2016年自考英语二教材课文讲义.docx

Unit 9 Facing Lifes ChallengesI. New words and expressionsNew words1. hurdle n. hurdles pl.跨栏赛；栏架，跨栏；难关，障碍2. negativen. 否定词；否定；拒绝 adj. 坏的；有害的3. despair v. 绝望；失去希望；丧失信心4. pettyadj. 小的：琐碎的；次要的5. individualadj. 一个人的；供一个人用的6. lane n. （比赛的）跑道，泳道7. spot n. 地点；场所；处所8. symbolizev. 象征；是的象征；代表symbol-ize常用的动词后缀：modernize, globalize, economize9.incrediblyadv. 极端地；极其credible 可靠的，可信的credibly变副词时需省略-e的形容词有simple, true, credible, believablesimply, truly, (in)credibly, (un)believably10. positive adj. 良好的；正面的11. tough adj. 艰苦的；艰难的；棘手的12.arisev. 发生；产生；出现arise from sth.区分：arouse / arisearouse ones anger / respect / sympathy13. lost adj. 不知所措的；一筹莫展的14. leap v. 跳跃15. yard n. 码16. inch n. 英寸17. cinch n. 很容易的事；小莱Phrases and Expressions1. line up 排成一行；站队；排队（等侯）2. end up最终成为；最后处于end up (in) doing sth. end up begging / being arrestedend up as a beggar / prisoner / millionaireend up in prison / debts3. keep up with（与）齐步前进；并驾齐驱；跟上4. pace oneself 调整自己的工作（或活动）节奏5. fit in （与）合得来；适应6. get over 解决；克服；控制7. wear out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦8. with ease 轻而易举地9. make it 获得成功10. fall over被绊倒；几乎被绊倒11. get lost 不知所措；一筹莫展12. look back on回首(往事)；回忆；回顾13. inch by inch 缓慢而谨慎地；一步一步14. at a time 每次；逐一；依次II. Text Learning300 Hurdles Life may give you a negative, but dont despair - it may justdevelop intoa beautiful picture one day. This year, I realized my theory that I have on life. Life is like a 300m hurdle race. Since I run the 300m hurdles, I would know what the race is like. The first thing to any race is worrying about whether you are going to win or not. This relates to worrying about the petty things in life. Does it really matter if you win? Is it really going to bethe end of the world?Or will you be upset if you lose and then forget about it? (1)In life we worry too much and live in the moment too little.（承上总结句） (2)Next is the lining up in our own individual lanes.We each start at different spots, but the race is still the same distance for everyone.（承上启下句） (3)This relates to our lives taking us to different places and putting us in different situations, buthopefullywe will end up in the same place, but maybe at different times. Now comes the beginning of the race. We all try to keep up with everyone andpace ourselves with other people. (4)This symbolizes thatat timesin everyones lives we worry, about fitting in or being the same as other people, instead of worrying about being unique.If everyone were the same, the world would beincredibly boring.本部分重点及难点：1. In life we worry too much and live in the moment too little.生活中，我们担心得太多，而活在当下太少。2. Next is the lining up in our own individual lanes.接下来的一步就是在我们自己的跑道站好，也就是各就各位。3. This relates to our lives taking us to different places and putting us in different situations, but hopefully we will end up in the same place, but maybe at different times.(1) relate to 涉及，有关(2) taking us to different places和putting us in different situations的逻辑主语都是our lives，作relate to的宾语。(3) end up in the same place 在同一个地方结束，即有同样的结局end up in prison / in debtsend up beggingend up as a beggar / prisoner4. This symbolizes that at times in everyones lives we worry, about fitting in or being the same as other people, instead of worrying about being unique.(1) at times: sometimes(2) fit in:合得来，适应(3) instead of: rather than Now comes the first hurdle. This hurdle is the easiest toget overbecause you are notworn outfrom running. We allmake itover this hurdlewith ease.This symbolizes those obstacles in life that we struggle to get over, but we always manage to do so.You can look at that hurdle in two ways: I cant make it over, Im too tired or I am one more hurdle closer to finishing this race.This is an example of taking a negative situation and seeing something positive in it.（承上句）The next part of the race is every hurdle between the first and last one.（主题句）These hurdles get tougher and tougher and you may feel as though you cant go on.This happens a lot in life too.（承上启下句）There may be a situation that arises where you feel as though you cant make it and all you can think about is giving up. You mayfall over that hurdleor struggle getting over it, but somehow you find it in yourself to jump over it and move on with the race. Next is that last 100m of the race. You feel as though you just want to say, No I cant do this. (5)Again, you must find it in yourself that you can do it, and you must finish the race stronger than when you had started it.本部分重点及难点：5. Again, you must find it in yourself that you can do it, and you must finish the race stronger than when you had started it.