天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习第三部分阅读理解专题能力训练十四阅读理解五.docx

专题能力训练十四阅读理解(五)A(2017天津和平区二模,D)Saying “Im sorry” when youve hurt someone can be a hard thing to do.Were stubborn creatures,after all,and dont love dealing with it when were wrong.But apologizing,and meaning it,is an important part of the forgiveness process.Michael McCullough made a research and found that the most sincere,forgiveness-inducing apologies include saying “Im sorry”,offering to make up for the wrongdoing in some way,and taking responsibility.And the reason why they work so well is largely based on principles of evolution;the apologies make the transgressor(犯错的人) seem more valuable as a relationship partner,and also help the victim feel less at risk of getting hurt again.One basic scientific implication of the results is that the human psychology of conflict resolution is unusually similar to that of animals which live in groups.“Many group-living animals,particularly mammals,seem to use peace-making gestures as signals of their desire to end conflict and restore cooperative relationships with other individuals after aggressive conflict has occurred,”McCullough said.“We seem to reach a common view on this point.”“I would say that empathy(情感共鸣) is a part of good mental health,and that could be a part of the natural selection process,too,”Bethany Marshall says.“Humans with empathy tend to be healthier and make better choices in life,while those who are aggressive dont tend to do as well.”And having empathy when youve hurt someone,she says,is the best way to apologize.“The most important thing is that you feel the other persons pain,”she explains.“So instead of using logic to explain or defend,look inward to identify why you did the bad thing.Then convey that to them and say that you would like to make it better.That counts.”You can make it even better by making sure to act differently the next time aroundwhat the study authors referred to as “compensation”(补偿).But what tends to happen often,says Marshall,is that people get defensive about what theyve done,or even mad at the person theyve wronged.So watch your response,because the worst apology,she adds,“is one where the victim is blamed.”【语篇导读】这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了当我们做了错事并伤害了别人时,向其道歉的方式是很重要的。1.When you hurt someone and apologize,it means .A.you wont take risk of getting hurtB.you put a good value on a sincere partnerC.you have to pay a price for your wrongdoingD.you are ready to be responsible答案:D解析:细节理解题。由第二段第一句中andtakingresponsibility可知,当你伤害了某个人,又向其道歉,这就表明你已做好准备为此而负责。2.In the experiment,McCullough find that .A.animals are more cooperative with other individualsB.humans psychology is very close to animals when dealing with conflictsC.aggressive conflicts arent easy to end among animalsD.signal gestures may help end conflicts答案:B解析:细节理解题。由第三段第一句“Onebasicscientificimplicationoftheresultsisthatthehumanpsychologyofconflictresolutionisunusuallysimilartothatofanimalswhichliveingroups.”可知,McCullough在研究中发现在处理冲突时人的心理和动物的心理十分相似。3.According to Marshall,people with empathy tend to .A.defend themselves for what they have doneB.try to explain why they do something logicallyC.find fault with themselves seriouslyD.show aggressive behaviors in life答案:C解析:细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“Soinsteadofusinglogictoexplainordefend,lookinwardtoidentifywhyyoudidthebadthing.”可知,Marshall认为,有情感共鸣的人常会找出自身的错误。故C项正确。4.To make up for the wrongdoing,you need to .A.convey the bad things to othersB.experience the other persons painC.be careful of your responseD.promise to behave yourself well next time答案:D解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知,作为补偿,你要保证下次你不会这么做,要表现得好一点,故选D项。5.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Why apologizing in the right way mattersB.How you accept apologizing of othersC.When it is suitable to apologizeD.What you will make an apology for答案:A解析:主旨大意题。这篇文章说明了当你伤害了别人时你应该道歉,努力找出自身的错误,并保证下次你不会这么做。故A项为文章主旨。BI recently traveled to San Francisco for some meetings and found myself with a half day to kill.My options:The 49ers first game of the season,against the Green Bay Packers.The Americas Cup sailing races.Or I could get lost.After a pretty long line at the car rental center,I was free.So I disappeared into the fog and clouds shrouding(笼罩) the Pacific Coast Highway and headed south with absolutely no destination in mind.I drove through tunnels carved out of the mountains and stopped at a few state beaches;at one,I watched a wedding out on the cliffs(悬崖) among the crashing waves.Back in the car,I drove toward San Gregorio,a town that you can easily miss.I know because I drove right through it and ended up on a pine tree-bordered road that felt like it would go on forever.A few people moved around outside the San Gregorio General Store,smoking cigarettes and talking about the motorcycles theyve owned over the years.Inside,I found a bar with regular customers,a guitar duo,and,of course,a full-on store.I ordered a Pacifico,grabbed a seat,and watched the guitarists perform.Then I congratulated them,threw a couple of wrinkled dollars in their bucket,and walked back out into the world.The day could have been so different:crammed(挤) into a stadium or bar half-watching sports.But this was much more rewarding.Hours prior,I was on a flight.Then I was out on my own,having an unexpected and unrepeatable experience.I learned something on September 8:Dont be afraid to get loston purpose or otherwiseand have zero expectations.It will be good for you.I promise.【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己一次没有目的的旅行及收获。6.The author decided to get lost because .A.he had no choice about what to doB.he had no interest in sports at allC.he was bored with the dull meetingsD.he wanted to experience something special答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据前两段可知,作者有半天的空闲时间,尽管有很多选择,他还是选择没有目的的旅行,说明他想发现意外的惊喜。