2018届高考英语二轮复习第四部分写作专项演练课时31开放和半开放式作文.docx

课时31开放和半开放式作文【提纲类作文】1.命题特点(1)侧重考查两种文体：一为记叙文，一为议论文。记叙文给学生一段材料，然后要求学生充分发挥想象来拓展原材料的内容，运用逻辑推理的方法，沿着材料的纵横方向延伸，给故事添加开头、结尾及中间过程。议论文要求学生根据所提供的材料(文字、图表或图画)，谈谈自己的观点和看法。学生要灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析、辩证思考、归纳要点、提炼观点，力求论点合理、论据充分、论证缜密。(2)命题侧重考查考生的想象能力、发散思维能力、逻辑归纳能力、提炼及阐述自己观点的能力。(3)试题的趣味性与解题的挑战性并存，能力的发展性与答案的开放性并存。2解题关键(1)认真审题。即审语境、审人称、审时态。(2)紧扣主题。无论是开放性作文还是半开放性作文，根据给出的主题或自己确定的主题展开写作，必须做到不跑题，符合要求，首尾呼应。(3)详略得当。对于(半)开放作文，一定要把握好文章的主题，做到有主次之分、详略得当、主题句明确，还要有细节描写，互为支撑。3常用句式(1)分析原因There are.reasons for.The reasons for this are as follows.The reason for this is that.(2)表示重要、必要、困难、方便、(不)可能It is important(necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb to do.It plays an important role/part in.be of importance/significance to.attach importance to.(3)说影响have an impact/effect on.do great harm to/be harmful to.(4)谈意义be of great use/value/benefit/importance/significance/help to.(5)列措施.can do many things to.A good many/A variety of things can be done to.Strong/Effective measures should be taken to.(6)展望与呼吁appeal to sb to do/urge sb to do/call on sb to do.try/do ones best to do.do what/all that sb can to do.spare no efforts to do/make the greatest effort to do.do everything in ones power to do.(7)表示好处It has the following advantages.It does us a lot of good.【典题演练】(2016全国新课标)假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外资公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历(resume)。给外教Ms Jenkins写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式(format)。注意：1.词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【能力提升演练】1.“Planning is good, but doing is better”是一句英国名言。请以此为题目用英语写一篇100120词的短文。要求如下：(1)简述你对这句名言的理解；(2)用一个具体事例加以说明；(3)给出恰当的结尾。注意：(1)文章的标题已给出(不计词数)：(2)文中不得以任何形式透露地区、学校、老师或同学姓名等真实信息，否则按作弊行为认定。Planning Is Good, But Doing Is Better_2世界在不停地发展，科学技术、交通、医学、能源以及环境等等都在发展。请同学们预测2050年时世界变化的样子，就其中两个方面写一篇100字左右的短文。_3假如你是李华，你在很多公共场所经常看见许多成年人和小孩在不停地摆弄手机，请针对这一现象，给全班同学写一篇演讲稿。内容包括：(1)描述现象；(2)分析原因(至少两条)；(3)说明影响；(4)提出建议。注意：(1)词数100左右；(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；(3)开头已为你写好。Dear fellow students，The topic of my speech today is about mobile phones._4假如你是李华，最近你所居住的城市(北京)的雾霾严重影响了人们的生活。请根据写作要点给报社写一篇稿件反映这一问题。写作要点：(1) 雾霾带来的危害。(2) 你的建议。注意：词数100左右。 参考词汇：雾霾smog_5为了引起人们对睡眠重要性和睡眠质量的关注，3月21日被定为World Sleep Day(世界睡眠日)。请你针对高中生睡眠不足的情况，写一篇100词左右的英语短文，投稿给某英文报刊，阐述睡眠不足的危害，并提出合理建议。_课时31开放和半开放式作文【典题演练】Dear Ms Jenkins，I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and Id like you to do me a favor.To get some working experience, I plan to find a parttime job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my job application form and personal resume. However, my English is poor.Worse still, I dont even know much about the words and format of the enclosure. So Im writing you a letter, hoping to get your guide and suggestions. You can correct any mistakes you find in them.Looking forward to your reply. And Id be really thankful.Yours，Li Hua【能力提升演练】1One possible versionPlanning_Is_Good,_But_Doing_Is_BetterPlanning is good as it decides in detail how we do. However, a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.My experience in the English speech contest last October is a case in point. A month before the event, I spent hours working out a schedule outlining my goals and practical steps. After that, I set out to read widely for an inspiring topic, wrote a speech, and practiced its delivery in beautiful pronunciation with good public speech skills. I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner.I know how I achieved my success. It came from good planning and better doing combined.解析本文为一篇开放式作文。题目给出标题和提纲。结合题目判断作文主要介绍要将计划付诸实施的重要性。围绕这个主旨去写，不能走题。提纲部分还要求三个方面：1.简述你对这句名言的理解；2.用一个具体事例加以说明；3.给出恰当的结尾。这就确定作文的结构框架。在主旨和结构确定下来后，还要注意文章使用第一人称和一般现在时，一般过去时。