语法知识题与答案.doc

第三部分 语法知识第一单元 时态、语态、情态动词【单元主要内容及目标】本单元主要复习时态、语态及情态动词。通过本单元学习和训练，熟悉并掌握相关的语法知识点。【讲授】 要点1 时态 典型试题解析1. I _ ping- pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play2. When Lily came home at 5 p. m. yesterday, her mother _ dinner in the kitchen.A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. has cooked3. Johns father _ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University.A. taught B. teaches C. has taught D. is teaching4. She _to Beijing. She will be back soon.A. went B. has been C. goes D. has gone 5. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I_ to half a dozen other groups before.A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given6. It is the third time _late this month.A. that you have come to workB. when you have come to workC. that you came to workD. when you came to work7. Nancy was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital. Oh, really? I_. I_ visit her.A. didnt know; will go to B. dont know; will go toC. didnt know; am going to D. havent known; am going to8. I wont be able to attend the meeting tonight because _ . A. I must teach a classB. I teach a classC. I will be teaching a classD. I will have been teaching a class9. I am not in charge of this class; I _Mr. Smiths class instead for he is ill these days.A. just take B. have just taken C. am just taking D. will just take10. He his job by the time you come. A. had been doing B. was doing C. will have done D. has done答案：T：现在就时态的一些典型试题作讲解。先看第1题：我乒乓打得相当好，但自元旦以来我没有时间打乒乓。S：本题用了since一词，是否该用选项B（have played）?T：不能用选项B。因为“我乒乓打得相当好”是表明主语的特征及能力，要用一般现在时，正确选项是D（play）。请看第2题，本题的时间状语是at 5 p.m. yesterday。S：要是强调过去某时正在进行的动作，是否该用过去进行时？T：当然应该用过去进行时。因此，第2题选B（was cooking）。接着看第3题。注意本题由since引导状语从句，意为“自以来”。S：那该用现在完成时才对（has taught）。T：是的。再看第4题：She will be back soon，暗示她不在说话地点，去了北京，因而正确选项是D（has gone）。S：为何不用has been?T：has been只能用来表示经历“去过北京”，这与句子所要表达的意思不符。请看第5题。S：我不太明白这句话的意思，能否翻译一下？T：本题大意是：当时我正在和一大群人讲话，同样的内容我已讲过六、七次了。S：表示“过去的过去”，该用过去完成时，选C（had given）。T：完全正确。接着看第6题。S：本题用了“It is +第几次+that”的结构，这是要用现在完成时的典型结构，正确选项应该是A。T：确实如此。现在看第7题。Oh, really?“噢，真的吗？”，暗示：说话人原来不知道Nancy受了伤，被送往医院这件事，因而要选A。S：为何不选C，Im going to visit her。T：这是因为说话者用will来表示某种“意图”。再看第8题：我不能参加今晚的会议，因为要上课。S：因为将来某时要上课而不能参加会议，那应该用将来进行时，选C（I will be teaching a class）。T：是的。请看第9题。句中these days“这几天，眼下”，强调是目前一阶段正在进行的动作。S：那该用选项C（I am just taking Mr. Smiths class）。T：完全正确。请看第10题。S：by the time you come是什么意思？T：意思是：到你来的时候。英语中，如用by表示将来时间，要用将来完成时。要点2 语态典型试题解析1. How long do you think the meeting ? A. lasts B. will last C. is lasted D. is lasting 2. Every possible means _to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. was used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used3. The new suspension bridge _by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed4. Rain forests _and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are been cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 5. Every year thousands of lives _ in road accidents because of careless driving.A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. are lost6. Take this medicine twice a day, Peter? Do I have to take it? It_ so terrible.A. is tasting B. is tasted C. tastes D. has tasted7. It whether she will continue her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decide8. What happened to John last night? - He_ all his money. A. had robbed B. was robbed C. had robbed of D. was robbed of9. Is the library_ now? No, its_.A. open; close B. opening; closingC. open; closed D. opened; closed10. Little Tommy came to realize that he _.A. was making fun of B. was made fun C. was being made fun of D. was being made fun答案：T：请看第1题。在本题中，last用作动词，不能用于被动结构。正确选项是B（will last）。接着看第2题：已采用了一切可能的手段来预防污染。S：本题该用现在完成时态的被动结构，选D。T：错了。means作“手段”解，单复数同形，但因前面有every作修饰语，means在句中用作单数，因而正确选项是C（has been used）。请看第3题。