高考英语备考-高考英语短文改错解题技巧.doc

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2010年高考英语备考-高考英语短文改错解题技巧清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授研究组提供2010年高考英语复习精典素材11.高考英语短文改错解题技巧短文改错对考生的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，考生在该项上往往失分较多，那么如何做好改错题，结合自己数年的教学经验，笔者认为要想在短文改错上取得理想的成绩，除了平时打好基础外，在应考时还要做到以下几点； 一、先通读全文。认真阅读短文，在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下文逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构是否完整，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。 二、综合运用所学语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题(即改词、加词或减词)。在短文改错中常出现的错误主要有以下几类： 1.名词：单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。 2.动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时中间杂有另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；接从句需要用虚拟语气的没有用，需要接ing形式的接了to,或相反等。 3.形容词副词：混用。常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反。关系副词where,when,why等的错用，如受“介词+关系代词”的影响而多加了不必要的介词等。 4.介词；主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。 5.主谓一致性；如第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数；再就是就近原则对主语的影响。 6.冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a,an的混用,注意，判断一个词的前面加a还是an不是看其首字母是不是元音字母，而是看首字母的发音是不是元音，如an hour,an honest boy ,其首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开始，故用an，而a useful book,a university,a European, a one-hour trip，虽然以元音字母开始，但却读作辅音音素的音，故用a 7.数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s,或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred,写作seven hundreds. 8.连词：如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反.词性的混淆；同义词辨异； 9.代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反；应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用。如只能用that引导的用了其它,或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。 10.常用固定短语用错。 三、验证答案。改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。因为有时就一个句子来看可能在两个地方修改都说地过去，但在上下文中可能只能在一处修改才正确。 2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语YCYYCY本试卷分为第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分.第一卷1至13页。第二卷14至17页.考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一卷注意事项：1答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。2每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。不能答在试卷上。第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt ?A19.15.B9.15.C9.18.答案是B.1How much will the woman pay if she buys two skirts ?A$18.B$19.C$20. 2What will the speakers discuss ?AA report .BA computer .CA report on computer . 3What are the speakers talking about ?AA child .BA room .CA present . 4What can we learn from this conversation ?AThe woman does not get along well with the man .BThe woman does not get along well with her roommate .CThe man will talk with the womans roommate .5Where are the two speakers now ?AOn the first floor .BOn the fourth floor .COn the fifth floor. 第二节 （共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6What was the woman doing before she went home ?ATyping a report .BRewriting a report .CReviewing a report . 7Where did the woman have her dinner ?AIn a restaurant .BIn her office .CAt home . 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8Why does the man feel surprised ?AThe woman has found a new job .BThe woman doesnt feel like leaving .CThe woman disagrees with him .9What does the woman say about her department ?Athere is a lack of trust .BThere are serious problems .CThere is too much pressure .听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10What are the speakers talking about ?APopular sports events .BTV programs people like best .CThings people do after work .11How did the woman do the research ?AShe talked to people .BShe sent letters to people .CShe collected information from newspapers .12What do most people do in their spare time ?AGo to movies .BRead books .CWatch TV.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Where does this conversation take place ?AAt the airport .BIn a restaurant .COn the street . 14Why does the woman like San Francisco ?AIt has less traffic .BIt has the best food and music .CPeople there are friendlier .15Where does the woman come from ?APennsylvania .BSan Francisco .CChina . 16What does the woman think of the mans English ?AExcellent .BAcceptable .CStrange . 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17How many people are there in the womans family ?AThree .BFour .CFive . 18What did the children think about having dinner together at home ?AThey thought it was funny .BThey disliked the idea at first .CThey preferred eating with friends .19How often did the family finally decide to have meals together ?AEvery Sunday .BTwice a week .CThree times a week . 20Who finally set the time for these family dinners ?AThe children .BThe father .CThe woman speaker . 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）第一节：语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants .Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwhenever 答案是B.21Can I speak to Mr. Wang , please ? AWho are you ?BIm Wang .CSpeaking DAre you John ?22No one helped me . I did it all myself .Afor Bby Cfrom Dto 23Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game .Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat 24I have many friends , some are businessmen .Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom 25We havent enough books for ; some of you will have to share .Asomebody Banybody Ceverybody Dnobody 26Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !Awouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not 27They wanted to charge $ 5, 000 for the car , we managed to bring the price down .Abut Bso Cwhen Dsince 28What would you do if it tomorrow ? We have to carry it on , since weve got everything ready .Arain Brains Cwill rain Dis raining 29My parents will move back into town in a year or .Alater Bafter Cso Dabout 30It wasnt until nearly a month later I received the managers reply .Asince Bwhen Cas Dthat 31Oh dear ! Ive just broken a window . .It cant be helped .ANever mind BAll right CThats fine DNot at all 32The storm left , a lot of damage to this area .Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused 33The heros story differently in the newspapers .Awas reported Bwas reporting Creports Dreported 34The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I before .Awas having Bhave Chave ever had Dhad ever had 35The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting .Athat Bit Cthis Dhim 第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从3655各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant , waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive . Suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction , 37 he knew me . The man had a newspaper 38 in front of him , which he was 39 to read , but I could 40 that he was keeping an eye on me . When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled (困惑) by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other . He seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me . Finally he got up and went into the 46 . When he came out , he paid his bill and 47 without another glance in my direction .I called the owner of the restaurant and asked what the man had 48 . “Well,” he said , “that man was a detective (侦探) . He 49 you here because he thought you were the man he 50 .” “What ?” I said , showing my 51 . The owner continued , “He came into the kitchen and showed me a photo of the wanted man. I 52 say he looked very much like you ! Of course , since we know you , we told him that he had made a 53 .” “Well , its really 54 I came to a restaurant where Im known ,” I said . “ 55 , I might have been in trouble .”36Aknew Bunderstood Cnoticed Drecognized 37Asince Beven if Cthough Das if 38Aflat Bopen Ccut Dfixed 39Ahoping Bthinking Cpretending Dcontinuing 40Asee Bfind Cguess Dlearn 41Amenu Bbill Cpaper Dfood 42Adirect Bfamiliar Cstrange Dfunny 43Achatted with Blooked at Claughed at Dtalked about 44Athe waiter Btime CI Dthe dinner 45Atrue Bhopeful Cclear Dpossible 46Arestaurant Bwashroom Coffice Dkitchen 47Aleft Bacted Csat down Dcalmed down 48Awanted Btried Cordered Dwished 49Amet Bcaught Cfollowed Ddiscovered 50Awas to beat Bwas dealing with Cwas to meet Dwas looking for 51Acare Bsurprise Cworry Dregret 52Amust Bcan Cneed Dmay 53Adiscovery Bmistake Cdecision Dfortune 54Aa pity Bnatural Ca chance Dlucky 55AThus BHowever COtherwise DTherefore 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work , a move scientists say can be good for productivity , workplace morale (士气), and the well-being of animals .A study found that 25% of Australian women would like to keep an office pet . Sue Chaseling of Petcare information Service said the practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets . “On the pets side , They are not left on their own and wont feel lonely and unhappy,” she said