商务英语阅读名词解释.doc

1. The bank had doubled profits in the past year via a string of successful mergers, but on Apr. 21 it reported that its securities portfolio had unrealized losses of nearly $131 million. 在过去一年中银行已经通过一系列成功的合并双倍盈利，但在 4月 21日却传出报告说证券投资组合造成近一亿三千一百万美元的损失。2. Were considering strategies that make the most sense if rates are going up much more aggressively and sooner than anticipated. 如果利率继续以超出我们想象的强劲势头增长，我们就要考虑最明智的决策。 3. But benchmarking employees, and then paying them different rates, can turn out to be a minefield if handled badly. 但是仅仅用一种单一的标准来衡量员工，然后以此对他们进行区分奖励，一旦操作 有误很可能造成恶劣后果。 4. But the growing shortage of executive talent may make the growth assumptions written into many business plans over-optimistic. 但是日渐匮乏的管理人才使得商业计划书对未来经济增长的假设显得过于乐观了。 5. Alternatively, advertisers can choose to use “spokescharacters”. Owens-Corning has used the Pink Panther for nearly 20 years to endorse its insulation products, and Metropolitan Life has used the Peanuts gang to promote its insurance policies. Another way advertisers protect themselves is by using deceased celebrities. Through the wonders of technology, television viewers see screen legends John Wayne pitching Coors beer and Fred Astaire dancing with a Dirt Devil vacuum cleaner. 此外，作为一项选择，广告主不一定非要用真人来促销产品，而可以选择一个“代 言人”（不一定是真实的人，可以是动画人物，甚至可以是动物）。例如，奥弗恩 斯*科宁用粉红豹来促销其粉红色的绝缘材料已有 20 多年;大都会人寿保险公司用 花生少年来促销其保险政策。广告主保护自己的方法之一就是减少名人的运用。例 如，通过神奇的技术，电视观众看到了荧幕传奇任务约翰*威尼叫卖科拉斯啤酒的 镜头，还看到了弗莱特*阿斯泰尔与一台名叫清洁助手的吸尘器一起跳舞的情形。6. In China, as a result of the economic reforms and market opening measures, SMEs have enjoyed remarkable development and have grown to become an important force in contributing towards sustained and rapid growth of the Chinese economic. 在中国，由于经济改革和市场开发等措施，中小企业有了越来越大的发展，逐渐演 变为中国得以可持续快速发展的中坚力量。 7. Many underestimate the cost of local staff. Chinese graduates often have an inflated view of their own, complain some foreign managers. Multinationals are also competing for talent with Chinas domestic companies, which need to improve the quality of their people as their markets open to foreign rivals. 许多人低估了本土雇员的成本。一些国外的经理抱怨说，中国的毕业生常常过分地 夸大自身的价值。不少跨国公司也在和中国本土的公司竞争人才，这就意味着中国 公司同样应当提高员工的素质，因为中国市场已经向国外的竞争者开放了。8. A fairly obvious cultural divide that has been much studied is the one between, on the one hand, the countries of North America and north-west Europe, where management is largely based on analysis, rationality, logic and systems, and, on the other, the Latin cultures of southern Europe and South America, where personal relations, intuition, emotion and sensitivity are of much greater importance. 一方面，北美和欧洲西北部的管理方式大都是基于分析、理性、逻辑和系统;而另 一方面，在南欧和南美的拉丁文化中，人际关系、直觉、情感和敏感性则更为重要。 这两种明显的文化划分已经被广为研究。 9. The style of the ad. Is also important, because comparative ads, while acceptable and even common in the United States and Canada, are less commonly used in the United Kingdom, unacceptable in Japan, and illegal in India and Brazil. 广告的形式也很重要，因为比较性广告在美国和加拿大可以被接受，甚至非常普通， 但在英国却很少使用，在日本无法接受，而在印度和巴西则是非法的。 10. Those that want rewards to be cost-effective but memorable are seeking the services of firms that specialize in employee recognition. 那些很想奖励员工而且希望所付出的奖励能够被员工铭记于心的公司往往会去寻求 一种服务，帮助他们用巧妙的办法来俘获员工对于公司的认同感。 11. Coca-Colas Indian subsidiary was forced to end a promotion that offered prizes such as a trip to Hollywood, because it encouraged customers to buy in order to gamble, in violation of Indias established trade practices. 可口可乐印度分公司被迫停止提供奖项，诸如好莱坞旅游的促销活动，这种活动使 顾客的购买行动带有赌博性质，而这违背了印度的贸易惯例。 12. The simplest mode is one in which Motorola makes no particular effort to adjust to the local culture, but merely clarifies its policy on a given issue, and implements that policy regardless of whether it overlaps with the values or standards of the host culture. 