高考英语一轮复习基醇点聚焦Unit22EnvironmentalProtection北师大版.docx

Unit 22 Environmental Protection 话题：自然(Nature)1.storm n暴风雨2.powerful adj.强大的3.typhoon n.台风4.rescue v.援救；营救5.natural adj.自然的6.wild adj.野生的；荒凉的7.hurricane n.飓风8.damage v&n.损害；损坏9.decrease v.减少10.earthquake n.地震11.victim n.灾民12.sand storm沙尘暴13.get involved in涉及14.die out灭绝15 disasterhit area灾区16.come to rescue前来救援17.rescue work救援工作18.be trapped in ruins被困废墟中19.lie in ruins变为废墟20.economic loss经济损失1.We will meet at 8：00 am at the gate, where a blue bus will be waiting.我们将在上午8：00在大门口见面，在那里一辆蓝色公共汽车会等着我们。2.I have learned from your letter that you are concerned about the smog which frequently appears in some areas of China.我从你的信中得知，你很担心在中国一些地区频繁出现的雾霾现象。3.Only when everyone take it seriously will we be able to have a beautiful home.只有每个人都重视了，我们才能有一个美丽的家园。(2017哈尔滨九中高三模拟)假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文的形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。要点：时间：下周六上午 8：00 至 11：00；内容：采摘苹果；报名：办公室，下周四下午 5：00 前；提示：带帽子、手套。Dear neighbors，We are happy to announce that our community is going to organize an activity for all the community members. Next Saturday, we are going to pick apples in a village 20 kilometers away from our town, and all are welcome. We will meet at 8：00 am at the gate, where a blue bus will be waiting. Our outdoor activity will last 3 hours, and well be back at about 11 oclock.If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 pm next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements. We suggest that you bring with you a hat and a pair of gloves. We are looking forward to your joining us in this activity.Community Office1ecology n生态2consultant n.顾问3principle n.原则，道德准则4boycott n.(联合)抵制5bounce vi.反弹6coincidence n.巧合7federal adj.联邦的8rough adj.艰难的9hurricane n.飓风10mainland n.大陆11grand adj.巨大的12changeable adj.多变的13catastrophe n.巨大的灾难14mountainous adj.多山的15fragile adj.易毁的；脆弱的1trap vt.使困住2beyond prep.超出3sacrifice vt.& vi.牺牲；献出4advocate vt.主张，提倡5substitute n.代替品，代用品6seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取7arm vt.武装8means n.方法9slide vi.滑行10flee vt. & vi.逃走11plug vt.塞住12carve vt. & vi.雕刻13slip vi.滑落14recycle vt.回收利用 15behalf n.代表16condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地1reserve n保护区 vt.保留；预订reserved adj.预定的，保留的reservation n保留；预订；保护2relevant adj.有关的relevance n相关3agriculture n农业agricultural adj.农业的4threaten vt.威胁threat n威胁threatening adj.威胁的；恐吓的5separation n分离，分开separate vt.分离；分开 adj.不同的；各自的6construct vt.建造construction n建造7potential n可能性，潜在性potentially adv.潜在地；可能地8adopt vt.采用；收养adoption n收养；采用9considerate adj.想得周到的，体贴的consider v考虑consideration n考虑；体贴10allocate vt.分配，配给allocation n分配；配给11sharpen vt.削尖sharp adj.尖的；锐利的sharpener n卷笔刀12calculate vt.计算，算出calculation n计算13finance n资金 financial adj.经济的，财政的 用所给词的适当形式填空1After a long separation，the young couple lived a separate life and in the end they separated peacefully.(separate)2She is so considerate that she has not only considered her own affairs but taken mine into consideration(consider)3These tables are reserved for the children and the reserved seats by the window are also taken up，so Ill have to make a reservation for you next week.(reserve)4They sent a threatening letter to us，but I thought it was an empty threatIts no use threatening uswe didnt give in.(threat)5The old couple adopted a boy ten years ago and their adopted son treated them well and the old couple thought their adoption was the best choice.(adopt)1a_number_of一些2beyond_ones_control超出的控制，不受的控制3look_ahead展望未来4refer_to指，意即，提到；参考5in_turn依次；反过来6lead_to引起，导致7take_action采取行动8ahead_of在前面9apart_from除以外10answer_for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任11call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求结束12or_else否则，不然13wrap_up结束14on_ones_behalf代表15for_good永远16carry_off掠去，夺走17all_in_all总的来说18result_in导致19earn_ones_living谋生20plug_ones_ears塞住耳朵21all_the_best祝一切顺利22as_a_matter_of_fact实际上23break_away_from摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织) 选用上面的短语填空Many experts believe that it is human activities that 1.have_resulted_in/led_to global warming.All the actions are to be 2.answered_for in the future.So we must 3.take_action to take good care of our environment.We must 4.call_for_an_end_to cutting down trees.5.In_turn,_we will benefit from the actions.1looking ahead为动词ing形式作状语Looking ahead，scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.