(1) find it in yourself that you can do it，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。(2) you must finish the race stronger than，stronger是主语的补语，说明主语的状态。例如：He died young / poor.名词也可以作主语的补语，说明主语的状态。例如：He died a beggar.She came from her marriage a stronger person. Now lastly is the last hurdle. This hurdle is the toughestout of all of them.(6)In life we find ourselves falling and falling, and maybe getting too lost in our problems that we feel like we have been through enough and theres no hope.That last hurdle symbolizes these situations.（承上句）Its one step close to the end of the race. Once you finish, you look back on it and you realize that you made it not by leaping, butstep by step.(7)Yard by yard, life is very hard. But inch by inch, life can be a cinch.本部分重点及难点：6. In life we find ourselves falling and falling, and maybe getting too lost in our problems that we feel like we have been through enough and theres no hope.生活中，我们发现自己不断跌倒，为种种问题所困扰，感觉自己历经重重磨难，仍然看不到希望。(1) find oneself falling and falling，现在分词作宾补。（可参考Unit 7, Text A）再如：When he came to, he found himself lying in hospital.He found himself surrounded by several boys.(2) be through 经过，历经；完成，结束（可参考Unit 5, Text B）7. Yard by yard, life is very hard. But inch by inch, life can be a cinch.一码一码地，生活很困难。但是一英寸一英寸地来，生活只是小菜一碟。即生活中我们要一步一个脚印，循序渐进。（注：1 yard=0.9144 meter, 1 inch=2.54 centimeters） (8)All it takes is one step at a time, one hurdle at a time.本部分重点及难点：8. All it takes is one step at a time, one hurdle at a time.(1) all=all that=what(2) at a time: separately一次，依次，每次Take the pills two at a time.区分：at one time: formerly一度，从前At one time I used to go skiing every winter.请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】19. Shenzhen was a small village _. A a time B one time C at a time D at one time【答案】D【解析】本题考查at one time和at a time的区别。at one time意为曾经，一度，at a time意为一次，每次，故选D。本句的意思是深圳曾经是个小渔村。【知识点】at one time和at a time的区别III. 部分练习讲解P256 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解题方法：把词分类动词 名词 形容词副词 介词 连词markmarkconfusedintentionally as opposed to even ifconfusedpotential likelyknown potentialcalled upon naturalGifts are those talents and abilities that flow almost effortlessly from us. Gifts are sometimes1confusedwith skills. While skills can be developed, gifts are something we are born with - they are what we discover as we try new things and find that some things are as2naturalto us as breathing.When we3intentionallymake a decision to create our life and work based on our gifts, were not only more4likelyto succeed, but can also more thoroughly enjoy the journey toward creating and realizing our full5potential.Take inventory of（评估） your life to determine where you are utilizing learned and developed skills6as opposed toexpressing and honoring your innate（与生俱来的）gifts. Are you operating based on what you think you ought to be doing or are you living an authentic life that is rich and fulfilling?7Even ifyou are not in a place to pursue a new career based on your gifts, look for ways to make your gifts8knownto others and demonstrate them in as many areas of your life as possible. The more your gifts are9called upon, the more naturally you will fully accept and promote those gifts. The more you express your life through your innate gifts, the more you will excel. Its a beautifullyself-perpetuating（能使自身永久存在的）process once you make the decision to begin.Your gifts are your signature, your unique paintbrushes - use them to express your greatness and make your greatness and make your10markon the world!I. New words and expressionsNew words1. stricken adj. 受煎熬的；患病的；遭受挫折的panic / grief / conscience / poverty-stricken2. polio n. 小儿麻痹症3. brace n. 双脚规形夹4. aid n. （某工作所需的）帮助，助手，辅助物5. crutch n. 腿脚受伤病人用的）腋杖6. awesome adj. 令人惊叹的；令人畏惧的7. majestically adv. 威严地；壮丽地8. undov. 打开；解开；拆开unfold 展开，打开uncover 发现，揭示，揭开（盖子）unload 卸货unearth9. clasp n. （包、皮带或首饰等的）搭扣，扣环10. tuck v. 把塞进狭窄的空间；把藏入11. chin n. 下巴12. conductorn. 乐队指挥conduct13. proceed v. 接着做；继而做14. ritual n. 程序；仪规；礼节15. reverently adv. 恭敬地；虔诚地16. bar n. （音乐）小节17. snap v. (使)断裂，绷断18. figure v. 认为，认定（某事将发生或属实）19. limp v. 瘸着走；跛行；蹒跚20. orchestra n. 管弦乐队21. purityn. 纯洁；纯净；纯粹purepuritypurify-ify: beautify, simplify, classify22. symphonic adj. 交响乐的23. modulate v. 变调；转调24. de-tune v. 使改变调子25. outburstn.（感情的）爆发，迸发burst out crying / laughing / singingburst into tears / laughter / angry words26. applausen. 鼓掌；喝彩applaud27. auditorium n. 礼堂；会堂28. appreciatev. 欣赏；赏识appreciateappreciative (of)29. brow n. 额头30. bow n. 