贵阳中考英语总复习第二部分语法专题突破篇专题14主谓一致与therebe句型精讲试题.docx

专题十四主谓一致与there be句型,贵阳中考命题规律及趋势there be句型与主谓一致为贵阳中考单项选择题的常考点，而且常与时态同时考查。同时，主谓一致是英语基本的语法和语言知识，是构成句子的关键。主谓一致在中考的各种题型中都涉及到，特别是在阅读和书面表达中尤为重要。,贵阳中考重难点突破主谓一致语法一致意义一致就近原则There be句型在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系有以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。1语法一致使用情况例句1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式(1)The girl is fond of singing. (2)To protect the environment is our duty. (3)Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.2.表示复数的名词、代词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式(1)The students are having their math class. (2)They have been to Qingdao twice.3.and连接主语时，如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数形式；如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词)，则谓语动词要用单数形式(1)The writer and teacher is coming. (2)The writer and the teacher are coming.4.bothand连接主语，谓语动词用复数形式Both Peter and Mike come from England.5.有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses，shorts，trousers，jeans，shoes，clothes，gloves等)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式(1)Jacks glasses are broken. (2)Lindas shoes are black and blue.6.“a number of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number of复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式(1)A number of trees have been planted. (2)The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.续表使用情况例句7.a kind of名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。类似的短语还有： a sort of，a pair of，a glass of，a ton of，a box of等(1)A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant. (2)A pair of shoes is under the bed.8.不定代词one，every，each，everybody，everyone，one of，no one，nothing，nobody，someone，somebody，either，neither，many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。但none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法(1)Neither of my sisters likes sports. (2)Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book.9.主语后面跟with，along with，like，except，besides，as well as，together with，including，no less than，rather than，as much as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与主语保持一致(1)Mei Mei，with her parents，often goes to the park on Sunday. (2)A teacher，together with some students，is standing at the gate.10.“分数或百分数名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of，plenty of，most of名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；若名词是可数名词复数，则谓语动词用复数形式(1)Two thirds of the work has been finished. (2)Most of the books are written in English.11.不定式，动名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数(1)Reading aloud is helpful to learn English. (2)What he said has been recorded12.表示国家，机构，事件，作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories. 13.what从句作主语时，如果表示的是单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式(1)What we need is time. (2)What she needs are good books.2.意义一致这一原则是指，从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语依意义也用复数形式；而有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式。使用情况例句1.表示时间，金钱，距离，体积，重量，面积，数字等词语作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式(1)Eight hours of sleep is enough. (2)Twenty years stands for a long period in ones life.2.“the形容词”作主语时，其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数，谓语动词用单数；指一类人则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数(1)The true is to be distinguished from the false. (2)The sick here are very well cared for.3.有些集体名词如crowd，family，team，group，government，class，staff，public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定；若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式(1)His family isnt large. (2)After dinner，his family usually take a walk along the lake.4.有些集合名词如people，police，cattle，poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news，means，works，physics，politics等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式(1)The police are searching for the murderer. (2)Physics is his favorite subject.5.某些以s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式The United States is a developed country.6.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数(1)None of the money belongs to me. (2)None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.7.“all/most/half/the rest of名词”作主语，谓语动词与of后面名词的数保持一致(1)Most of her money is spent on clothes.(2)Half of the students watch TV twice a week.3.就近原则这一原则是指，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。使用情况例句1.由or，eitheror，nor，neither nor，whetheror，notbut，not onlybut also等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须同与它相邻的主语保持一致(3)Not only Jim but also his friends are enjoying the film.2.Here/There be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须同与它相邻的主语保持一致(1)Here are some books and paper for you. (2)There is an orange and two apples on the plate.4.there be句型(1)“therebesb./sth.地点”表示“某处有某人或某物”。be动词必须和主语保持人称和数的一致。如果主语部分是两个以上的主语时，be一般和邻近主语的数和人称保持一致。(2)“therebesb./sth.地点”的否定形式是在be动词后面加not，not any，no。(3)若变为一般疑问句则需要把be提前到句首。【注意】there be结构有不同的时态，而且可以和各种助动词或情态动词连用。如：There used to be several houses behind the two buildings.过去这两栋楼后面有几所房子。There was a sports meeting yesterday.昨天举行了一场运动会。There will be/There is going to be a new film on Monday.星期一将有一场新电影上映。There have been a lot of accidents around here.这里已经发生了许多起事故。There must be a mistake somewhere.肯定有某个地方出错了。,贵阳中考题例及解析一、选词填空1My family _(is/are)having lunch now.【解析】答案为are意义一致原则：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式。2Not only the teacher but also his students _(like/likes)playing football.【解析】答案为like就近一致原则：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近它的主语。离动词最近的主语是his students，动词用like。3Two months _(is/are)a long holiday.【解析】答案为is表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。4Each boy and each girl _(has/have)got a seat.【解析】答案为has主语是each/every单数名词and(each/every)单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。二、单项选择根据语境或句意，选择可填入句子的最佳选项。( )1.(2015贵阳中考)Have you got some water to drink?Here you are.There_ still some in the bottle.AareBwereCis【解析】答案为C主语some(water)是不可数名词，动词用单数形式。句子的时态是一般现在时，所以选C。( )2.(2016贵阳中考)_ there many American friends in the school last Friday?AIs BWas CWere【解析】答案为Clast Friday时间状语说明时态是一般过去时；句子的主语是many American friends，是复数，因而选C。( )3.(2017贵阳中考)We all know that one of the worlds most popular sports _ football.Aam Bis Care【解析】答案为B句子是that 引导的宾语从句，在从句中，主语是“one of the worlds most popular sports”，是单数，所以谓语动词用is。( )4.In 1850，about a third of USA _ covered by forests.Awere Bhas been Cwas【解析】答案为C“分数或百分数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式。,考点抢测一、词语运用1Not only I but also Jane and Mary _have_tired/tire_(tire) of having one examination after another.2The number of the people invited _was_(be) fifty，but a number of them _were_(be) absent for different reasons.3When and where to build the new factory _hasnt_been_decided_(not decide) yet.4Email，as well as telephones，_plays_(play) an important part in daily communication at present.5Two fifths of the land in that district _covers_(cover) with trees and grass.二、单项选择( C )1.Both L