2015江西高考新题型--短文填空解题技巧.ppt

2014语法填空 解题技巧 会昌中学 饶君玲 1、阅读/理解语篇的能力; 2、分析句子结构的能力; 3、熟练运用语法的能力。 1. 语法填空题能力要求 Whats the usual way you fulfill the Whats the usual way you fulfill the task Grammar Filling?task Grammar Filling? 三步完成三步完成: : 概读理解概读理解 分析填空分析填空 连贯检查连贯检查 语 法 词法 句法 章法 惯用法 v思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点 ，我们到底该怎样入手呢? Discuss with your group members Discuss with your group members about about garmmargarmmar of blanks from 21to 30 . of blanks from 21to 30 . 讨论归纳讨论归纳 语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词动词(verb)(verb)（ 或其适当形式）或其适当形式）、名词名词(noun)(noun)、代词、代词(pronoun)(pronoun)、冠、冠 词词(article)(article)、介词、介词(prep.)(prep.)、情态动词、情态动词(modal verbs)(modal verbs) 、连词、连词(conj)(conj)或引导词、形容词或引导词、形容词(adj.)(adj.)和副词和副词(adv.) (adv.) 考查各项语法内容。考查各项语法内容。 3.语法填空题空格设计 纯空格 介词，连词，代词，冠词， 从句引导词，情态动词， 助动词等 有 提 示 词 谓语动词，非谓语动词， 名词，形容词，副词， 形容词或副词的比较级或最高 级 3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out 3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket of the pocket 冠词或冠词或( (物主物主) )代词代词 无提示词 可数名词单数之前 1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the 1. There once were a goat and a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous perfectionist.perfectionist. thethe a a hishis 考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词, 物主代词的用法 讨论归纳讨论归纳 归纳总结： 如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数 名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填 冠词(a/the)、不定代词(any, no, some, all, every.)和形 容词性物主代词(my, her, their, its)，名词所有格等进 行修饰。 连词或从句引导词连词或从句引导词 无提示词 两个主谓结构连接 1. It was not long 39_ the waitress came 1. It was not long 39_ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. suddenly was surprised at what she saw. 2. 2. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _ it was impossible to control it. beforebefore 考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法 讨论归纳讨论归纳 they just make the most of everything that _(come) along their way. comes 例7. .The country life he was used to _ （change ）greatly since the opening policy was carried out. has changed 非谓语动词非谓语动词 有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_ (receive) the gift. 32_ (receive) the gift. 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) the rest! _ (complete) the rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored her. her. receivingreceiving to completeto complete includedincluded 考查语法点: 非谓语动词及变形的使用 讨论归纳讨论归纳 技巧2 ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并 列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若 是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式， done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形 式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系 。 例10. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book. to memorize 例11. _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary Speaking 注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用doing / being done形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用 to do / to be done形式表示具体情况或将来 ；作状语用having done / having been done表示已发生。 例12. _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. To complete 例14. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong- willed, are very likely _(success.) to succeed 注意 ：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一 般用to do形式。 例13. The young student did all that he could _ (pass)the examinations. to pass 例15. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night willl be very dark.” saying 注意 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件 状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形 式。 例16. There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the film. learned 注意 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰 词之间的关系确定形式。 starting 例17. .Lessons_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 例18. At 9:07pm, Sept.25, The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was lifted by the long March -F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou VII is Chinas third manned space venture since October 23, when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries _(send) astronauts itno space. 注意 ：名词前有 first, second,last, only 修饰时，后面要用to do / to have done 做后 置定语。 to have sent the only 例19. Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _（ repair） go wrong again. 注意 ：固定结构如： have sth. done , see sth. done, the way to do 等。 repaired 例20. Can you tell me the way you thought of _ (work )out the problem. to work 词性转换词性转换 有提示词 介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词 修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个 句子 1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 2. One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever 2. One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher made was for my high school English teacher 5. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ 5. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. and a Chinese-English within easy reach. rudelyrudely worstworst suggestionsuggestion 考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化 讨论归纳讨论归纳 技巧2 ：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分 。 dangerous例19. In a _(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to 例20. There must be something_ (serious) wrong with our society. seriously varieties 例21. . Zheng Shouying, a professor at the Ford Science and Technology College of Nanjing Agriculture University, believes Chinese should learn to pick the best milk from the _(vary) that fill store shelves. harder 例23. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even _(hard) and finally made himself out. unnecessary 例22. Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessity) work in the office. 请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题1 挖出你认 为会考的10个空； 2 注明理由（比如：介词+名词）； 3 时间：3分钟。 More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape. 考点分布 考点数量 动词动词 (谓语谓语 /非谓语谓语 ) 名词词 连词连词 (从属连词连词 /并列连连 词词) 介词词 代词词 冠词词 形容词词 副词词 More than 220 people were killed in the fire _1_ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _2_ the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _3_ of the office building were completely destroyed. _4_ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _5_on the 11th floor. _6_knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an _7_(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8_ it was impossible to control _9_ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _10_(escape). One possible version More than 220 people were killed in the fire _ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _ the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _ of the office building were completely destroyed. _ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. which/that before floors The Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _ on the 11th floor. _