2018年高考英语一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming高考题新人教版.docx

Unit 4 Global warmingI. 阅读理解Passage1（2017江苏卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文全球变暖创造性适应方法6897分钟Old Problem, New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放) peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: There is no one-size fits all adaptation. Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接) to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to prevent starvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphels inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200,000m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norphels ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earths reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its list of 100 ideas to save the planet.More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that weve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, its a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies .A. adaptation is an ever-changing processB. the cost of adaptation varies with timeC. global warming affects adaptation formsD. adaptation to climate change is challenging66. What is special with regard to Rezwans project?A. The project receives government support.B. Different organizations work with each other.C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D. The project connects flooded roads and highways.67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A. Storing ice for future use.B. Protecting the glaciers from melting.C. Changing the irrigation time.D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.68. What do we learn from the Peru example?A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.B. The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C. This country is heating up too quickly.D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.69. According to the author, polluting industries should .A. adapt to carbon pollutionB. plant highly profitable cropsC. leave carbon emission aloneD. fight against carbon pollution70Whats the authors preferred solution to global warming?A. Setting up a new standard.B. Reducing carbon emission.C. Adapting to climate change.D. Monitoring polluting industries.【话题解读】尽管清洁能源在如今的生活中被越来越多地使用，全球变暖仍将在未来的几十年中继续。面对这个问题，人们想出了不同的创造性的方法来适应它。66. C【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段首句可知，世界范围内尤其是一些贫穷地区的人们使用了令人意想不到的方法去适应环境的改变，化劣势为优势，再结合下文的内容可知,Rezwan就是这么做的，故答案为C。67. A 【解析】考查细节理解。由第四段中的.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring.可知，他把水引入盆地，水在那里结冰并被存储到春天使用，故A正确。68. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六段的内容可知，在秘鲁当地的农民会把整个山峰涂成白色来增强对阳光的反射，希望借此来保护冰不被融化，再结合第五段的内容可知，反射太阳光可能会减轻全球变暖，故D项正确。70. B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution可知，作者认为最明智的应对全球变暖的方法是减少碳排放，故B正确。Passage2（2016江苏卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文厄尔尼诺现象给全球带来了巨大的影响4136分钟El Nio, a Spanish term for the Christ child, was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.z*xxkThe weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nios, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nio in 1997-98 helped Americas economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests: farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nio may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nio, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Nios come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nios harmful effects and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.61. What can we learn about El Nio in Paragraph 1?A. It is named after a South American fisherman.B. It takes place almost every year all over the world.C. It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.D. It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.62. What may El Nios bring about to the countries affected?A. Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.B. Droughts become more harmful than floods.C. Rich countries gains are greater than their losses.D. Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.63. The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that .A. more investment should go to risk reductionB. governments of poor countries need more aidC. victims of El Nio deserve more compensationD. recovery and reconstruction should come first64. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To introduce El Nio and its origin.B. To explain the consequences of El Nio.C. To show ways of fighting against El Nio.D. To urge people to prepare for El Nio.【语篇解读】厄尔尼诺现象的发生给全球带来了巨大的影响，作者通过具体的数据呼吁人们做好防范和准备工作。63. A 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文中的however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance与This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction可知，这些数据说明了减少风险的投入太少，政府应该加大这方面的投入，因此答案为A。64. D 【解析】考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nio, reducing their losses needs to be the priority可知，作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象提前做准备，因此D项正确。Passage3（2016上海卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文减少温室气体排放的目标和做法2626分钟Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earths changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2008 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. 3.5This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species. 1.5This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5 could save them from sinking. 0.8This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2 point.0The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreements minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_.A. 0.8B. 1.5C. 2D. 3.5【话题解读】本文介绍了人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。71.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions可知如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的To meet this minimum goal可知最小的目标是上升两度。也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。故D正确。72.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreeme