[中学教育]高中化学论文：新课程背景下元素化合物学案编制与应用研究.docVIP

高中化学论文：新课程背景下元素化合物学案编制与应用研究【中文摘要】在新课程改革之前的课堂教学大多数都是传统的教学模式,即教师讲得多,学生听得多,而自主学习得少,他们习惯于听课、记笔记,而不是去思索与主动探究,往往处于消极、被动、受压抑的状态,结果造成学生的主动性、积极性不能充分发挥。这既不利于知识的获得与能力的培养,也不利于智力的开发和创新精神的形成。在新课程的影响,无论是课改实验区还是非课改区,教师借“学案”为载体来引导学生进行观察、阅读、思考、讨论,从而形成了“学案导学”的教学模式,这一模式已经得到了普遍的认可,并吸引着绝大多数一线老师参与到学案设计与运用的研究和实践中来。因为通过学案可以培养学生自主学习、合作学习和探究学习方式的生成。目前在新课程背景下如何将“学案导学”运用到实处,如何真正将有限的课堂教学时间有效的运用好来,便成了研究者十分关注的问题,高中元素及其化合物的学习,是学生对物质的组成、结构、性质、制法及其用途等各方面知识的学习。元素及其化合物的学习,对培养和训练学生的观察能力、实验能力、由表及里的分析归纳思维能力,以及从一般到个别的演绎思维能力,也就是对探究能力的培养显得尤为重要。元素及其化合物的教学中,如果采取”学案导学”的课堂教学模式,针对不同的课程内容设计相应的学案,通过学案引导学生探究物质的性质,自主建构物质间的相互反应规律,从而培养学生思维品质和科学素养,有着深远的研究意义和现实的使用价值。近几年来对于学案的编制研究散见于各种杂志与期刊,但研究未成系统,查询2000年2009年间的中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库,发现只有少数人涉及元素化合物学案编制这方面的研究。基于上述原因,确立了本课题的研究。课题研究在于通过系统的理论研究,针对化学学科中元素化合物知识的特点,归纳总结出新课程下元素化合物学案编制时应遵循的原则,归纳出新课程下的元素化合物学案以“探究型学案”的形式更适合新课程下的要求这样的规律,辅以“元素化合物学案”范例说明原则的使用,为今后在新课程下元素化合物学案的编制,以及高中化学新课程下课堂教学模式提供了较高的参考。本课题在合作学习理论、探究性学习理论、建构主义学习等理论以及高中化学新课程理论的指导下,归纳总结出在元素化合物学案的编制中,应遵循如下六大原则：探究性原则、情境性原则、挑战性原则、开放性原则、层次性原则、导向性原则。同时依据元素化合物知识课型,分成新授课型和复习课型两大类,在新授课型的学案编制中,提出了科学史重现法和情境创设法两种编制方法；在复习课型的学案编制中,指出了应结合元素化合物知识的特点,说明了三种编制的方法,并结合较为详实的编制范例进行评析,阐述了元素化合物知识学案编制为“探究型”的学案更能体现新课程的要求,同时还特别强调编制过程中应该注意的事项。在上述理论研究与案例研究的基础上,本课题使用所总结出来的命题原则方法和注意事项,编制学案,以广西灵川一中高一09-3班、09-4班的同学为施测对象,进行纸笔测验和问卷调查,发现用上述命题原则、方法和注意事项所编制出来的学案,能较好地反映学生学习元素化合物知识的实际情况。本课题的收获在于归纳和总结了编制元素化合物学案时应遵循的原则；归纳出了元素化合物学案的类型；提供了元素化合物学案的典型探究型学案的范例；并就今后高中化学元素化合物利用学案教学的顺利实施,提出了建议和意见,为元素化合物课堂教学研究和元素化合物学案编制研究提供了一定的参考。由于研究者的水平和研究时间有限,本研究的结论还有待进一步的检验、深化、完善与拓展。如何提高元素化合物学案的编制质量,如何提高学案的使用效率,促进有效课堂的生成,将是今后进一步研究的方向与重点。【英文摘要】Before the new curriculum reform, most of the classroom teaching model is traditional, that is, teachers speak too much and students just listen and have less autonomic learning; they are accustomed to lectures, taking notes, rather than thinking and exploring it actively. Students are often in a negative, passive, and depressed state, and thus cant be initiative, and enthusiasm. This is not conducive to the acquisition of knowledge and training of ability, but also not conducive to the develop of the intellect and innovation. Under the impact of the new curriculum, whether it is experimental or non experimental areas, teachers use the “Learning Plan” to guide the students to observe, read, think, and discuss, thus forming a teaching model of “guide the students with the learning plan”. This model has been generally recognized, and attracted most teachers to research and practise designing and using learning plans.Because learning plans can help develop the ability of studentsautonomic, cooperative and exploring learning, Currently, how to put Learning Plan Guidance into practice, and how to use the limited classroom time effectively has become a great concern to researchers. The studying of elements compounds is a students study of the composition, structure, properties, production method and use of a substance. The study of elementscompounds is especially important to developing and training students ability of observation, experimental capabilities, analyzing and concluding skills, as well as deducting ideation from the general to the individual, which means developing students ability of exploring. During the teaching of elements and their compounds, if the teacher adopts the model of “Learning Plan Guidance”, design corresponding plans for different teaching courses, guide students to explore the properties of substance and