写作时发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将文章完整地表述出来，注意主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁，同时应选用合适的连词或过渡词，使文章具有一定的连贯性。考生必须认真检查是否有漏写情况，有无拼写错误及标点误用等。2One possible versionLife will probably be very different in 2050In transport, cars will run on new, clean fuels and they will go very fast. Cars will have computers to control the speed of the car and there wont be any accidents. Today, many cars have computers that tell drivers exactly where they are. By 2050, the computer will control the car and drive it to your destination.As for technology, robots will have replaced people in factories. Many factories already use robots now. Big companies prefer robotsthey do not ask for pay rises or go on strike, and they work 24 hours a day. By 2050, we will see robots everywherein factories, schools, offices, hospitals, shops and homes.Life in the future will be much more wonderful than now. Lets try our best for it.解析考查开放性作文。这篇文章有相当的难度，要求考生从科学技术、交通、医学、能源以及环境中选择两个方面，叙述一下2050年的情况。所以本文要使用将来时和第三人称。本文属于开放性作文，不同的人的观点是不一样的。建议选择和自己生活更接近的话题：交通和科技。要点：1.交通：汽车使用清洁能源，速度更快更安全。交通工具由电脑控制自动驾驶，所以几乎没有事故会发生；2.科技：机器人将取代工厂里的人，人类社会几乎所有的事情都由机器人完成。3.人类生活更加精彩。建议文章分成三段，前两段分别叙述交通和科技，第三段做出展望。3Dear fellow students，The topic of my speech today is about mobile phones. Nowadays, no matter where we are, we can see many adults and children playing with their phones. This can happen at a bus stop, in a restaurant or in a supermarket. Why is that?I think two probable reasons may account for this. The first reason is that people are trying to make good use of time. And the second one may be that people show litter interest in whats happening around them. However, focusing only on whats on our mobile phones may not only do harm to our eyes, making us short in eyesight, but also prevent us from communicating normally. Whats worse, its a waste of time to use mobile phones too much, which may make you addicted. Only when everyone takes this problem seriously can we avoid the bad effects.Therefore, I think we should put our phones aside and chat with others face to face instead of playing with mobile phones. We can take more outdoor activities and discover the beauty of our life.Thats all. Thank you for your listening.解析考查半开放性作文。很多人包括未成年人在公共场所使用手机。要求以李华的身份给全班同学学一篇演讲稿描述这一现象、分析原因说明影响并提出建议。所以本文使用一般现在时，第一人称和第三人称交替使用。要点：1.描述现象：在很多公共场所经常看到许多成年人和小孩在不停地摆弄手机。2.分析原因并说明影响：人们努力充分利用时间，因为现在手机可以做很多事情。同时也可能是因为对周围事物不感兴趣。长时间使用手机对我们的眼睛有伤害，还可以阻碍我们和现实生活中的人交流。玩手机会让我们上瘾。3.提出建议：把手机放在一边，和身边的人多交流，多参加户外活动，并发现大自然的美景。建议文章分成三段，第一段描述现象，第二段发现原因并说明影响，第三段提出建议。在介绍手机的影响时，可以适当添加个人观点，让文章更丰富。4One possible versionAs we all know, smog has always been a serious problem in Beijing, which has done great harm to our daily life. Recently it has become more and more serious. The heavy smog has caused many traffic accidents, which has brought great sadness to the families. In the street, you can see many people wear masks. But unluckily, many old people wear and babies cant escape suffering from illness caused by smog.Therefore, it is very urgent for us to take measures to reduce the smog. It is very vital to educate people, especially factory owners to raise awareness of protecting the environment.Moreover, people should go to work by bus or bike instead of driving every day. And media should call on citizens to work together to do something to save the air that we cant live without.解析考查开放性作文。要求以李华的身份给你报社写文章反映北京的雾霾严重影响人们的生活的问题。所以文章要使用一般现在时，同时第一人称和第三人称交替使用。本文对学生的要求很高，文章的要点都没有给出，只给了一个提纲，要求考生根据实际情况自行组织要点。建议要点如下：1.提出问题：最近越来越严重的雾霾已经成为北京市一个严重的问题。2.雾霾的危害：影响日常生活；导致交通事故，给家人带来悲伤；很多人因为雾霾患上了呼吸道疾病；3.个人建议：立刻采取措施减少雾霾；最重要的教育人们导致雾霾的主要原因，人们应该绿色出行，所有的媒体应该呼吁大家一起努力减少空气污染。建议文章分成两段，第一段提出问题并叙述雾霾的危害。第二段提出个人治理雾霾的建议。写作时注意谋篇布局，所给要点要接地气，建议要实用有效。5Recently I have found many of my classmates feel sleepy and tired during class. Its obvious that they stay up too late studying