高考英语任务型阅读专题(四).doc

2014高考英语任务型阅读专题（四）归纳题的解题技巧 任务型阅读主要涉及语篇的解读，如果我们能迅速找出文章的大意（main idea）和每一段的中心句（topic sentence），我们便能对文章有一个整体的把握。短文的结构往往也是很重要的命题线索，表格项目基本上是根据篇章结构设计的，同学们在阅读时要关注文章的脉络，段落之间的逻辑关系，作者的意图等信息。一般来说，左边一栏基本都是概括题型，有定义标题概括，建议，方法概括，结论概括。一 定义标题概括，此类题一般在图标的第一空，可以在文章第一段找出信息，都是对本文title 的一个定义解释1The definition iof advertising Advertising is the business of drawing public attention to goods and services，and performed through various media2TopicListening to understand3IntroductionDestructive forces of nature refer to natural disasters like tsunamis and earthquakes二 建议，方法等概括 1 suggestions/advice/tips Nod in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speakingRepeat some words that you have heardCollect information about the persons expressions and find his intentionGive a summary of what the person has saidConfirm that the person gains satisfaction from speaking his thoughts2 approaches to lifting up your moodSocialize and think in a positive way Apart from giving presents to yourself，buy others some giftsConcentrate on the present and future Spend your spare time doing ConsequencesWhen these terrible disasters occur in some parts of the world，they destroy properties and livesPeople in these parts go through the suffering that only exists in our imagination. Some people out there have to stay where they are. They cant afford to move away, as jobs in other places might not be available 3 结论概括 把握文章的中心思想，抓住作者的写作意图，最终得出一个结论ConclusionSunshine has both positive and negative effect on health and it determines the mood of people. Balance is needed in enjoying sunshine ConclusionChildren should be taught what life is and how to deal with it CommentYou may unlock the doors to difficult peoples minds after you listen and understandSummaryThese terrible disasters couldnt be avoidedPractice When difficult people express themselves orally，they generally want at least two things：theyve been heard and theyve been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener，five steps are advocated toward good listening. The first step is cooperating(合作). How does a difficult person know that youre listening and understanding? In fact，its through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement，making certain sounds of understanding. When the person begins to repeat whats been said，its a signal of step two：turning back. It means that you repeat some words he is using，sending a clear signal the youre listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important. Having heard what he has to say，the next step is clarifying. At this point，you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask same openended questions，which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy. The fourth step is to summarize(概括) what youve heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this，two things happen. First，if youve missed something，he can fill in the details(细节). Second，youve shown that youre making an effort to understand completely. This increases possibility of gaining cooperation from him. Having listened carefully，youve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that this thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood. Then enough sincere listening，questioning，and remembering are brought together，understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.(1)_Listen to understandReasonDifficult people hope they have been heard and (2)_when they express themselves (3)_Nodding in (4)_and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking(5)_what you have heard Collecting information about the persons expressions and find his(6) _Giving a (7)_of what the person has saidConfirming that the person gains (8)_from speaking his thoughts(9)_A difficult person will be easier to (10)_with if understanding is achievedCommentY