S：句中由by the end of last month作状语，表示过去时间，是否该用过去完成时。T：确实该用过去完成时的被动结构。正确选项是B（had been designed）。请看第4题：雨林正在以这样一种速度被砍伐和烧毁，在不远的将来就会从地球上消失。S：表示“正在被”，那该用现在进行时的被动结构，选C（are being cut）。T：正确。接着看第5题：每年有成千上万的人在公路的意外事故中丧命。S：句子的主语是thousands of lives，那该用被动语态。T：是的，本题正确选项是D（are lost）。再看第6题。taste在句中用作系动词，意为“尝起来”。S：taste在此的用法是否与look（看起来），sound（听起来）用法相同，后面接形容词，而且不能用被动结构？T：是的，它们用法相同。正确选项是C（tastes）。请看第7题。句中it用作形式主语。表示“还未决定”，要用被动结构。S：在4个选项中，只有A是被动结构。T：本题选A，没错。请看第8题：他的钱包被抢了。S：表示被动，选B。T：错了。rob这个词的用法是：rob sb. of sth。用作被动语态时，千万不能遗漏了介词of 。正确选项是D（was robbed of）。请看第9题。S：该题选A，对吗？T：不对。open 用作形容词，可作“开着”解，但表示“关着、关闭的”则要用closed, 不用close，因而要用选项C。请看第10题。make fun of 是个词组，意为“取笑”。S：那构成被动语态的话，应该用选项C（was being made fun of）。T：是的，千万不能遗漏了介词of。要点3 情态动词 典型试题解析1. Must I go there tonight? No, you _.A. mustnt B. dont have to C. shouldnt D. oughtnt to 2. The young lady coming over to us _ our English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be3. When the railway is completed, we_ get to town much easily.A. must B. would C. are able to D. will be able to 4. You_ buy some reference books when you go to college.A. could B. will have to C. must to D. might5. He didnt pass the final examination. He_ it.A. must have prepared for B. ought to prepare forC. ought to have prepared for D. ought to prepare for6. My wallet is nowhere to be found. I_ in the store.A. must drop it B. must have dropped itC. should have dropped it D. ought to have dropped it7. Mr. Green live in the country than in the city. A. had better B. would like C. would rather D. would better8. You _read the book if you dont want to.A. neednt to B. dont need C. dont need to D. need9. Its getting dark. Youd better_ stay here.A. dont B. not to C. not D. never to 10. You _in your exercises in time so that you can get them back now.A. shouldnt have handed B. shouldnt hand C. should have handed D. should hand答案：T：请看第1题。以情态动词must开头的疑问句，询问的是“有无必要”，因而其否定回答是“不必”，选B（dont have to）。S：能不能说No, you neednt?T：当然可以。请看第2题。the way she walks tells us that（她走路的样子就告诉了我们），言下之意“可能性极大”。S：表示猜测：想必是，那该选A。T：是的。请看第3题：当铁路建成后，指将来。S：那主句要用将来时，选D。T：对的。请看第4题。本题与第3题相似，主句也用将来时，选B（will have to）。再看第5题。本题表示“本该做的，实际上并没有做”。S：那应该用“should + have +过去分词”来表示，但本题中没有should一词。T：ought to就等于should，因而要用选项C。请看第6题：我的钱包到处找不见，肯定是在商店里，我掉了钱包。S：这好像是对已发生的事情进行猜测，那该用“must + have + 过去分词”的结构，选B（must have dropped it）。T：完全正确。再看第7题。注意句中than与哪个选项一起用，可表示“宁愿而不愿”的意思。S：选C，would rather do sth. than do sth. else。T：接着看第8题：如果你不想看这本书，那就不必看。S：选B。T：错了。用了助动词dont, need只能用作实义动词，正确选项是C（dont need to do sth.）。请看第9题。youd better的否定结构，如何表达？S：加上not再加动词原形，正确选项是C（not stay here）。T：请看第10题：你本该及时交练习，这样你现在就可以拿回你的练习。S：本题的意思是：本该做的，但实际上没有做。用should + have +过去分词来表示，选C才对。T：你说得对。【扩展学习】时态1. The train from this station _on time.A. never leavesB. will never leaveC. is never leavingD. was never leaving2. Before long, he _all about what happened today.A. will have forgottenB. will have been forgottenC. will forgetD. will be forgetting3. Mary _Tom with his lessons this time yesterday.A. helpedB. was helpingC. were helpingD. had helping4. The more you practise, the greater progress you_.A. will makeB. have madeC. are makingD. have been making5. When I was at school, I _to the library every day.A. goB. wentC. was goingD. have gone6. The customer _the money on the counter and went away.A. layB. liedC. laidD. was laying7. I think Ill write Jim right now and tell him _with him.A. Ill goB. Ive goneC.I was goingD. Id go8. I wont be able to watch the program because I _my homework at that time.A. shall have doneB. will doC. shall be doneD. will be doing9. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _at a radio shop at the time.A. has workedB. was workingC. had been workingD. had worked10. Your phone number again? I _quite catch it.It is 9568442.”A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant11. I dont want to drink the milk any more because it _too sweet.A. tastesB. is tastingC. has tastedD. will taste12. We _three major snowstorms so far this winter.A. hadB. haveC. have hadD. had had13. You neednt hurry her. She _it by the time you are ready.A. will have been finishingB. will finishC. will have finishedD. will be finishing14. Its the third time I _him this month.A. had seenB. seeC. sawD. have seen15. When I was drinking tea in a teahouse, I met Tom. We _each other for a long time.A. havent seenB. didnt seeC. werent seeD. hadnt seen16. “I cant come to the meeting, ” she wrote, “because I _my leg. ”A. have brokenB. had brokenC. breakD. was breaking17. It _hard when you leave home.A. will be rainingB. will have been rainingC. will be rainedD. will have rained18. When mother came home, she learned that her cat _for half an hour.A. had diedB. diedC. would be deadD. had been dead19. The play is coming off in April. By then the play _for half a year.A. will have runB. will be runningC. will runD. will have been running20. Joe was caught in a traffic jam and when he got to the theatre, the play _for half an hour.A. had already startedB. had already put onC. had already been onD. had already been put on21. I would have come sooner, but I _that you were waiting.A. knewB. didnt knowC. hadnt knownD. dont know22. I _the film before, but I decided to see it a second time.A. have seenB. sawC. had seenD. hadnt seen23. Ive been studying in this university for four years, by next summer I_.A. will graduateB. shall have graduatedC. shall be graduatingD. shall be graduated24. I hope he will come to see me before he _ here.A. leaveB. leavesC. will leaveD. left25. Ive been looking for you all over the place, where_?A. had you beenB. had you goneC. have you beenD. have you gone答案：1A。表示“总是如此”用一般现在时。2C。before long意为“不久”，指将来，用一般将来时。3B。this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）表示过去某时正发生的事情，需用过去进行时。4A。句意：你练习得越多，进步就越大。指将来，用一般将来时。5B。虽然本题中有every day，但指的是“过去每天”，用一般过去时。6C。本题是并列句，前后两句都用一般过去时。lay (放)的过去式是laid。7A。tell him指将来，用一般将来时。8D。at that time指将来某一时段，用将来正在进行时。9B。at the time指“3年前我初次见到Lisa时”，表示“过去正在发生的事”用过去进行时。10A。句意：请再说一下你的电话号码，我没听清楚。根据上下文，“没听见”指的是过去，因而要用一般过去时。11A。本题指的是一种习惯，要用一般现在时。12C。so far this winter（今年冬天到现在），要用现在完成时。13C。by the tine you are ready指将来，要用将来完成时。14D。It is +第几次+（that），需用现在完成时。15D。 I met Tom指过去，在这之前好多时间未见面，要用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”。16A。注意本题用了引号，因此要用现在完成时。17A。“当你离家的时候，雨将下得很大。”指将来正在发生的事，要用将来正在进行时。18D。句中she learned指过去，for half an hour表示持续一段时间，不能用终止性动词had died。19D。By then指将来，for half a year表示持续一段时间，因而要用将来完成进行时。20C。在到达戏院之前，戏已上演半小时了。因有表示持续一段时间的状语，不能用终止性动词。21B。but 指过去实际情况，用一般过去时。22C。decided指过去，在此之前已看过，因而要用过去完成时。23B。by next summer指将来，要用将来完成时。24B。before引导时间状语从句指将来，要用一般现在时。25C。 根据句意，指“去过那里”，表示经历，因而不能选D。语态1. Its hot today. The temperature _to 35.A. has risenB. has been risenC. has been raisedD. has raised2. In some parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served3. Two of the boys _while playing football.A. hurtB. were hurtingC. got hurtD. had been hurt4. The library _at 5 oclock every day.A. closesB. is closedC. is closingD. will be closed5. If the film _in our school well go and see it.A. will be shownB. is shownC. was shownD. is to shown6. I _to attend an important meeting tomorrow.A. tell B. toldC. have been toldD. is told7. A pair of glasses _on the desk.A. is lainB. are lainC. is lyingD. were lying8. Town Hall is the tallest building in the city._from here?A. Can it seeB. Can it be seenC. Can it seenD. Can see9. Doctors _in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need10. She_ for what she has done.A. ought to praiseB. ought be praisedC. ought to praisedD. ought to be praised11. These kinds of shoes _well.A. dont sellB. are not soldC. wont be