贵阳中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题5介词和介词短语精讲试题.docx

专题五介词和介词短语,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势介词是贵阳中考单项选择的必考点，主要考查介词的固定搭配，如：write with(用写)，at the age of数字(在岁时)，be different from(不同于)。同时也注重on的基本用法，如：on表时间、方位、方向等，同时涉及on与其他介词的辨析，如in，at，for，to，by，of等。设题形式多为简单句，以两个分句居多，词数为912。另外，完形填空中也会涉及介词或介词短语的辨析，如：with表伴随，from表来源，like表列举，同时涉及其他介词的辨析，如above，under，for，into，of等。此外，也涉及到了介词的固定搭配，如：on the right(在右边)，think about(考虑)等。,贵阳中考重难点突破1时间介词的辨析和用法(1)in，on与at介词用法例句in较长的一段时间(如世纪、年代、月份等)in the 21 century在21世纪；in 2009在2009年；in summer在夏季； in July在七月泛指上下午、傍晚、白天等in the morning/afternoon/evening/daytime在上午/下午/晚上/白天固定短语中in the future在将来；in the end最后； in class在课堂上； in a minute一分钟后on表示具体某日或某日的上午、下午、晚上on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日； on Saturday morning/afternoon在周六早上/下午； on September 1st在九月一号；on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨； on National Day在国庆节at表示具体时间点at half past ten在十点半； at one oclock在一点；at noon在中午；at night在晚上固定短语中at the beginning of在开始时； at New Year在新年； at Christmas在圣诞节； at the age of在岁时；at the end of在最后； at last在最后；at first起初(2)in，after与before介词用法例句in“in时间段”表示“(将来)以后”They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。after与将来时连用表示“(将来)之后”，后接时间点Hell come back after two oclock.他两点后将回来。与过去时连用表示“(过去)之后”，后接时间段He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。before表示“在之前Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。2.地点、方位介词的辨析和用法(1)at，on与in介词用法例句at用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物、公共机关等)at home在家at the station在车站用于门牌号码前at 403 Book Street在书街403号on与表面相接触(即：)on the floor在地板上在任何广阔的面上on the farm/moon在农场/在月球上与界线的接触，可译作“濒临；紧挨”等Wuhan stands on the Yangtze River.武汉与长江相邻。续表介词用法例句in用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等)in the city在城市；in China在中国；in Asia在亚洲；in Guizhou在贵州 在周围的环境是立体(即四面八方都有东西环绕)的地方in front of在前面；in a forest在森林里；in the classroom在教室里；in his schoolbag在他的书包里用于某些习语中in the sky在天空中in space在宇宙(2)over，under，above与below介词用法图示例句over“在正上方”，表示两者不接触We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。under“在正下方”，表示两者不接触My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。above“在的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。below“在的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。3.方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法with，in，by与on介词用法例句with后跟具体的工具，与后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，指“借助于；用”，后面跟人称代词时表示“和一起”，表示伴随状况，在句中做状语。此外，with还可以表示“带有；具有”I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。in表示使用某种语言，用墨水、颜色、颜料等原料，在名词前不加冠词Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。by表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，在名词前一般加冠词theI could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。4.其他常见介词的用法(1)over “遍及；超过”如：There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。(2)against “反对”如：We will play against them this afternoon.今天下午我们将跟他们比赛。(3)into “进入里”如：Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进教室。(4)from “从”如：We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五上学。(5)for “为；给”如：Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。(6)of “的”如：a map of China一幅中国地图(7)without “没有”如：He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。(8)to “给；对；到；往”如：go to school去上学；give a kite to me给我一个风筝；from here to the park从这里到公园5介词短语介词名词at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻；after a while过了一会儿by bus乘公共汽车；by the way顺便说；by the time到时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后；in order整整齐齐；in order to以便；in no time很快就；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front在前方；in English用英语；in the future将来的某个时刻；in future(整个)将来；in fact事实上on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)电话；on time准时；on the left/right在左边/右边；on sale在出售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上with pleasure很乐意；with ones help在某人的帮助下be形容词介词be amazed at对感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做；be good at擅长于；be full of充满；be excited about对感到兴奋；be kind to对和善；be interested in对感兴趣；be famous for因而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受欢迎；be pleased with对感到满意；be proud of为感到骄傲；be ready for为准备好；be satisfied with对满意；be worried about为担心续表动词介词agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以开始；come from出生；来自；call at探访；die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fill with用装；fall off从落下；hear from收到(某人的)信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾；listen to听讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给；worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在后面；knock at敲续表介词+名词+介词at the foot of在脚下；on the top of在顶端；in the middle of在中间；in the front of在前面；in the east of在东部；by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到为止；at the age of在岁时；at the head of在前头,贵阳中考题例及解析单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最佳选项。( )1.(2015贵阳中考)New Year is coming.We should make resolutions _ the beginning of the year. Ain Bon Cat【解析】 答案为Cat the beginning of意为“在之初”，为固定搭配。( )2.(2016贵阳中考)As students，we have to follow the school rules and come to school _Anext time Bon time Cin time【解析】答案为BA下次；B按时，C及时。( )3.(2107贵阳中考)Do you know when the Belt and Road International Day is?Yes，it is _ December 16th. Aat Bon Cin【解析】答案为B在具体的月日前面，介词要用on。,考点抢测考点一介词( A )1.Maybe you should call him up.But I dont want to talk with him _ the phone.AonBat Cin( C )2.In America，people start celebrating the New Year _ December 31st.Ain Bat Con( B )3.Lisa was born on May 1st，and my birthday is also _ that month.Aover Bin Con( A )4._ the book，the teacher comes into the classroom.AWith BAt COn( B )5.Most of my classmate go to school _ bike.Aat Bby Con( B )6.Could you please tell me the way to the science museum，