【仿写】展望未来，我觉得公司需要开发一些新的服务项目。Looking_ahead，I think the company needs to develop some new services.2given用作介词，表示“鉴于，考虑到，倘若”Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.【仿写】考虑到冲突很难避免，那么我们就要学会如何处理它。Given_that_the_conflict_is_hard_to_avoid，we need to learn how to deal with it.3过去分词短语作后置定语If we add up all these small changes made by everyone worldwide，they wont be such small changes.【仿写】由周星驰导演的电影美人鱼在2016年获得巨大成功。The film Mermaid directed_by_Stephen_Chow was a great success in 2016.转述结构和被动语态单句语法填空1The man said that he would_go (go) to visit his uncle the next week.2The workers used to be_made(make) to work for ten hours a day.3The girls said that the new film was(be) worth seeing again.4The young man is easygoing and is pleasant to_deal (deal) with.5The plan is going to be_carried (carry) out next week. reserven保护区；保留；储备vt.保留；保存；预订(经典例句)You cant park here，for this section of the car park is reserved for visitors.你不能把车停在这里，因为这个停车区是留给游客的。(1)without reserve毫无异议地；毫无保留地in reserve备用的(2)reserve sth.for sb./sth.为某人/某物保留/预订(3)reservation n.保留；预订(房间、座位等)make a reservation预订(房间、座位等) He asked me to keep a few pounds in reserve to cover unexpected costs.他让我留出几英镑以备不时之需。To our surprise，they have accepted the reports recommendations without reserve.让我们吃惊的是，他们毫无异议地接受了报告中的建议。基础练习单句语法填空(1)The waitress said that the seat by the window was reserved for an old man.(2)Im sure that he wont accept our suggestion without reserve.(3)I will call the restaurant and make a reservation(reserve) in case theres none left.能力提升一句多译提前预订一张桌子是个好主意。(4)It is a good idea to_reserve_a_table in advance.(reserve v)(5)It is a good idea to_make_a_reservation_for_a_table in advance.(reservation n) beyondprep.超出，出乎，为所不能及(经典例句)The tasks they faced seemed far beyond their ability. 他们面临的任务似乎远远超出他们的能力。beyond ones control超出某人的控制，不受某人的控制beyond ones reach够不着，超出之外beyond ones power超出某人的能力beyond description无法形容，难以言表beyond belief难以置信beyond doubt无疑地 Our knowledge does not extend much beyond these few facts.除了这几个事实，我们知道的就很少了。The fact is that he is such a naughty boy that he is beyond my control.事实是，他是这么顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。巧学活用句型转换(1)The West Lake is so beautiful that it is hard to describe it in words.The beauty of the West Lake is beyond_description(2)Im sorry I cant make a final decision on this project.Im sorry its beyond_my_power_to make a final decision on this project. condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；谴责；使注定(经典例句)The headmaster strongly condemned empty talk instead of hard work.那位校长强烈谴责了不脚踏实地、夸夸其谈的作风。condemn sb.for.因谴责某人condemn sb.to sth./to do sth.使某人注定；使某人注定做condemn sb.to death 判某人死刑be condemned to death被判处死刑 The Australian swimmer Horton was widely condemned for his behavior after the match.澳大利亚游泳运动员霍顿在赛后的行为受到广泛谴责。Because of the new rules，some of such children are condemned to fail.因为新的制度，这样的孩子中有一些注定会不及格。His lack of knowledge condemns him to do the kind of work that needs strength.由于他没文化，他注定要干体力活。基础练习单句语法填空(1)If you dont learn from the past, youre condemned to_repeat(repeat) its mistakes.(2)As was expected, he was condemned to ten years in prison.能力提升句型转换(3)As was expected，he was sentenced to life imprisonment.As was expected，he was_condemned_to life imprisonment. sacrificevt.& vi.牺牲，献出n牺牲；祭品，祭祀(2016江苏高考)From that day on, we learned together, traveled together, and sacrificed together. 从那天起，我们一起学习，一起旅行，一起奉献。(1)sacrifice sth.to do sth.为做某事而牺牲某物(2)make sacrifices for/to do sth.为作出牺牲at the sacrifice of.以牺牲为代价 The woman sacrificed her career to bring up the children.这个女人牺牲了事业来抚养孩子。 (2016全国卷乙)Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices.几乎每个祖父母都想和孙辈在一起，也乐于作出牺牲。巧学活用单句语法填空(1)Making sacrifices (sacrifice) is always a part of bringing up children. (2)He succeeded in the experiment at the sacrifice of his health.(3)Would you sacrifice some of your salary for more holiday time? advocatevt.主张，提倡n提倡者，拥护者(教材P6)Experts advocate that each person play their part.专家们主张每一个人都要发挥自己的作用。(1)advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事advocate that.