琴弓31. boastfully adv. 自吹自擂地；自夸地boastboast of / about (doing) sth.boaster自夸的人，吹牛者32. pensive adj. 沉思的；忧伤的33. reverent adj. 非常尊敬的；深表崇敬的34. sacred adj. 上帝的；神的；神圣的35. shaky adj. 不稳固的；不牢靠；摇晃的；不确切的36. bewildering adj. 令人困惑的；使人糊涂的Phrases and Expressions1. with the aid of 在的辅助下2. make ones way去；前往；到地方去3. go off突然发出巨响4. at one point 在某个时刻5. all of a sudden突然；猛地II. Text LearningA Violin with Three Strings1 On Nov. 18, 1995, Itzhak Perlman, theviolinist, came on stage to give a concert at Avery Fisher Hall at Lincoln Center in New York City.2 (1)If you have ever been to a Perlman concert, you know that getting on stage isno small achievementfor him.He was stricken with polio as a child, and so he has braces on both legs and walks with the aid of two crutches. To see him walk across the stage one step at a time, painfully and slowly, is an awesome sight.3 He walks painfully, yet majestically, until he reaches his chair. Then he sits down, slowly, puts his crutches on the floor, undoes the clasps on his legs, tucks one foot back and extends the other foot forward. Then he bends down and picks up the violin, puts it under his chin, nods to the conductor and proceeds to play.4 By now, the audienceis used tothis ritual. They sitquietlywhile he makes his way across the stage to his chair. They remain reverently silent while he undoes the clasps on his legs. They wait until he is ready to play.5 But this time, somethingwent wrong. Just as he finished the first few bars, one of the strings on his violin broke. You could hear it snap - it went off like gunfire across the room. (2)There was no mistaking what that sound meant. There was no mistaking what he had to do.6 We figured that he would have to get up, put on the clasps again, pick up the crutches and limp his way off stage - to either find another violin or else find another string for this one. But he didnt. Instead, he waited a moment, closed his eyes and then signaled the conductor to begin again.7 The orchestra began, and he played from where he hadleft off. (3)And he played with such passion and such power and such purity as they had never heard before.本部分重点及难点：1. If you have ever been to a Perlman concert, you know that getting on stage isno small achievementfor him.Hes no actor. / He is not an actor.Youre no writer.no可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，用法上相当于not a / any，例如：He is no student. (not a)There are no classes on campus today. (not any)2. There was no mistaking what that sound meant. There was no mistaking what he had to do.There was no mistaking 不会弄错类似的结构：There is no denying (the fact) that 3. And he played with such passion and such power and such purity as they had never heard before.(1) suchasSuch a disaster as her car being stolen had never happened before. 像她的汽车被盗之类的祸事，以前从未发生过。Such advice as he was given proved almost worthless. 给他提的那类建议简直毫无价值。(2)本句译文：他的演奏那么有激情，那么有力量，那么纯粹，他们以前从来没有听到过。8 Of course, anyone knows that it is impossible to play a symphonic work with just three strings.I know that, and you know that, but that night Itzhak Perlman refused to know that.（承上启下句）You could see him modulating, changing,re-composingthe piece in his head. At one point, it sounded like he was de-tuning（调试）the strings to get new sounds from them that they had never made before.9 When he finished, there was an awesome silence in the room. And then people rose and cheered. There was an extraordinary outburst of applause from every corner of the auditorium. (4)We were all on our feet, screaming and cheering, doing everything we could to show how much weappreciatedwhat he had done.He smiled, wiped the sweat from his brow, raised his bow to quiet us, and then he said - not boastfully, but in a quiet,pensive, reverent tone -(5)You know, sometimes it is the artists task to find out how much music you can still make with what you have left.本部分重点及难点：4. We were all on our feet, screaming and cheering, doing everything we could to show how much we appreciated what he had done.(1) on ones feet 站立(2) screaming, cheering, doing everything we could现在分词作状语，表示伴随。(3) to show how much we appreciated what he had done不定式作状语，表示目的，修饰doing everything we could。(4) appreciateI will greatly appreciate your / you keeping it a secret.He helped me a lot. I really appreciate it.appreciative (of)appreciation(5) 译文：我们都站起来，尖叫着，欢呼着，用尽一切方式来表达我们是多么欣赏帕尔曼所做的一切。5. You know, sometimes it is the artists task to find out how much music you can still make with what you have left. 你们知道，有时候，艺术家的任务就是要弄清楚用自己所剩的还能创造出多少音乐(1) It is the