高考真题答案与解析.doc

更全资料: 2005年3月年高口真题答案与解析SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPartA: Spot Dictation【答案】1. spent talking 1. works of subordinates and their superiors2. 1/3 and 90% 2. five universal rules3.Working relationships 13. Respect the others privacy4. informal contacts 18. in confidence with5. cooperation at work 15. favors or compliments6. job satisfaction and well-being 28. nobody breaks these rules7. as general markers 29. good social skills8. Through interviews with 30. never or hardly ever9. ask others to rate 31. monitor their reactions10. relationships with spouses 20. look quite frequently at the personPart B: Listening ComprehensionQuestions 1 to 5【原文】M: Yes, talking about illnesses, Im quite surprised to see that in the UK, illnesses are verydifferent from those in Algeria, to some extent. For instance, in the UK people seem tosuffer from heart disease and stress quite a lot, whereas in Algeria, they seem to suffer frombowel problems more often than in Britain by the sound of it. The reason for the being, Ithink, is diet, is connected with diet, in the way people eat. In Algeria, they tend to eat hot,spicy food, peppery things, very hot things, which I cant take myself. But the tendency is toeat hot food, and it seems to result in that. If you look at the pace of life in Algeria and inBritain, youd find that this explains quite a bit of differences in terms of illnesses. InAlgeria, people I think, lead a much slower pace, because life is less hectic, less industrialfor a start. And so they dont tend to get this type of illnesses that are related to stress, suchas heart attacks.W: Do you get What else do you get here? You get quite a bit of cancer.M: Cancer? Well, cancer exists there as well. But I think its more frequent in Britain than it isthere. The reason for it, I think, is mainly to do with pollution, the levels of pollution thatBritain has. It goes again with industry, and of course, stress. Algeria is slightly developed inthe north, and thats where we record, I think, Im not an expert in the matter, most cancers,whereas the south is pretty healthy. So there is that kind of illness that is recorded there, butnot very frequent. Other types of illnesses that people suffer from, especially young childrenhere is asthma. Theres a lot of asthma. When it comes to other types of illnesses, likepsychological disturbances and psychiatric related problems, it appears to me that in Britainpeople are more mad than in Algeria.W: Really?M: It seems to be so. In the sense that less people go to the psychiatrist in Algeria than here. Is ita fashion? Is it a true reflection of the state of the society? Im not sure.W: Are there more psychiatrists here?M: Oh, far more psychiatrist here than in Algeria. Yes. And people in Algeria would resort to apsychiatrist almost as a last resort for mental illnesses. They tend to rely on the family,because the family structure is again very different from that one in Britain.W: Much stronger.M: Its much stronger. So the family would tend to support, or even hide, in some cases, theyrementally ill. And try to help them within the family, often by ignoring their illness. Sayingyou are normal, therefore behave normally. And thats what expected from you. And itseems to work. But when you move away from these cases or psychological problems, you176end up you fall into the category of normal medicine. Like, if you have a broken limb,you end up in hospital. And you find hundreds of people with broken limbs being treated thesame way as they would be treated in Britain. Really. 99% of the cases will be treated thesame way as in Britain. Yes, perhaps one thing to mention is that people use herbal medicine,or used to use herbal medicine more than in Britain. But I think now Britain uses it quite alot as well.W:Well, it certainly has developed, yes.M: It has developed, hasnt it? The recipes may differ. People there, you know, they all seem tohave their secret recipes coming down from their granny, whatever. But if you analyze them,youd find that the same ingredients for the same cures come and crop up in the books ofherbal medicine.【大意】本文有关阿尔及利亚和英国医疗情况的对比，及导致各种区别的原因。得出的结论是，工业的发展与人们所患的疾病密切相关。同时，文化的差异也使不同国家的人们对病人及治病手段持有不同态度。【解析】1. What are the man and the woman mainly talking about?答案为C）。文章在第一句话就开宗明义，点明题旨，talking about illnesses。2. According to the conversation, there are several factors which can explain why peoplecontract different illnesses. Which of the following is not one of these factors?答案为D）。本题为正题反问。人们患上不同疾病的原因分散在各个段落中。听力时需注意the reason, explain 等解释性的词汇。3. In which part of Algeria do people record most cases of cancer?答案为D）。文章中只提到南方及北方，干扰性不强。但作者使用了插入语，如thats wherewe record, I think, Im not an expert in the matter，需留心插入语前后意思的连贯。4. What would people in Algeria tend to do for mental illnesses?答案为B）。考点非常具体，阿尔及利亚人如何治疗精神疾病。与之相关的词汇包括psychological problems 或psychiatric disorders。听力时需将阿尔及利亚人对精神疾病的治疗方法和对普通疾病的治疗方法区别开来。5. If you have a broken limb in Algeria, how would you be treated?答案为A）。本题难度不大。但由于治疗断肢与使用草药两部分联系太紧，间隔不明显，导致考生容易误判。Questions 6 to 10【原文】JerusalemUS Secretary of State Collin Powell yesterday called for an end to violence, and asked Israel andPalestinians to facilitate Palestinian elections as he sought to revive a long dormant USpeace-making role. Powell, on his first visit to Israel and West Bank in 18 months, met IsraeliPrime Minister Ariel Sharon, and was to hold talks later with Palestinians leaders, who havetaken interim control following President Yasser Arafats death on November 11th. Powell saidIsraeli leaders told him yesterday that Israel would cooperate and coordinate with thePalestinians over the presidential election they plan to hold in January. Israeli foreign ministerSylvan Shalom, at a news conference with Powell, said Israel would do everything in its powerto ensure smooth the running of the January 9th ballot to choose a successor to Arafat.New OrleansMore than 60 countries agree to ban the killing of sharks for their fins in the Atlantic Ocean, amove that conservationists hope will increase protection of the threatened species around theworld. The International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, ICCAT, drew upthe agreement at its annual meeting being held in New Orleans on Sunday. The agreement bansthe practice known as shark finning, in which fishermen slice off a sharks fin and throw the177carcass overboard, leading room for more fins. Shark fins are delicacy in Asian countries, andcommand high prices. Shark fin soup sells for more than 100 US dollars in Singapore, accordingtoWild Aid, an environmental group.ColomboPakistani Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz said yesterday that his visit to India this week willimprove the atmosphere of relations between the two long time rivals, but warned againstexpectations for a breakthrough. Aziz, speaking in Colombo during a South Asia tour, said histrip to New Delhi, which begins today, was part of Pakistans commitment to peaceful relationswith its neighbors, including India. “My visit should not be viewed as a transactional process,but as an ongoing process.”Aziz told a group of businessmen and journalists at the end of histwo-day-tour of Sri Lanka.MunichGermany, the worlds 3rd biggest economy, can no longer rely on exports to fuel domesticspending, prompting economists to cut their growth forecast for next year to as low as 1%. Ayear long export bloom ended in the 3rd quarter, and investment and spending did not riseenough to make up the difference, dragging the pace of growth to the slowest in more than a year.Investment in Germany is weakening as companies including Volkswagen AG, Europes biggestcar maker, use their profits to build factories and hire outside their home market. “The linkbetween exports, investment and consumption is getting weaker,” said Hans-Werner Sear,president of the Munich based IFO Institute, who coined the term “bazaar economy”to describethe transfer of large parts of Germanys Industrial production to lower wage economies. “Imafraid the period of stagnation will continue for some years to come.”TokyoNissan Motor Corporation, Japans second biggest car maker, said total vehicle sales in theUnited States next year may be similar to 2004, even as the price of petrol rises and growthslows in the worlds largest economy. “Sales will probably reach 17 million vehicles in theUnited States, the worlds largest auto market next year, compared with an estimated 16.9million units this year, as auto makers release new models and increase incentives,”said Nissanexecutive vice president Norio Matsumira in an interview in Tokyo. Last year, 16.67 millionvehicles were sold in the United States, according to Auto Data.【解析】6. Which of the following statements is true about US Secretary of State Collin Powells visit tothe Middle East?答案为B）。此题涉及巴以冲突，为高级口译新闻部分常考内容。巴以问题于2000 年大卫营会谈后陷入僵局，致2004 年阿拉法特逝世，美国在巴以问题上一直发挥不了大的作用。阿拉法特逝世后，巴勒斯坦进行选举，推出新的领导人。到目前为止，巴以问题仍然是中东无法解决的问题之一。本则新闻考点为facilitate 一词，意为促进，推动，与B）选项中contribute to the smooth running 意思吻合，因此为正确答案。7. What agreement did the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunasreach at its annual meeting?答案为C）。考点在新闻第一句话。达成此项协议的目的在于加强保护濒危动物。然而加强保护濒危动物毕竟不是协议的内容。干扰处为词组a move that，相似词组有a note of, anindication to, a signal of 等等。8. What did Pakistani Prime Minister say before his visit to India?答案为C）。印巴冲突也是高级口译常考内容。到目前为止，印巴问题虽有缓和，但仍未出现决定性的转机。印巴领导人虽时有互访，但都只是试探性的举动。因此此题A）、D）项都是错误的。9. According to the report, what prompts economists to cut their growth forecast for Germaneconomy next year?178答案为B）。考点出现在新闻第一句。注意为fuel 一词，本意是“为 添加燃料”，引申意为“刺激 的发展”。10. What will total vehicle sales in the United States probably reach next year?答案为D）。对数字的考察。新闻中共出现三个数字，去年为16.67 million，今年为16.9million，明年为17 million。Questions 11 to 15【原文】W: Forget drink and drug abuse. Rock stars now face a new hazard, voice abuse. After lastweeks announcement that Genesis singer Phil Collins might give up touring because liveconcerts are ruining his voice, doctors are counseling stars about the dos and donts of voicecare. Here in the studio with us today, we have Mr. Paul Philips. Mr. Philips is a consultantlaryngologist at the Highfield Hospital, London, and counts many pop and rock stars amonghis clients. Mr. Philips, what advice would you give to singers facing voice problems?M: If pop singers have got voice problems, they really need to be more selective about wherethey work. They shouldnt work in smoky atmospheres and of course, they shouldnt smokethemselves. They also need to think about resting their voices after a show. For instance,they should rest their voices instead of straining them at parties or chatting to friends.Something else they need to be careful about is medicines, aspirin, for example. Singershould avoid aspirin. It thins the blood. And if a singer coughs, this can result in the bruisingof the vocal cords.W: And, is it true that some singers use steroids before concerts to boost their voices when theyhave voice problems?M: Yes, this does happen on occasions. Theyre easily available on the Continent. And theyreuseful if the singer has inflamed vocal cords and has to sing that night. But if theyre takenregularly and long term, they cause a thinning of the voice muscle. Most pop singers sufferfrom three things: lack of training, overuse and abuse of the voice, especially when they areyoung. They had difficult lives. When they go on tour, they do a vast number of concerts,sing in smoke-laden places, and they go after the next gig in an air-conditioned bus or on aplane. Now both of these have low humidity, and this damages the vocal cords. Then theyreexpected to do very long tours, three months or so. No opera singer would ever dream ofdoing a tour that long. And they abuse their voices by forcing them so as to be heard overbackground noise.W: So what advice would you give to rock and pop singers?M:Warm your voice up before a show, and warm it down after.W: So, whereas late parties, pill-popping and cigarettes used to be derigueur for pop and rockstars, theyre now recommended to warm up their voices before a concert, and go straighthome to bed with a cup of nice, hot coco after.【大意】本文探讨“歌手如何保护嗓音”的问题。话题略显生僻。一般认为，歌手的嗓音受到药物，烟雾等外部原因的损害。本文中的专家则认为，要保护好自己的嗓音，歌手在演出前需要warm up，在演出后需要warm down。一些专业词汇，如laryngologist, vocal chord, steroid 等也是本文的难点。【解析】11. Whats the main topic of this interview?答案为D）。文章开宗明义提到voice abuse。abuse 意为滥用，乱用，对应voice problems。12. Who is Mr. Paul Philips?答案为A）。文章对Mr. Paul Philips 的身份有清晰的介绍。对于考生来说，若laryngologist一词是生词，则需根据该词的发音判断出正确答案。13. Which of the following statements is true according to the interview?答案为B）。文章提到，歌手们应当注意自己打工作环境，同时小心使用阿斯匹林之类的179药物，因为药物会稀释血液。如果歌手咳嗽，则会导致声带瘀伤。如果歌手服用steroid（类固醇），则会损害发声肌肉。另一方面，流行歌手经常要开巡回演唱会，声带没有得到适当的休息，过度疲劳，也会受到损害。剧院歌手则不同，他们不需要长途跋涉，举办一场耗时两到三小时的演唱会。综合看来，只有B）选项是正确答案。14. Which of the following things do most pop singers not suffer from?答案为D）。原文为Most pop singers suffer from three things: lack of training, overuse andabuse of the voice, especially when they are young。