主张从句谓语动词用(should)动词原形(2)be an advocate of/for的提倡者/拥护者 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior.很多专家主张对小孩良好的表现加以奖励。The boy said that his father was an advocate of reforms on the political system.这个男孩说，他的父亲主张改革政治体制。I strongly advocate that all of us should learn from him and always be ready to help others.我极力提倡我们大家应该向他学习并且随时做好帮助他人的准备。基础练习单句语法填空(1)I do not advocate doing(do) such things.(2)Animal activists advocate that the government (should)_set(set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.能力提升一句多译他们提倡大家都为那个地区捐些钱。(3)They advocated everyone_donating_some_money_to_the_area(4)They advocated that everyone_(should)donate_some_money_to_the_area substituten代替品，代用品vt.& vi.(用)替代；取代(教材P6)After all，theres no substitute for our Earth.毕竟，地球是不可取代的。(1)a substitute for.的替代者(2)substitute A for Bsubstitute B with/by A用A代替/取代Bsubstitute for 代替，取代 I need someone to substitute for me at the meeting.我需要有个人替我参加会议。Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.大夫所能给你的忠告是无可替代的。巧学活用一句多译我们得把这把破损的椅子换个新的。(1)We must substitute_a_new_chair_for_the_broken_one(2)We must substitute_the_broken_chair_with_a_new_one threatenvt.威胁，恐吓(经典例句)While danger threatens we must all take care.当有危险的时候，我们都得小心谨慎。(1)threaten sb.with sth.用某事威胁某人threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事 threaten that.威胁(2)threat n.威胁a threat to sb./sth.对某人或某事的威胁 He kept silent，for the old man threatened that he would make it public.他保持了沉默，因为那位老人威胁说要公开那件事。China is a peaceloving country，and we have never been a threat to the world.中国是一个爱好和平的国家，我们从来没有成为世界的威胁。The killer threatened to murder him if he didnt obey.这个杀手威胁他说，如果他不照他的话做，他就把他干掉。基础练习单句语法填空(1)He tied her up and threatened her with a sixinch knife.(2)The young girl stood on the top of the building, threatening to_jump(jump)能力提升高考小作文(3)(2015江苏高考书面表达)交通问题很难解决， 它不仅影响着我们的日常生活， 而且也可能威胁到人们的生命。The traffic issue is very difficult to settle.It not only affects our everyday life, but_may_also_threaten_peoples_lives meansn方式，方法；手段(教材P11)The telephone is a means of communication.电话是一种交流工具。by this means通过这种方法by means of用办法；借助by all means 一定， 务必； 好的， 当然可以by no means决不， 一点也不(位于句首时， 句子用部分倒装)a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具 (2016上海高考)And the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means.而且设计者的目的是通过最高效的方法来解决问题。By no means was he satisfied with the job and he asked us to finish the task by all means.他对目前的工作一点也不满意， 要求我们务必完成任务。means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来考查。若all/some/several/many means作主语， 谓语动词用复数形式； 若every/each/one/a means作主语， 谓语动词用单数形式。基础练习单句语法填空(1)Every possible means has_been_tried(try), but none has worked.(2)All possible means have_been_tried(try), but none has worked.(3)We express our thoughts by means of words and body language.(4)Some researchers point out that daydreaming is a means of relaxation.能力提升一句多译(陕西高考)此外， 惩罚绝不是一个能帮助他们在精神上和身体上健康成长的明智选择。(5)Furthermore, punishmentis_by_no_means_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(6)Furthermore,by_no_means_is_punishment_a_wise_choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.(倒装) adoptvt.采用，采纳；收养(教材P12)The Chinese government has adopted several noise control plans.中国政府已采用了好几项噪声控制方案(1)adopt an approach采用一种方法(2)adoption n. 采纳；收养(3)adopted adj.被收养的；被采纳的He decided to adopt a more active approach to the problem.他决定采用一种更积极的方法来解决这个问题。We will encourage a wider adoption of this approach for pollution control.我们将鼓励更广泛地采用这种方法来控制污染。基础练习单句语法填空(1)(牛津词典)Having no children of their own，they decided to_adopt(adopt) an orphan.(2)She treated her adopted(adopt) son as if he were her own child.(3)For many childless couples, adoption(adopt) is the best solution.能力提升单句写作/句式升级(4)We have adopted_many_effective_measures_to(采取了很多有效措施) protect wild animals. We can see that the number of wild animals is increasing.(5)Having_adopted_many_effective_measures_to_protect_wild_animals,_we can see that the number of wild animals/them is increasing. (用现在分词完成式作状语改写句子) (经典例句)A large number of people went to the cinema to see the film last week.上周很多人去影院看了这部电影。(1)可数名词复数(2)不可数名词(3)(4)many a可数名词单数(谓语动词用单数) (重庆高考)The number of them is less than 1，000, so I hope you can take some effective measures to protect them.它们的数量不足1 000只，因此我希望你们能采取一些有效措施来保护它们。There are a great many talented people waiting to be discovered.众多有才华的人有待于被发现。基础练习单句语法填空(1)Many a famous pop star was_ruined(ruin) by drugs last year.(2)(广东高考写作)A great deal of money was_donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.(3)Large amounts of money are_spent(spend) on advertisements every year.(4)With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed(wash) away.(5)As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps(keep) rising these days.能力提升高考小作文(6)(江苏高考书面表达)随着学习英语的人越来越多， 在中文语境里理解英语单词并不是很困难。 With_the_number_of_English_learners_on_the_rise,_its not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. (经典例句)Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论的基础是实践，反过来理论又为实践服务。(1)by turns轮流；轮班；交替地take turns (to do sth.)依次；轮流(说、做等)；轮班(做某事)It is sb.s turn (to do sth.)轮到某人(干某事)。(2)in return作为回报 We took turns to drive on the way up to Canada.在去加拿大的途中，我们轮流开车。Im sure that its your turn to do the cleaning this time.我确信这次是轮到你们大扫除了。巧学活用一句多译人们通过自己开车来避免延误，这反过来造成更多的问题。(1)People try to avoid delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problems(2)People try to avoid delays by using their own cars, which_in_turn_creates_more_problems (经典例句)All in all I wonder how much time I end up investing in the whole process. 总而言之，我想知道我在整个过程中投入了多长时间。at all(常用于否定句和条件从句中以加强语气)根本；无论如何；一点儿after all 毕竟；终究in all总共first of all 首先，第一above all首先，最重要的是 All in all，I think it has been a very successful meeting.总的来说，我认为这是一次很成功的会议。You shouldnt have blamed him at all.He is a little child after all.你根本不该责怪他， 毕竟他还是个小孩子。巧学活用用all的相关短语填空(1)To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, above_all,_honest.(2)All_in_all,_every road leads to Rome, but I do believe hard work pays off.(3)Dont believe the advertisement. After_all,_it is the customers who pay for whatever they are given.Happiness lies first of all in health，as everyone knows.For little children，they need many things，but above all they need love.After all，they are so young that they need much love and care.(教材P6)Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，好像人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅只是巧合而已。(1)本句中的Given为介词，意为“考虑到，鉴于”，表示原因；还可以表示假设，意为“倘若，假定”。(2)表示“考虑到”时，given后还可接that从句。(3)given还可用作形容词，意为：规定的；特定的。 Given her interest in children，Im sure teaching is the right career for her.考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，我可以肯定教书对她来说是一种合适的职业。It seems reasonable to send him away，given_that he is doing quite well.考虑到他做得很好，派他去似乎是很合理的。About 250 students are working with us at any given(give) time.大约250名学生在特定的时间与我们一起工作。引导条件状语从句用法相似的表达还有：considering (that).鉴于provided/providing (that).假定seeing (that).既然；鉴于(教材P17)The British luxury liner，Titanic，was on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City，when it struck an iceberg and sank about 153 km south of Newfoundland.英国的豪华游轮泰坦尼克号在首次航海，从南安普敦开往纽约城时，突然间撞上冰山，在纽芬兰岛南153公里的地方沉船。when it struck an iceberg and.中的when 是并列连词，意为“这时，就在这时”，不可用while代替。when的这种用法常出现在下列句型中：(1)be doing.when.正在做这时(2)be about to do.when.将要做这时be on the point of doing.when.将要做这时(3)had done.when.刚做完这时The other day I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.不久前的一天，我正想着这件事时，突然听到有人叫我的名字。He was about to leave when someone knocked at the door that morning.那天早上他刚要走就有人敲门。基础练习单句语法填空(1)We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang last night.(2)She was about to_resign(resign) when her mother was badly ill.(3)The man had just arrived home when his best friend rang him up.能力提升句式升级(4)I was about to give up. At that time my father told me to keep going. I was_about_to_give_up_when my father told me to keep going.(将简单句合并为主从复合句)It had been declared that the Titanic was the largest，the most beautiful，the most technologically advanced and the safest ship that had ever been built，and this made people believe that it was unsinkable.分析该句是个并列复合句。It had.built是第一个分句；this.unsinkable是第二个分句。It是形式主语；真正主语是that引导的主语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰the safest ship；第三个that引导宾语从句。翻译人们声称泰坦尼克号是所造的最大、最精美、技术最先进、最安全的船只，这就使人们相信它是不可能沉没的。 单句语法填空1(2016上海高考)Successful product design takes into consideration(consider) a products function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on.2Given(give)the present conditions，I think shes done rather we