soldD. were not sold12. The box is made _paper, and the paper is made _wood.A. from; ofB. of; fromC. from; fromD. of; of13. Do you know how the war_?A. winsB. wonC. was wonD. had won14. She _Robert for a year.A. marriedB. married withC. has been marryingD. has been married to15. What he had said at the meeting _true.A. provesB. is provedC. provedD. was proved16. Shortly after we_, a waiter came over to our table with a smile.A. seatedB. were seatedC. sat ourselvesD. took place17. The question _by us soon.A. is going to be discussedB. will discussC. is going to discussD. has been discussed18. How _tons _the machine_?A. many; is; weighB. much; does; weighC. many; does; weighD. much; is; weigh19. This railway is _in about two months.A. completeB. to have completedC. to be completedD. completing20. I found the sentence _smoothly.A. didnt readB. wasnt readC. wasnt readingD. hadnt read答案：1A。“温度上升到35”不能用被动语态。2B。serve作“供应”解，需用被动语态。3C。指“受伤”，要用被动语态，但不必用过去完成时。4A。open, close指“开，关”，不必用被动语态。be closed指状态“关着”。5B。if 引导的条件句，一般不用将来时。但根据句意，要用被动结构。6C。根据句意（已被告知），要有现在完成时的被动结构。7C。lie除了作“躺”解，也可表示“位于”的意思，没有被动语态。a pair of glasses作主语，是单数。8B。根据句意，要用被动语态，但要注意用疑问句语序。9C。表示“被需要”，要用被动结构。10D。ought to 等同于should，被动结构为“ought to + be +过去分词”。11A。dont sell well意为“不畅销”。12B。be made of 指从制品中仍看得出原材料，而be made from 则指原材料发生了化学变化。13C。win the war，但当the war做主语时，要用被动结构。14D。for a year要用现在完成时，be married to 指状态。15C。prove在上下文中不用被动语态。主语从句用had said，因而主句用一般过去时。16B。be seated指“坐下”，等同于sit down。17A。soon指将来，但根据句意要用被动语态。18C。tons 是可数名词，不能用how much。weigh在句中不用被动语态。19C。in about two months指将来。is to be completed是表示“将来被动”。20A。句意：我觉得这句子读起来不顺口。不用被动语态。情态动词1. _you hear the radio from the other side of the room?A. CanB. MayC. MustD. Should2. Mr. Green _live in the country than in the city.A. had betterB. would likeC. would ratherD. would better3. I havent got anything to do, so I _go with you.A. must B. may as wellC. have toD. may4. Mary _at home, for she never goes out this time at night.A. cant beB. can beC. must beD. may be5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to6. I _get this done immediately or it will be too late.A. canB. shallC. mayD. must7. You dont _to go there if you have no time.A. needB. wantC. mustD. ought8. A computer_ think for itself, it must be told what to do.A. cantB. couldntC. may notD. might not9. Shes already an hour late. Something _to her.A. can have happenedB. must have happenedC. should have happenedD. may have happened10. Did you blame him for his mistakes? Yes, but _it.”A. I shouldnt have doneB. I shouldnt doC. I should have doneD. I should do11. You _return the book now. You _keep it till next week if you like.A. cant; canB. mustnt; mayC. neednt; canD. may not; must12. Wont you tell me more about your problem?I _talk about it any more.”A. would rather not toB. wouldnt ratherC. would rather notD. wouldnt rather to13. _we stop to have a rest?A. WillB. WouldC. ShallD. Should14. You _to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to comeB. dont need comeC. dont need comingD. neednt come15. I _it again.A. would like you to readB. would like that you readC. would like your readingD. like you tell16. Need you go now?_.A. Yes, I needB. Yes, I have toC. No, I mustntD. No, I dont17. We have told him many times, but he _listen to our advice.A. couldB. was able toC. wontD. werent18. _ he help you with the problem?Well, though it is very hard, _Ill do what I can to work it out.A. Will; butB. Can; andC. Must; howeverD. Shall; still19. Could I call you by your first name? Yes, you _.A. willB. couldC. mayD. might20. Write to me when you get home. _ .A. I mustB. I shouldC. I willD. I can答案：1。A。表示“能否”，用can。2C。句中有than。would rather than意为“宁愿而不愿”。3B。“may as well +动名原形”意为“还是的好”，等同于had better +动词原形。4C。根据句意（晚上从不出去），那肯定在家，用must be。5D。当要表明过去某时一个动作已成功地完成时，要用was