15. According to the interview, which of the following factors is good for the voice?答案为C）。A）、B)、D）三个选项都会损害声带，只有C）选项是正确答案。Questions 16 to 20【原文】We live in a society increasingly obsessed with material success. Were exhorted to get on,get ahead, or make it to the top. If you dont prosper, its easy to feel like a flop, that youvewasted your life, and failed your family. But is such success open to all? Do we all have thepotential to be millionaires? And can success be taught? What can we learn from those who domake it to the top?Becoming a millionaire is a surprisingly haphazard affair. At school, were told that if wework hard and pass exams, we will do well. But a recent study by Professor Kerry Cooper of theUniversity of Manchester refutes this advice. When he studied the lives of successfulentrepreneurs, he found that nearly 60% left school early, either because they were thrown out orwere bored. Other studies suggest there is little correlation between how well children do atschool and the salary and job satisfaction they achieve as adults. The most certain route to richesis to start out wealthy. Over half the people in the most recent Sunday Times survey of therichest 200 people in the country inherited money. 25% of those who head large corporationswere born into affluent families.If youre not born wealthy, you may be able to capitalize on another advantage - goodlooks. Good looks make early life easier. Teachers and other children will expect you to bekinder, cleverer, and to do better than plainer peers, explains Dr. Raymond Bow of PortsmouthUniversity, expert on the effects of facial appearance. Being tall is also an advantage. Otherqualities being equal, employers are more likely to select taller and more attractive people.However, unless you want to work with children, it can be a handicap having too pretty a babyface. Youre likely to be regarded as kind, but not very efficient. You may fare better by taking tocrime. Juries are far more likely to acquit you.In a new book, Business Elites, Profess Cooper compares a number of successfulentrepreneurs with people Cooper calls “intrapreneurs”. He defines intrapreneurs as those whorise through the ranks to the top of large corporations. Cooper found major differences betweenthe two groups. Intrapreneurs tended to be the kids everyone thought would do well. Over halfwent to university. Theyre good organizers, and get on well with people. But the entrepreneursoften had early reputations as trouble makers. They probably left school early, had severalbusiness disasters, and are of awkward personalities. Theyre also intuitive and very determined.The most dramatic difference between entrepreneurs and corporation highfliers was that only 5%of Coopers entrepreneurs had both parents present throughout childhood, compared with 91%of the intrapreneurs. In some cases, the parent had died. In others, they had been absent for longperiods. Coping with disaster early in life appears to give people vital resilience later on,suggests Cooper.But even if youre born poor and ugly, to parents who refuse to absent themselves from you,theres still plenty you can do to influence your chance of success. A range of courses andself-help manuals are available to help you forge your way to the top. Go into any largebookshop, and youll find a section with title such as The Magic of Thinking Big, or RichesWhile You Sleep. Theres even a magazine called Personal Success, filled with ads for courses180that will unleash the power within, or transform your thinking, behavior, and relationships.Successful people, says Breen, an organizational consultant, are the ones who, when somethingdoesnt work, try something else. Unsuccessful people keep on doing the same thing, onlyharder.【大意】本文提出了两个概念，entrepreneur（企业家）与intrapreneur（准企业家），探讨“如何才能成功”这个已被广泛讨论的问题。最后得出的结论是：成功的企业家通常有苦难的童年；成功的准企业家通常有出色的外表。如果两者皆无，就要读书自助了。【解析】16. Whats the speaker mainly talking about?答案为C）。文章用几个排比的问题来点出主题，“如何才能成功”。注意不要受第一句话干扰选择B）。17. According to the passage, whats the most certain route to riches?答案为B）。原文为The most certain route to riches is to start out wealthy。18. Whats the definition of an “intrapreneur”given by Professor Cooper?答案为A）。原文为He defines intrapreneurs as those who rise through the ranks to the top oflarge corporations。Intrapreneur 的概念在文章倒数第二段才出现。在此之前作者讨论了成为一个成功人士必备的条件。听力时需将这些条件和“准企业家”的定