels curious about it, the teacher should provide some information and help students understand it. 3 Second language learners acquire language from many other sources as well as from the classroom. Active learners will seek opportunities to try out new language. 4 However, non-native speakers cannot really know how offensive the swear words can be to native speakers. 5It is the teacher who should help pupils be aware of the fact that the use of swear words is usually considered as more inappropriate when used by foreigners.6 In addition, it is the teachers duty to ensure that students are able to understand-andreact-bad language used against them.7 Children are naturally curious about swear words. 8 I believe its better to just tell them what they mean. Students need to know and understand these phrases and expressions but never use them.2. Write to your friend David/Jane and tell him/her the reason that you have to at home for a few days.May 10thDear Jane,My family called to tell me that my mother is seriously ill. I must go home at once. It is very likely that I have to stay home for a few days to look after my dear mother. So I wont be able to attend the classes in the next few days. Could you please explain it to our teacher? Many thanks. Li Hong1.DO NATIVE SPEAKERS MAKE THE BEST TEACHERS IN TEACHING ENGLISH?(1)lThe result of the survey shows that more than half students disagree to some extent that native speakers make the best teachers in teaching English. 2 I strongly agree with them.3Students generally seek native teachers while learning English, but it does not necessarily mean they teach better. There are thousands of excellent non-native teachers who do a great job in teaching English.4 There is no denying that native speakers have a natural advantage in teaching cultural issues and conversation. However, Foreign Language Teaching needs much more skills than that. 5Since native speaker teachers have not gone through the process of learning English as a second or foreign language, they do not normally understand why learners have difficulties in understanding certain aspects of the language. 6A non-native teacher usually knows better how to deal with their students learning problems and thus can provide useful suggestions in learning.7 To sum up, I dont think that a native English speaker can be a better teacher just because he/she speaks English. 8Being a native speaker of the target language has its advantages. 9 However, this alone is not sufficient enough to make a good second/foreign language teacher.(2)lAlthough the survey shows that more than half students disagree to some extent that native speakers make the best teachers, I still believe that native speakers make the best teachers in teaching English.2A native speaker has more advantages in teaching his/her language than a non-native speaker. 3 Firstly, a native speaker can provide the learners better conversation practice, which is obviously significant for a language learner. 4 Learners are exposed to the right pron