establish the laws of interaction between substances, thus to improve studentsattainment in thinking and science, there will be far-reaching significance and practical value.In recent years there have been many scattershot but not systemic studies in various magazines and journals, Inquiries between 2000-2009 on Outstanding Master Thesis of Chinese text databases shows only a few studies were involved in this area. For these reasons, I decide to conduct this project.Via systemic and academic study and aiming at the characteristics of compounds of elements, this research focuses on summarizing the principals of the Learning Plan design, and concluding the law that the model of Exploring Learning Plan is more accordant to requirements of the new curriculum. With illustrations of the principle of the use of the Learning Plan design, it will be more helpful for us to design the Learning Plan of elementscompounds and contribute to new models in Senior Chemistry teaching.With the guidance of the theories of operative learning, exploring learning and constructivist learning theory, my project concludes that during the design of the Learning Plan, we should follow the next six principles: the exploring principle, situational principles, challenging principle, opening principle, the hiberarchy principle, and the oriented principle. And according to different lecture patterns, there are new lectures and review lectures. During the design of Learning Plan of new lectures, there are two laws:the law of recurring the history of science and the law of creating situations. During the design of Learning Plan of review lectures, we should demonstrate three designing ways combining the properties of elements compounds, evaluate it with detailed designing examples and illustrate that Exploring Learning Plan of elements compounds can better match the requirements of the new curriculum. At the same time special stress is laid on the proceedings during the designing.On the basis of researches into theories and practical cases, we tested the students in Class 09-3 and 09-4 Senior one in No. One High School, in the form of paper quiz and questionnaires. In the end, we found that the Learning Plan made according to these principles and ways above can reflect the actual levels of the students acquisition in elementscompounds.The outcome of the project falls on concluding the principles that we should follow while designing the Learning Plan; concluding different categories of the Learning Plan; providing the model of the Learning Plan-Exploring Learning Plan. Meanwhile, the project puts forward advice on how to bring it into effect. Most of all, the project lays foundation for the research into teaching and Learning Plan-design of elements compounds.As the academic level of researchers and research time are limited, the conclusions of this project remains to be further tested, deepened, improved and expanded. How to improve the quality of the design, and how to improve the use of the design to promote the formation of effective lectures is the future direction and focus of further study.【关键词】高中化学 元素化合物 学案 编制与应用【英文关键词】Senior Chemistry Elements compounds Learning Plan Design and application【目录】新课程背景下元素化合物学案编制与应用研究中文摘要3-5Abstract5-6一、课题提出的背景和研究意义9-12(一) 课题提出的背景9-111. 新课程改革的目标和需求9-102. 本课题在国内外同一研究领域的现状103. 普通高中学生化学学习与发展的需求104. 元素化合物在化学基础教育内容体系中的地位和作用10-115. 学案导学教学模式对传统课堂教学模式的冲击11(二) 研究目标和意义11-12二、本课题研究的理论基础12-15(一) 自主学习理论12(二) 合作学习12(三) 探究学习理论12-13(四)