2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit5StressandMemory学案重庆大学版.docx

Unit 5Stress and Memory一、单词写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.abandonvt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃2.worthwhileadj. 值得(做)的3.reward n报答，奖赏；报酬vt.报答，奖励rewardingadj.有报酬的，有益的，值得的4.ignorant adj.无知的，缺乏教育的ignorancen无知，愚昧ignorevt.忽视，不理，不顾5.stress n压力，强调，重音vt.强调；重读stressedadj.紧张的，有压力的stressfuladj.紧张的，压力重的6.comfort n舒适，安逸，慰藉vt.安慰，使舒适comfortableadj.舒适的，充裕的uncomfortableadj.不舒服的，不自在的7.basically adv.基本上，主要地basicadj.基本的；初级的n.基础；根本basen基础v.以为据点8.balance vt.使平衡；称；权衡n.平衡；天平；结存balancedadj.均衡的，平衡的9.commit vt.犯 (错误等)；干(蠢事等)commitmentn承诺；保证10.power n权力；(能)力；电力powerfuladj.有权势的，有影响力的；强有力的powerlessadj.无能力的；无权的11.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；容许tolerationn容忍；忍受tolerantadj.宽容的，容忍的tolerancen宽容；容忍12.effort n努力；努力的成果effortlessadj.不费力的effortlesslyadv.容易地13.helpless adj.无助的；无能的；无力的helplessnessn无助；无能1.Everyone in the world has its own bitterness and a sense of helplessness (helpless)2. Youll absorb your new language effortlessly (effort) without any reading, writing or computer use in this new way.3.I admire you for your tolerance,_because you can tolerate things which cant be tolerant.(tolerate)4.Basically,_his income only meets basic living expenses. So he only chooses a lifestyle based on his own personal tastes.(base)5.After he came to power,_everyone said he was a powerful leader, but he felt so powerless that he even couldnt save his daughter.(power)6.We all recognize when we will be in stressful situations, and we also know when we will feel stressed.(stress)7.“Dont be disappointed.” he comforted his friend. “Lets go to the beach and the sunlight and wind will make you more comfortable.”(comfort)8.The naughty boy made a commitment to his teacher that he would never commit the same mistake again.(commit)1.“力”之种种power n权力；电力energy n. 精力；能量force n. 力气；暴力strength n. 力气；实力violence n. 暴力2“忽视，遗漏”词汇多多ignore 忽视miss 漏掉，错过overlook 忽略，忽视neglect 忽视，忽略leave out 遗漏3.“放弃”词语集锦abandon放弃；抛弃desert 遗弃，放弃quit 放弃；停止give up 投降，放弃4后缀less形容词大全helpless 无助的powerless 无权的，无能力的stressless 无压力的effortless 轻松的，不费力的selfless 无私的，忘我的aimless 无目的的useless 无用的meaningless 毫无意义的5聚焦ful后缀形容词stressful 紧张的，压力重的awful 可怕的；极讨厌的doubtful 怀疑的；不确定的forgetful 健忘的；不注意的graceful 优美的；优雅的grateful 感激的；感谢的powerful 有权势的，有影响力的二、短语写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.stay_calm保持冷静2.even_if/though 即使，虽然3.feel_unsure_about_. 对感觉不确定4.a_small/large_amount_of_. 少/大量的5.for_instance 例如，比如6.work_on_sth._. 从事于7.let_go_of 松手，放开8.in_a_positive_way 以积极的方式9.be_impressed_with 对有深刻的印象10.related_to 与相关11.seek_to_do_sth. 寻找；探索12.without_any_thought 不加任何考虑13.from_day_to_day 一天天地14.blend_._with_. 把与混合1.Problems to be discussed at the meeting are related_to your work efficiency.2.He said his players needed to focus on the game and stay_calm whenever unexpected incidents occurred on the court.3.You cannot rely on her; for_instance,_she arrived an hour late for an important meeting yesterday.4.If you feel_unsure_about how to operate the machine, consult your instructions.5.Give them positive feedback (反馈) as much as you can, even_if/though its just a good word.1.stay短语一览stay calm保持冷静stay in (晚上)待在家里stay behind 留下来stay on 留下继续工作(学习)stay up 熬夜stay out 夜不归宿2.“forn.”短语荟萃for instance例如for example 例如for fun/pleasure 为了好玩for good 永远地for sale 待售；出售for sure 确保；一定三、句式背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.Being tired makes it easier for us to get sick and to develop physical problems related to stress.疲劳使我们更容易生病，并由此导致与压力有关的生理问题。make it adj. for sb. to do sth.“使做某事对某人来说”，it是形式宾语，后面的不定式是真正的宾语。成本不断上涨，生意很难做成。Rising costs made_it_hard to carry on business.2.Even if we change only small things at first, this will show us that we are not helpless and that we do have some freedom to change our lives.即使起初我们只是改变一些小事情，这也会表明我们不是无能为力的，并且我们的确有自由改变我们的生活。even ifeven though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。允许孩子们有发表自己观点的空间，即使不同于你自己的观点。Allow children the space to voice their opinions even_if/though_they_are_different_from your own.第一板块核心单词归纳集释1stress n强调；压力；重音vt.加压力于；强调；重读教材原句Other people are uncomfortable with any stress at all; they soon become unhappy if they feel stressed.另外一些人有任何压力都会感到不舒服。如果他们感到有压力，不久就会变得不高兴。(1)under stress在压力之下put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物(2)stress the importance of 强调的重要性stress that . 强调(3)stressful adj. 紧张的；压力重的I must stress_that everything Ive told you is strictly confidential.我必须强调，我告诉你的一切都要严加保密。Things can easily go wrong when people are under_stress.人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。The life of a high school student is usually active, exciting and full of fun, but it can be stressful (stress) sometimes.高中生的生活通常是积极的、令人激动的、充满快乐的，但有时候也有压力。2balance vt.使平衡；称；权衡n.天平；平衡；结存；余额经典例句We were struggling to keep our balance as the boat rolled.小船猛烈颠簸，我们努力保持着平衡。(1)keep/break the balance of nature保持/打破生态平衡keep ones balance 保持平衡lose ones balancebe out of balance 失去平衡keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B之间的平衡(2)balance sth.against 权衡；斟酌；比较(3)balanced adj. 保持(或显示)平衡的keep a balanced diet 保持饮食均衡When he was running after his brother, the boy lost_his_balance and had a bad fall.(2015湖北高考多选)当这个男孩追赶弟弟的时候，他失去了平衡，狠狠地摔了一跤。You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。熟词生义读句子猜含义Apart from the expenses of your travelling, the current balance in your account is 1,182.余额3abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；丢弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵；使听任n.放任；放纵 高考佳句They should abandon playing computer and cheating in the exams.(2015广东高考满分作文)他们应该放弃玩电脑，不在考试中作弊。(1)abandon ones hope/plan/idea 放弃某人的希望/计划/主意abandon oneself to . 沉溺于；纵情于abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地(3)abandoned adj. 无约束的；被遗弃的；放荡的be abandoned to 沉湎于They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan for lack of money.因为缺少资金，他们放弃了执行这项计划。Feeling frustrated, I found myself abandoning myself to playing (play) computer games.感到沮丧，我发现自己沉湎于玩电脑游戏。The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with_abandon.那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。名师指津abandon oneself to中的to是介词，其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。.基础点全练(单句语法填空)1I dont think it is worthwhile taking/to_take (take) the trouble to explain the question to him. 2Itll take about three hours if everything goes smoothly (smooth)3Its obvious that the teacher cannot tolerate eating (eat) in class. 4Its vital that a successful movie (should)_pay (pay) much attention to its theme and the figures characters.5Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015安徽高考单选).重难点多练1balance万花筒(1)单句语法填空You are working too hard.Youd better keep a balance between work and relaxation.You should balance the advantages against the disadvantages before you give up your present job.Youd better keep a balanced (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段We should try our best to keep_a_balance (保持平衡) between the environment and nature. Sometimes, overdevelopment can break_the_balance (打破平衡) of ecology. Once nature loses_its_balance (失去平衡), it will bring us many disasters.2abandon全练通(1)一句多译他抽烟成瘾，从而得了肺癌。As he abandoned_himself_to_smoking,_he suffered from lung cancer.Abandoning_himself_to_smoking,_he suffered from lung cancer.(使用现在分词短语作状语)Abandoned_to_smoking,_he suffered from lung cancer.(使用过去分词短语作状语)(2)用所给词的适当形式填空The boy felt abandoned (abandon) by the world. So he abandoned himself (he) to playing computer games and thought that life was boring. His teacher and classmates helped him abandon (abandon) the idea and abandon playing (play) computer games with their love.3stress点点练(1)一句多译他强调了良好教育的重要性。He stressed_the_importance_of a good education.(stress v)He laid/placed/put_stress_on_the_importance_of a good education.(stress n)Stress was_laid/placed/put_on_the_importance_of a good education by him.(2)翻译句子我想强调的是每个人都应该更多地倾听他人。What_I_want_to_stress_is_that_each_of_us_should_listen_more_to_others.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出reward的词性和词义(A)n.报答(B)n.赏金(C)n.报酬 (D)vt.奖赏；给报酬1We rewarded him for finding our lost cat._D_2It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. _C_3An act of kindness deserves a reward._A_4To be honest, half the reward should be mine._B_ 第二板块短语句型归纳集释1work on sth. .从事于高考佳句After that, I regained my enthusiasm for English and spent much more time and energy working on this particular subject.(2014福建高考满分作文)从那以后，我重新获得了对英语的热情，并把更多的时间和精力用于这个特别学科的学习上。work at致力于work out 理解；解决；算出，制订出out of work 失业I believe that you can work_out this problem by yourself.我相信你自己能做出这道题的。The law to be carried out next month will benefit those who are out_of_work.将于下个月颁布的法律会使失业者受益。2be impressed with (by/at)对有深刻的印象教材原句You are impressed with his intellect and how quickly his mind works to solve your problem.你对他的智力以及为了解决你的问题他的头脑如此快速的工作印象深刻。(1)impress sb.with .(某事)给某人留下印象impress sth.on/upon sb./ones memory 使某人铭记某事(2)impression n. 印象；印记leave/make/have an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象(3)impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的；感人的The little boy impressed me with his big, bright eyes the first time I saw him.第一次见到这个小男孩时，他明亮的大眼睛就给我留下了深刻的印象。My father impressed on/upon me the value of hard work.父亲要我牢记努力工作的重要性。The new teacher made/left/had_a_good_impression_on the students by her rich knowledge and humorous talk.那位新老师以丰富的知识和幽默的语言给同学们留下了很好的印象。3Being tired makes_it_easier_for_us_to_get sick and to develop physical problems related to stress.疲劳使我们更容易生病，并由此导致与压力有关的生理问题。(1)句中是“make宾语宾语补足语”结构。it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。(2)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。People in the West make it a rule to_buy (buy) Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。We have made_him_our_monitor,_for he is more capable of dealing with tough issues.我们选他为班长，因为他更有能力处理棘手的问题。名师指津(1)在“make宾语宾语补足语”这一结构中，当“独一无二的官衔”的名词作补足语时，名词前无冠词。(2)在英语中，动词let, make, have, feel, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, hear等后要跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。.基础点全练1单句语法填空Im sorry to hear that his son suffers memory loss related to his disease.We have decided to visit the Museum tomorrow even if/though it rains.All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work.Mr Green is thought to_be (be) an expert in this field.The police are looking into the matter related to drug abuse.We seek to_find (find) a way to get along well with the people around us.Dont make a decision without any thought.This is such a difficult question as nobody can work out.2运用所学短语完成片段My grandpa is over 60 years old, but he spends a_large_amount_of (大量的) time doing_regular_exercise (进行日常锻炼) every morning.He is very optimistic and deals with the difficulties in_a_positive_way (以积极的方式). He is kind and generous to his neighbors. For_instance (例如), whenever his neighbors are in trouble, he will try his best to help them without_any_thought (不加任何考虑).重难点多练be impressed with 多角度(1)用impress的适当形式填空The young man does make a good impression on everybody he meets.While the list will be long, it will not be all that impressive.What impressed me was their ability to deal with a problem.(2)一句多译 此外，还有琳琅满目的特色小吃，我认为这将给你留下深刻的印象。Whats_more,_there_are_various_special_snacks,_which_I_think_will_impress_you_deeply.(impress)Whats_more,_there_are_various_special_snacks,_which_I_think_will_leave/have/make_a_deep/good_impression_on_you.(impression) 课堂练牢基础.单句语法填空1Balanced (balance) diet and proper exercise can keep you free from disease.2A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression (impress) as one deed.3In some experts opinion, living conditions on the Mars are very hard to_tolerate (tolerate)4We have decided to visit the Museum tomorrow even if/though it rains.5They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.6Greatly inspired, the students made up their minds to work at English even harder.7A man should not only commit himself (he) to his work but also to his family.8What confused her was the truth that Tom felt unsure about himself.9It is worthwhile visiting/to_visit (visit) the place for a second time.10Are you familiar with the computer software they use?.单句改错1I cant tolerate you speak to your mother in such a rude manner.speakspeaking2Lisa, though abandoning by her own parents three decades ago, badly longed to know where they were at present.abandoningabandoned3The Internet makes possible for us to learn all important things that have happened at home and abroad.makes后加it4She bought the new computer at request of her three children.at后加the5It was not until she got home when Jane realized she had lost her keys.whenthat_6The government should raise citizens awareness of keeping a balance of nature.athe7Mary worked hard and tried to get her works recognizing in the art circles.recognizingrecognized_8Teachers should impress the children on the virtue of always telling the truth.onwith.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Mr Li, our English teacher, is considered to be one of the best teachers in our school. He has worked_on (从事于) English teaching for 20 years. On the one hand, he is strict in his work. He often prepares his lessons late into night. He always works_out (制定出) a plan for his each class and spends plenty of time studying the teaching method. His class is very interesting and lively. Therefore (Therefore/And/But) we seem_to_be (好像) more interested in his class. On the other hand, he is very strict with us. We make small mistakes sometimes, but he will punish us severely. But we all like and respect him. (二)按要求将词汇句式升级1用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)is considered to beis_thought_to_be_(2)plenty ofa_large_amount_of_2按要求改写句式(1)用“make宾语宾补”结构改写句He_makes_his_class_very_interesting_and_lively.(2)用even if/though改写句Even_if/though_we_make_small_mistakes_sometimes,_he_will_punish_us_severely.课下练熟高考“阅读七选五完形”组合练练题型(限时：35分钟).阅读理解(2017南宁市高中毕业班适应性测试)Like the bodys muscles, bones, and other vital organs, the brain feels the effect of aging. Through years of constant use and biological wear and tear, the brain gradually loses some of its sharpness in processing information. As people begin to age, they may begin to have problems with memory. One of the most noticeable problem areas involves the temporary forgetting of names. Actually everyone has this problem in older age.It is important to note that normal agerelated memory loss does not indicate losing intelligence or ability to learn. The brain may simply need more time to recall information from memory or to learn new information. Simple forgetfulness is not a disease. Studies on learning and memory provide an active area of research for many neuroscientists. In general, how the brain selects and stores information falls into three categories. Each category serves a distinct purpose and is generally independent of intelligence or level of education. Memory categories include：Shortterm/Temporary recollection.If you are calling the florist (花商), you look up the phone number and remember it long enough to place the call. Once you have finished the call, the information disappears. If you were interrupted before making the call, you may lose this material.Longterm (recent)This category preserves the recent past, such as what you had for breakfast today, or the outfit that you wore a few days ago.Longterm (remote)This records the distant past. These memories, learned 10 or 20 years ago, form your knowledge base. This category can include a conversation or a tune from your high school fight song. Other information in this memory store shapes your personal history, such as what you were doing the day President John Kennedy was assassinated (刺杀)Aging does not generally affect shortor longterm(remote) memory. These functions are wellpreserved. However, longterm (recent) memory often declines with age. To store and regain recent information from longterm(recent) memory, the brain performs a complex chain of chemical and electrical functions involving nerve cells. As one ages, some of these cells may deteriorate and function less efficiently.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。 随着年龄的增长，人们的记忆力也会逐渐衰退，但这并不意味着人们丧失了智力或学习能力。本文讲述了人的几种记忆，年龄增长只会影响其中的一种。1.The following is discussed in the passage EXCEPT_.Athe relationship between aging and memory lossBcategories of how our brain selects and stores informationCsymptoms of agerelated memory lossDsolutions of agerelated memory loss解析：选D 细节理解题。 根据第一段第三句、第二段第五句和第二段第二句可知，A、B、C三项都是这篇文章讨论过的内容。根据排除法可知答案选D。2Which of the following is an example of longterm (remote) memory?AA phone conversation with your friend last week.BYour favorite teacher in primary school.CFoods that you ordered in a restaurant the other day.DA new phone number you remembered just now.解析：选B推理判断题。 根据倒数第二段中的“Longterm (remote)This records the distant past. These memories, learned 10 or 20 years ago”可知，longterm (remote) memory 涉及的是多年前的记忆信息。由此可推断，B项“你最喜欢的小学老师”符合题意。故答案选B。3. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the word “deteriorate” in the last paragraph?AWorsen.BDie.CStrengthen. DDevelop.解析：选A词义猜测题。 根据画线词后的“and function less efficiently” 可推知，人年老的时候，神经细胞功能减弱，说明它们退化了，导致人的记忆力下降。由此可推出，deteriorate 意为“退化，恶化”，与worsen的意思接近。故答案选A。 4From what kind of magazine can you possibly read the passage above?AHealth.BHuman resources.CGenetic engineering. DBu