高中英语Unit3Computers课时作业新人教版.docx

Unit 3Computers【导语】万维网的出现彻底改变了世界，创造了大量的财富并从根本上改变了人们的生活方式。而它的创始人英国计算机科学家蒂姆伯纳斯李对于自己这一成果的现状并不满意。一起去了解一下这位“万维网之父”吧！Most people have never heard of Tim BernersLee.He is not nearly as rich or famous as Marc Andreessen，who is the founder of Netscape，or Bill Gates，whose name has become a wellknown word.BernersLee，who works in a small office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology，is the creator of the World Wide Web.The creation of the Web is so important that some people compare BernersLee to Johann Gutenberg，who invented printing by movable type(活字)in the fifteenth century.BernersLee was born in England in 1955.His parents，who helped design the worlds first commercially available computer，gave him a great love of mathematics and learning.In 1980，BernersLee went to work at CERN，a physics laboratory in Geneva，Switzerland，where he had a lot of material to learn quickly.He had a poor memory for facts and wanted to find a way to help him keep track of things he couldnt remember.He invented a software programme that allowed him to create a document that had links to other documents.He continued to develop his idea through the 1980s.He wanted to find a way to connect the knowledge and creativity of people all over the world.In 1991，his project became known as the World Wide Web.The number of Internet users started to grow quickly.However，BernersLee is not completely happy with the way the Web has developed.He thinks it has become a passive tool for so many people，not the tool for creativity that he had imagined.【词海拾贝】1creatorn创造者2commercially adv.商业地3track n轨道4software n软件5passive adj.被动的；消极的【问题思考】阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。1Tim BernersLee is the founder of Netscape.()2Tim BernersLee was an Englishman and got a lot of help from his parents.()3The World Wide Web became famous but has not been developed perfectly.()答案：1.F2.T3.T.将单词与其正确释义配对1calculateA简化2universal B完全地；整个地3simplify C普遍的；通用的；宇宙的4logical D真实；事实；现实5technology E人造的；假的6artificial F探索；探测；探究7intelligent G解决；解答8solve H工艺；科技；技术9reality I合逻辑的；合情理的10totally J计算11application K智能的；聪明的12explore L应用；用途；申请答案：1.J2.C3.A4.I5.H6.E7.K8.G9.D10.B11.L12.F.根据所给汉语提示写出单词1_n目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分2_v&n.发信号；信号3_v&n.类型；打字4_vi.出现；发生5_adj.电子的答案：1.goal2.signal3.type4.arise5.electronic.根据英语释义写出单词1_：complete change in ways of thinking，working，etc2_： connected computer system3_： anyway4_： able to be moved easily from place to place5_： activity of managing money答案：1.work3.anyhow4.mobile5.finance.选用短语的适当形式完成句子from then on；as a result；so.that；go by；in a way；in common；compare.with；with the help of；watch over；deal with1Hardly a day _ when I dont think about her.2_ with many mothers，she feels torn between her family and her work.3We were separated after the film，and _，I never saw her again.4_ our small apartment，our uncles house seemed like a palace.5_，it was one of our biggest mistakes.6She is used to _ all kinds of people in her job.7The construction work has to stop _ of the heavy rain.8All the villagers were moved to safety _ the PLA men.9They took turns to _ the children.10_ fat was he _ he couldnt go through the door.答案：1.goes by2.In common3.from then on4Compared with5.In a way6.dealing with7.as a result8.with the help of9.watch over10.Sothat课文表层理解.判断正(T)误(F)1Although the computer was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes，it could not “think” logically.()2First as a laptop and then as a PC，the computer has been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.()3The computers memory was first stored on transistors，then in tubes and later on very small chips.() 4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for the computer.()5The use of the computer is to provide humans with a life of high quality.()答案：1.F2.F3.F4.T5.T.读课文，回答问题1In what order is this passage arranged？(within 2 words) In the order of _答案：time2Who is the speaker “I” in the passage? (within 2 words)_答案：A computer.3How do you think this article is written in the first person？(within 20 words)_答案：It can make the article more effective to understand and attract the readers.4Fill in the blank with the words from the second paragraph.(within 5 words)The computers shape was greatly changed _ the memory stored in smaller and smaller space.答案：as a result of5Why do “I” feel very happy now according to the last paragraph？(within 15 words)_答案：Because “I” am a helper and devoted friend of the human race.读课文完成表格1642The computer began as a 1._machine.1822The 2._machine was built by Charles Babbageand it was the start of 3._intelligence.1936Alan Turing wrote a book to describe how computers could be made to work as a 4._machine.1940sBecause information can be stored in tubes, or on5_and later on very small 6._， computers became smaller.1960sThe first family of computers was 7._to each other by a 8._1970sComputers were used in offices and 9._nowComputers 10._people all over the world together.答案：1.work9homes10.connect课文深层理解 .读课文，完成下列各题1What is the main idea of the passage?The passage is a short _ of the _ of computers.答案：historydevelopment2Find out the key sentence of each paragraph：_答案：Over time I have been changed quite a lot.These changes only became possible as my memory improved.Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.单项选择1What is the oldest calculator in the world?ACalculator. BAbacus. CPC.答案：B2What might you usually use to add many numbers up in an exam?APC. BHuge computer. CCalculator.答案：C3In our daily life，which is widely used to deal with a large amount of information?ARobot. BLaptop. CAbacus.答案：B4What do you think of the future computers?ASmaller and smarter.BLarger and faster.CSmaller but slower.答案：A5If you want to send a long letter to your friend，the best way is _Aby telephone Bby plane Cby email答案：C.领会句子所用的句型并译成汉语1I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage._答案：我发展非常缓慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯巴比奇才把我制成了一台分析机。2By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room，and I wondered if I would grow any larger._答案：到20世纪40年代，我有一个房间那么大，我想知道我是否会变得更大。3As time went by，I was made smaller._答案：随着时间的推移，我被制作得更小了。4Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me._答案：自从20世纪70年代开始，人们发现了我的许多新用途。5Anyhow，my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality._答案：不管怎样，我的目标是给人们提供高质量的生活。写一篇想象作文一、想象作文的分类想象作文可分为两类：一是写自己的设想、追求、愿望、梦境的习作，这类习作往往与科幻结合在一起。另一类是童话，运用“拟人”手法，把各种动植物、物品想象成“人”，通过有趣的故事，告诉读者某个道理。 二、写好想象作文需做到以下几点1要大胆想象：写想象作文，一定要展开想象的翅膀，大胆想象。2想象要合理：想象是以生活为基础的，因此我们写想象作文，一定要从生活实际出发，展开合理的想象，不能脱离实际。另外，想象要有所节制，要有一定的中心，要为表现文章的中心思想服务。3想象的内容要具体，切忌说空话。4要表达自己的真情实感。想象作文是自己对未来的幻想，饱含着自己对美好生活的热爱和向往。因此，我们在写想象作文时也应该在描写未来的同时表达自己的真情实感。三、典型句式1People will become.in the future.2I think.in the future will be more interesting and wonderful.3What.will look like in the future?4Have you ever thought about.in the next 30 or 50 years?5We can imagine that.6In addition，there will be super computers or robots which can help us do.7Great changes will take place in the future.8I believe my dream will come true some day.9I believe this day will come true.你校举行科技节，有一项发明很吸引外来参观者的眼球，你作为发明者向参观者介绍你的发明(护理机器人)，请按以下表格内容介绍。写作要求1文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；2词数100左右；3注意：开头和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。【写作要点】本文为一篇介绍机器人的想象性作文，属于说明文，介绍机器人的功能时应该条理清楚、用词准确。可能用到的表达方式：help do sth帮助做某事；respond to simple spoken commands回应简单的口头指令；as soon as possible/as soon as sb can尽可能快地。【范文点评】范文点评Ladies_and_gentlemen，Id like to introduce you something about my recent inventiona robot，whose_name_is_RIBAI designed_the_robot_to_look like a friendly bear，since_an_android_would_scare_the_patientsNowadays，many hospitals have been having_trouble_finding nurses and the population grows old，so I hope robots will help_(to)_solve the problem.RIBA can not only help carry the patients from the chair to the bed，but also respond_to simple spoken commands and recognize coworkers.I hope my invention will be introduced to hospitals as_soon_as_possibleThank_you.本文结构清晰，用词准确，行文连贯紧凑。一些短语、复合句等的使用使文章语言丰富，更具有可读性，如whose引导的非限制性定语从句，design sth to do sth，since引导的原因状语从句，have trouble doing sth，help (to) do sth，respond to，as soon as possible等最近，某英语报纸正在组织一次英语征文活动，邀请读者围绕“Science and technology is changing our life greatly”这个话题，谈谈科学技术给我们的日常生活带来的变化。请你根据图片中的提示写一篇英语短文应征，谈谈你家三代人购物生活的变化，并畅想未来的购物方式。注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：供销社Supply and Marketing Cooperative_答案：With the development of science and technology，our way of life has been changing all the time.My grandmother told me she usually covered a long distance to a small shop called the Supply and Marketing Cooperative in town to buy goods.Later，supermarkets have been opened in our town，so my mother would like to go shopping in a supermarket near my house because it is very convenient.In recent years，online shopping has become popular.Many young people like me prefer to buy what we like in front of the computer because it can save us time and labour.I think，in the future，we can depend on our robot servants to do shopping by telling them what we want to buy.A级基础过关.语法填空在句中空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1With everything he had missing，he was _ (total) hopeless and killed himself.2. _ (person)，I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.3This is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with _ (appear)，but comes from the heart.4So many people around the world are learning or using English，so it is considered as a _ (universe) language.5Her car broke down on her way to the park；as _ result，she had to ask someone to repair it.6After _，meeting strangers means seeing the unknown，which naturally makes one feel uncomfortable.7I dont know how to deal _ such a situation.8_ the day went on，the weather got worse.9This is so difficult a problem _ few students can answer it.10In the last few years thousands of films _ (produce)all over the world.答案：1.totally2.Personally3.appearance4.universal5.a6.all7.with8.As9.that10.have been produced.