最简单的模式是摩托罗拉针对当地文化，并不作任何特别的调整，只是阐明一个既 定的决策，并且实施这个决策而不管它是否与当地价值观或文化标准有所重合。 13. Slowly but surely, consumers are leaving malls to shop on-line, often in their pajamas at 11 PM. And anyone who doubts the potential power of the ecommerce juggernaut hasnt grasped the advantage for both consumers and businesses. 显而易见的是，消费者逐渐把注意力从普通的购物商场转移到在线购物。这样他们 就可以穿着睡衣在晚上 11 点的时候选择心仪的商品。如果有任何人怀疑电子商务 对传统购物的潜在威慑力的话，他一定是还没有体验过电子商务无论对买方还是卖 方的巨大便利和优势。 14. In some situations, the overlap between Motorolas standards and certain practices of the host culture might be so limited that the corporation has no choice other than simply to abide by its own standards and attempt to remain viable in that country. 在一些情况下，摩托罗拉的价值标准与东道国特定惯例的重合之处甚为有限，公司 别无选择，只得遵守自身的准则，同时也尽量保持在东道国的可实行性。 15. Even if one country can make everything more cheaply than every other it still gains from focusing on the goods in which its relative advantages is greatest i.e., in which it has a comparative advantage and importing the rest. 即使一个国家任何产品的生产都比其他国家具有更低的成本，它依然可以通过集中 生产其最具有相对比较优势的产品而获得更大的利益，对于其他产品则可实行进口。16. The Buyers shall open with a bank to be accepted by both the Buyers and Sellers an irrevocable transferable letter of credit, allowing partial shipment, transshipment in favor of the Sellers and addressed to Sellers payable at sight against first presentation of the shipping document to Opening Bank. The covering letter of credit must reach the Sellers 30 days before shipment and remain valid in China until the 21st day (inclusive) from the date of shipment. 买方应通过买卖双方都接受的银行，向卖方开出以卖方为收益人的不可撤销、可转 让的即期付款信用证，并允许分装、转船。信用证必须在装船前 30 天送达卖方， 有效期至装运日期后 21 天。 17. Game theory has been used by economists to study the interaction of oligopolies, on-management disputes; countries trade policies, international environmental agreements, reputations, and a host of other situations. 博弈论被经济学家用于研究以下几个方面：市场垄断者之间的相互行为，关系管理 上的争端，国家间的贸易政策，国际间的环保协定，声望确定以及其他一些情况。 18. All companies fear the leverage gained by consumers who can demand everlower prices. Finally, businesses are rapidly learning that it isnt enough to tack the suffix “dot com” onto the company name. 所有公司都惧怕消费者在追求低价的过程中占尽了先机。最后，所有的商业机构都 明白了仅仅在公司名称后面加上“.com”是远远不够的。名词解释： Adam Smith 亚当斯密，英国古典政治经济学代表人物，著有国富论 Alan Greenspan 艾伦格林斯潘，美联储主席 Avon China Inc. 雅芳（中国）公司 Bankers draft 银行汇票 Benefit package 福利包 Bill Cosby 比尔考斯比，美国黑人，喜剧之父 BP British Petroleum 英国石油公司 Brick-and-mortar 传统意义上的公司 Bureau of Public Enterprise, BPE 国有企业局,实际负责推动民营化计划的机构 Carlyle Group 凯雷投资集团 CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加运费价 CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight 到岸价格 CIP: Carriage Insurance Paid to 运费、保险费付至 Citigroup 花旗集团 Commercial Draft 商业汇票 Comparative costs 比较成本 Confucian heritage 孔子遗训 CPT: Carriage Paid to 运费付至 Curriculum Vitae 个人履历表 Cyberspace 网络空间 D/A: Documents against Acceptance 承兑交单 D/P after Sight: Documents against Payment after Sight 远期付款交单 D/P Sight: Documents against Payment at Sight 即期付款交单 David Ricardo 大卫李嘉图 英国经济学家 著有政治经济学几赋税原理 DDP: Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货 DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid 未完税交货 Dealer 经销商 Dilemma 困境 Distributor 分销商 Documentary Collection 跟单托收 E-commerce 电子商务 Egalitarian Europe “人人平等的欧洲” European Central Bank 欧洲中央银行 Expatriate employee 外派员工 EXW: Ex Work 工厂交货 FCA: Free Carrier 货交承运人 Federal Reserve Bank 美国联邦储备银行 FedEx 联邦快递，全球最大的快递公司 Flexible reward 灵活的奖励方式 FOB: Free on Board 船上交货价格, 离岸价格 Ford 美国福特汽车公司 Game theory 博弈论 Great Depression 1929 年至 1933 年的西方世界的经济大萧条 Greenback 美元（俚语） Holiday entitlement 员工休假权 Inflation 通货膨胀 Insight 洞察力 Intermediary 中介 Invisible hand “看不见的手” Irrevocable L/C 不可撤销信用证 James Bond 詹姆斯邦德，代号 007，全球知名的英式间谍形象 Job rotation 轮岗 Labor-intensive 劳动密集型 Lehman Brothers Inc 雷曼兄弟公司 Letter of Credit 信用证 Leverage 杠杆作用 M/T