高考英语语法精讲精练专题五形容词和副词.docx

语法专题五：形容词与副词 形容词、副词是非常重要的词，是高考必考内容。2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对形容词和副词考查都列了两项：形容词（比较级和最高级）副词（比较级和最高级）。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：形容词和副词的语义辨析，形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词和副词的等级。 2015年高考全国卷第69题（语法填空）考查了形容词regular变成副词regularly；第76题（短文改错）考查了副词seriously变成形容词serious。此外，完形填空中第44、第48、第50、第53、第57和第60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。2016年高考全国卷第63题（语法填空）考查了形容词official变为副词officially；第75题考查了形容词honest变为名词honesty。此外，完型填空第52题还考查了quiet、still、away与calm的辨析。2017年高考全国卷第66题（语法填空）考查了形容词bad变成比较级worse；第69题（语法填空）考查了care变成形容词careful；第78题（短文改错）考查了副词late变成later；第79题（短文改错）考查了副词suddenly改为形容词sudden。此外，完型填空第54、第58和60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。I.形容词、副词的等级 (一)形容词/副词的比较级和最高级构成1规则形容词级的构成规则如下表：单音节词er和est型构成规则原级比较级最高级一般在词末加-er和-esttallgreathardtallergreaterhardertallestgreatesthardest以e结尾的只加-r和-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-estdrydrierdriest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigthinhotbiggerthinnerhotterbiggestthinnesthottest双音节词er和est型少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词happysimpleclevernarrowhappiersimplercleverernarrowerhappiestsimplestcleverestnarrowestmore和most型其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级carefulusefulquicklymore carefulmore usefulmore quicklymost carefulmost usefulmost quickly多音节词more和most型在其前面加more和mostdifficultbeautifulmore difficultmore beautifulmost difficultmost beautiful 2.不规则形容词的级的构成:原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest 3.形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”:interesting有趣的 less interesting较无趣的 least interesting最无趣的important重要的 less important较不重要的 least important最不重要的 有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more / most来形成比较级和最高级polite politer 或more polite politest 或most polite ，这类词还有quiet，handsome，pleasant，common，exact等. II.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练形容词与副词考点规律分析：短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的asas 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。语法填空主要涉及形容词与副词之间以及形容词、副词与其他词类之间的互换，形容词与副词的比较等级等。 形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：1. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 2. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. 3. Last Sunday, police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. 4. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 5. People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. 6. In some places you may borrow many books as you want.7. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. 8. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 9. First, let me tell you something more about myself. 10. I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.11.Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience.12. Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.13. I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. 14. After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me. 15.Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 16. She called 119 immediate. 17. For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. 18.But he is difference now. 19. The time passes quick. 20. although radios can be very noise.21. all planned and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. 22. But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. 23. But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. 24.I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 25. Finding information on the net is easily. 26.Yes, a concert can be very excited.27. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. 形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：1. Ill try to be more carefully next time.2. China is much more bigger than the United States.3.There are few boys than girls in our class.4. He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.5. The more money you make, the most you spend.6. She found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.7.It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.8. In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.9. Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!10. The fish tastes well; why not have a try?11.Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the whole week.12. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 13.I promise to return back before 10. 14. The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.15. This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in the shop.16. The workers warm welcomed us at their offices.17.Oh, its simply wonderfully to see you here!18.She is in more health now than she was last year. 形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：A级 1. The door was widely open.2. Ill help you as more as I can.3. He is as taller a fellow as his elder brother.4. Mike didnt speak clear so we couldnt understand him.5. John swims better than I, but he doesnt swim as good as my brother.6. He works hardly.7. He runs very fastly.8. Harry worked good here yesterday.9. He was deep moved by what she said.10. A plane is flying highly in the sky.B级 1. Dont make any changes till farther notice.2. Its colder in Tianjin than in Beijing, though Tianjin is further to the south and nearer to the sea.3. Ill try and be much careful in future.4. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining hardly.5. They had to dig deeply to find water.6. I know the government thinks high of his invention.7. He often comes to work early and leaves off lately.8. What he said sounded prettily interesting.9. The Emperor opened his eyes widely but still saw nothing.10. I firm believe you are right. 形容词与副词单句语法填空之真题训练：1.If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify those of_(great)and less importance.2.They gave money to the old peoples home either _(personal)or through their companies.3.The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me .They were also the best and _(bad) years in my life.4.At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be _(freely)from them. 5.By tracking peoples e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and _(far)than disasters and sob stories.6.It is not _(surprise) that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.7.You can live a more _(power) life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.8.At dinner, we said to Mom, “Happy Mothers Day！”She was grateful and _ (move).9.The girl used to be shy, but is _(gradual)getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.10.Little Tom sat_(amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.11.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be_(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.12.He hopes that his business will grow _(steady).13.Get an early start and try to be as productive_possible before lunch.14.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which _(gradual)turned into chopsticks.15._(fortunate), Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.16.They are _(true) good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.17.Chinese scientists_(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.18.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers_(regular)decline to share food with their children.19.It was _ (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.20.A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, _ (special) if you are travelling at high speed.21.Andy is content with the toy.It is the _(good) he has ever got.22.Listening is thus an active, not a _(passively), behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.23.Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _(punctually)学习札记：_参考答案及解析形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：1. frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕2.helplessly改为helpless，在系动词felt后作表语，要用形容词3.taller 改为 tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级4.去掉 more，因为 longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受 more 修饰5.so long as 改为 as long as，其意为“与一样长”6. many 之前加 as，因as . as 结构不完整7.去掉 much，因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级8.wonderfully 改为 wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语9. 去掉 more，因从上下文看，这是第一次给对方写信，不存在谈谈“更多情况”的问题10. interesting 改为 interested，be interested in 意为“对感兴趣”11.important 改为 importance，teach 后可接名词或代词作宾语，但不接形容词作宾语12. Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语13.what 改为 how，how 在此表示方式14.practically 改为 practical，此处用形容词作表语15.去掉 often，因句中的whenever 与 often 意义重复16.immediate改为immediately，用作状语，要用副词17. loudly 改为 loud，与 strong 并列作定语，修饰 music18. difference改为different，即用形容词作表语19.quick改为quickly，副词quickly修饰动词pass。20.noise 改为 noisy，即用形容词作表语21.real 改为 really，修饰动词要用副词22.then 改为 now，just now 为习语，意为“刚才”23. once 改为 any，not any more为习语，意为“不再”24.quietly 改为quiet，and连接并列成分quite和shy25.easily改为easy，作表语要用形容词26. excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting；表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited27. interested 改为 interesting，指某事物是“令人有趣的”，用interesting，表示某人“对感兴趣”时，用interested形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：1. carefully 改为 careful，用形容词作表语。2. 去掉more，more 不能修饰比较级。3. few 改为 fewer，注意句中的 than。4. 将 much 改为 more，或在 much 后加more，此句涉及 skiing 与 skating 的比较。5. most 改为 more，the morethe more 意为“越越”。6. frightening 改为 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。7.real 改为 really，修饰形容词用 really，不用 real。8. difficult 改为 difficulty，用名词形式作介词 without 的宾语。9. asleep 改为 sleeping, asleep 为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语。10. well 改为 good, nice 等，taste 在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。11.rain 改为 rainy，此处用形容词作表语。12. 去掉 down，因 set 相当于 go down，本身就包括了 down。13. 去掉 back，或将 return 改为 come / be。因 return 相当于 come back 或 be back。14. use 改为 useful，用形容词作定语修饰名词。15. mostly 改为 most，most 在此用于构成最高级。16. warm 改为 warmly，修饰动词要用副词，不用形容词。17. wonderfully 改为 wonderful，用形容词作表语。18. more 改为 better，为 in good health 的比较级形式。形容词与副词单句改错之提升训练：A级 1.widely改为wide2.more改为much3.taller改为tall4.clear改为clearly5.good改为well6.hardly改为hard7.fastly改为fast8.good改为well9.deep改为deeply10.highly改为highB级1.farther改为further2.further改为farther3.much改为more4.hardly改为hard或heavily5. deeply 改为deep6.high改为highly7. Lately改为late8.prettily改为pretty9.widely改为wide10.firm改为firmly形容词与副词单句语法填空及改错之真题训练：