7.After renting the car,the author .A.headed straight for San GregorioB.attended a friends weddingC.decided to go to the beachD.drove away aimlessly答案:D解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的“.headedsouthwithabsolutelynodestinationinmind.”可知,作者租好车以后就漫无目的地出发了。8.What did the author think of his experience in San Gregorio?A.It was adventurous.B.It was pleasant.C.It was challenging.D.It was ordinary.答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Butthiswasmuchmorerewarding.havinganunexpectedandunrepeatableexperience.”可知,作者在SanGregorio的经历让他很愉悦。9.What can we learn from the authors experience?A.Get lost and you wont be disappointed.B.A good beginning makes a good ending.C.Life is a journey,not a destination.D.Travel helps to broaden the mind.答案:A解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为这种漫无目的的旅游会有意外收获。10.The author seems to advise us to .A.enjoy our journeyB.plan a trip carefullyC.keep calm if we get lostD.try a journey without purpose答案:D解析:作者意图题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知作者建议大家也像他一样尝试一下这种漫无目的的旅游。CYoung people are spending unbelievable sums of money listening to rock music around the world.Forbes reports that at least fifty rock stars have incomes between two million and six million dollars per year.“It doesnt make sense,”says Johnny Mathis,one of the older music millionaires,who made a million dollars a year when he was popular in 1950s.“Performers arent worth this kind of money.In fact,nobody is.”But the rock stars admirers seem to disagree.Those who love rock music spend about two billion dollars a year for records.They pay 150 million to see rock stars in person.Luck is a key word for explaining the success of many.In 1972,one of the luckiest was Kon McLean,who wrote and sang “American Pie”.McLean writes his own music,so he earns an additional two cents on every single record of the song.Neil Young who performs in torn blue jeans,sometimes sings to an audience of 10,000,each of whom has paid five dollars for a ticket.After paying expenses,Young leaves with about $18,000 in his blue jeans at the end of an evening.How do the rock stars use their money?What do they do when the money starts pouring in like water?Most of the young stars simply show the money around.Englands Elton John gave someone a $38,000 Rolls Royce car and bought himself 5,000 pairs of eyeglasses,then lighted up and spelt E-L-T-O-N.He also bought himself two cars,“one for each foot”.Many rock stars live like Grace Slick and Jefferson Airplane.Those performers return from a tour,pay their bills,and buy new toys.Then when they need money again,they do another tour.They save no money and live from hand to mouth.In the end the rock stars life is unrewarding.After two or three years riches and fame are gone.Left with his memories and his tax problems,the lonely star spends his remaining years trying to attract strangers.New stars have arrived to take his place.【语篇导读】一些摇滚歌星当红时收入高得惊人,他们往往花钱如流水。而两三年后,他们被新的明星所取代,财富与名气都已失去,留给他们的只有回忆和经济困扰。11.What does Johnny Mathis think of rock stars incomes?A.Reasonable.B.Acceptable.C.Absurd.D.Annoying.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Itdoesntmakesense.”及“Performersarentworththiskindofmoney.Infact,nobodyis.”可知,JohnnyMathis认为摇滚歌星的收入是不合理的。reasonable“合理的”;acceptable“可接受的”;absurd“不合理的,荒谬的”;annoying“使恼怒的,使烦恼的”。12.According to Paragraph 5,how much does Neil Young pay for the performance?A.$10,000.B.$28,000.C.$32,000.D.$38,000.答案:C解析:细节理解题。根据第五段可知,有时NeilYoung有10,000名观众,票价为五美元一张,而最终他获得18,000美元的收益,由此可知,他为这场演出要付32,000美元。13.The underlined phrase “live from hand to mouth” means they .A.earn money only for their immediate enjoymentB.know how to spend money in a reasonable wayC.have to earn money by handD.steal to feed their mouth when they need money答案:A解析:句意理解题。根据画线部分前的“Theysavenomoney”可知,此处表示他们赚钱就是为了眼前的享受。14.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Enjoying rock music doesnt cost much money.B.Many rock stars lost their fame and money eventually.C.Rock stars like traveling very much.D.Most rock stars can handle their earnings properly.答案:B解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句可知,许多摇滚歌星最终都会失去名气和金钱。15.This passage mainly talks about .A.rock stars and their fansB.rock stars and their moneyC.rock stars and their successD.rock stars and their tour答案:B解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了摇滚歌星及他们的收入,因此选择B项。DCheck out these stories of some animals.ThecatHomerHomer the blind cat weighs only four pounds.Gwen Cooper adopted him when he was three weeks old.One night his growling(狂吠) wakes up Cooper.Hes never growled before.Surprised,Cooper opens her eyes.A burglar is standing at the foot of her bed!Cooper reaches for her phone to call 911.“Dont do that!” the burglar says.The sound of his voice shows his exact location,and blind Homer leaps.No match for a cat with sharp claws,the would-be robber flees.ThedogGeoGeo follows 10-year-old Charlie Riley everywhere.One day Charlie,his mom,and two younger brothers are standing at a street corner.Geo is sitting at Charlies side.Suddenly,an out-of-control truck is heading straight for Charlie!But Geo makes a flying leap.“He hits me so hard that I fall over,” Charlie says.The speeding truck hits Geo instead.Geo is rushed to the animal hospital.“My dog could have died,” Charlie says.ThedogTeddyIts 3 a.m.in West Jordan,Utah.A mother and two children stand outside as firefighters hose(用软管浇) water on their burning house.“Is anybody inside?” the firemen ask.The mom says no,because she feels certain that her older son escaped out the back.But just to be sure,Don Chase and his partner plunge(冲入) through the flames to look.And what do they find?Teddy the pet dog standing by the door.Chase reaches for him,but Teddy runs down the basement stairs.Midway down,he stops and waits.But just as the firemen reach him,he takes off again.“Im really maddened,”Chase says.“Were wasting time chasing a dog when we should be searching for human victims.”Then they see himthe older son,unconscious on a basement couch.Grabbing his legs and chest,the astonished firemen move him to safety,as Ted