完成句子1_ (无论我什么时候看到他)，he is reading.2He found it difficult to read now，_ (因为他的视力正开始下降)3Work hard _ (当你年轻时)，or youll regret.4Write down what the teacher says in class _ (在你未忘记之前)5_ (随着你长大)，youll know better about yourself.答案：1.Whenever I see him2.for his eyesight was beginning to fail3.when (you are) young4.before you5.As you grow olderB级能力提升.阅读理解阅读下面短文，从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Robots make me nervous, especially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way. Gates said in an interview with the website Reddit, “I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent.That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that, though, the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”Well, maybe I dont have to worry about my laptop and kitchen appliances yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. Thats a scary thought!Professor Stephen Hawking warned a few months ago about the possibility that artificial (人造的) intelligence could evolve and end up beyond human control. He suggested that machines could “spell the end of the human race”Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil or rebellious (反叛的). What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. Thats what philosopher Nick Bostrom from the Future of Humanity Institute at Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals, the destruction of people might be just collateral (附带的) damage.A machine would not take pity on you.Im glad my machines at home are “dumb”. All my vacuum cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Lets hope they dont create an appliance which wants to take over the world!【语篇解读】现在的机器人越来越智能化，但是有些人，比如作者，还有比尔盖茨和霍金，却在担心将来机器人的智商太高，会不受人类控制，进而毁灭人类。1We can conclude from Gates statements that_Ahe is embarrassed that he is afraid of robotsBhe doesnt think machines are intelligentCmachines should be fully employedDmachines super intelligence should be a concern解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句比尔盖茨说的话“A few decades after that，though，the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern.”可知，几十年之后，机器人的智力很强大，使我们感到担忧。答案：D2The underlined word “spell” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_ArecordBcauseCexplain Ddevelop解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“.end up beyond human control”可知，机器人可能最终会不受人类控制，故霍金教授觉得将来机器可能会使人类被淘汰。故选cause表示“导致，引起”。答案：B3Why are computers dangerous according to Nick Bostrom?AThey are too evil and rebellious.BThey are indifferent to humans.CThey show pity on humans.DThey are too clever and efficient.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的“Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us.What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient.”可知，机器人对人可能会有威胁的原因是它太聪明，效率太高，故选D项。答案：D4What can be inferred about the author?AHe doesnt agree with Bill Gates.BHe is not content with the present kitchen appliances.CHe is scared about the super intelligence of machines.DHe expects that machines will take place of humans.解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“Robots make me nervous.”和第三段中的“But in the future，machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. Thats a scary thought！”可知，作者对智能机器人有所担心，故选C项。答案：C.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。When I was a kid my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire._1_At camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports, and archery, but for me, the most memorable experience was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If youve ever hiked a mountain, you know its a physical challenge, especially when youre carrying your food and shelter on your back._2_“How much further is it？”“My pack is too heavy. Can you carry it for me？”The reply of the teachers was，“Suck it up.” The truth is, the complaining campers were nowhere near the point of exhaustion (疲惫). If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the signs and given them care._3_ Once they realized they werent getting any sympathy(同情) they got out of the discomfort, and in most cases ended up having a great time.4_You can complain，or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like youre getting the negative energy out, but youre probably not going to cause a positive change. Its much more likely that your complaining will arouse the dislike of those around you.No one likes a complainer. Complaining makes life harder for everyone._5_AThe summer camp was interesting but full of complaint.BThe kids simply werent used to the physical challenge.CIts no use complaining and it cant bring us what we want.DThis was a great experience for me.EThere are two ways to deal with an unpleasant situation.FWhen campers got tired, they certainly started complaining.GWe should complain less and make more effort.答案：1.D2.F3.B4.E5.G.完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。With the development of the information technology，we have stepped into the new century.Peoples topics，especially the young peoples, are becoming more and more _1_， which older men never understand: