2012名师指津写作基础技能步步高1句子成分I主语谓语宾语.ppt

写作离不开句子, 要写好英语的句子, 首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成, 能充当这些成分的是各是什么词。 句子的组成部分分为：主语、谓语 、宾语、定语、状语、表语, 其中主语 与谓语是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本 单元复习主语、谓语和宾语。 一、主语 主话表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事 。 练习: 请找出下列句子的主语。 1.The boy comes from America. ( _ ) 2. He usually went to school alone. ( _ ) He代词作主语。 The boy名词作主语。 3. Studying English is very important. ( _ ) 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. ( _ )To teach him a lesson不定式短语作主语 Studying English动名词短语作主语。 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. ( _ ) 6. It is important for us to have our dreams. ( _ ) it形式主语to have our dreams不定式短 语作真正的主语。 That he won the prize主语从句作主语。 7. It is obvious that he was wrong. ( _ ) 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. ( _ ) it形式主语, crying over spilt milk动名词短 语作真正的主语。 it形式主语, that he was wrong 主语从句作 真正的主语。 主语一般由名词、_, 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包 括 _、_ 还有 _)。另外, 当句子的主语为 _、_ 或 _时, 主语部分太长, 为使句子平 衡, 避免头重脚轻, 常用it作形式主语。 主语从句 主格代词(I、she等) 不定式动名词主语从句 动名词短语不定式短语 二、 谓语 谓语说明主语的动作 (即主语做了什 么事)、状态或特征。谓语由动词或短语 动词充当, 或者由“系动词+表语”构成。 除了倒装等特殊情况外, 谓语总是位于主 语的后面, 即“主语 谓语”。 动词分为实义动词、连系动词、 情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作 谓语, 连系动词与表语一起构成谓语, 情态动词与动词原形构成合成谓语, 助 动词与动词的适当形式(如：原形、现 在分词、过去分词)共同构成谓语部分 。 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方 面要保持一致。 练习：请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓 语的构成：实义动词、连系动词+表语 、情态动词+动词的原形还是助动词+动 词的适当形式? 1. His parents are teachers. ( _ ) 2. The sun rises in the east. ( _ ) rises 实义动词。 are teachers 系动词+表语。 3. We have finished reading the book. ( _ ) 4. You ought to work harder. ( _ )ought to work 情态动词+动词原形。 have finished 助动词+动词的过去分词。 5. I felt cold. ( _ ) 6. He doesnt like music. ( _ )doesnt like 助动词+动词原形。 felt cold 连系动词+表语。 三、宾语 宾语是动词的动作对象。一般由 名词、宾格代词(me, her等), 或者相当 于名词的词、短语或从句充当 (包括不 定式、动名词还有宾语从句)。宾语可 分为直接宾语和间接宾语, 间接宾语说 明动作是对谁或为谁而做, 直接宾语则 是动作的承受者或结果。一般情况下, 宾语都在动词后面, 顺序是: 主语 谓 语 宾语。 练习：请找出下列句子的宾语。 1. He has never met her in person. ( _ ) 2. She handed him a book. ( _ ) 3. He likes to play basketball. ( _ ) to play basketball 不定式短语作宾语。 her 宾格代词作宾语。 him宾格代词作间接宾语, a book 名词作 直接宾语。 4. We enjoy listening to the music. ( _ ) 5. She said that she felt sick. ( _ ) that she felt sick 宾语从句作宾语。 listening to the music 动名词短语作宾语 。 6. They sent the injured to hospital. ( _ ) 7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. ( _ ) it形式宾语, 不定式短语to believe her any longer 作真正的宾语。 the injured 名词化的形容词作宾语。 8. We consider it no good getting up late. ( _ ) 9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. ( _ )it形式宾语, 宾语从句that h