高考英语语法特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)课件外研版.ppt

特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、 倒装及其他) 1强调调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调调的部分that/who其他 部分”。被强调调的部分可以是主语语、宾语宾语 和状语语等。 It is only children who make such stupid mistakes. (2009浙江卷)Ive read another book this week. Well，maybe it is not how much you read but what you read that counts. 是因为为她妈妈妈妈 病了，她昨天才没来上学的。 It was because her mother was ill that she didnt come to school yesterday. 2强调调句型的疑问问句 只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问问句的结结构是“疑问词问词 is/wasitthat 从句”。 Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street? Who was it that told you such a thing? 究竟是为为什么你昨天没有来开会？ Why was is that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday? 3Not until 的强调调句 “It was not until.that.”这这个句型强调时间调时间 状语语。 It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I recoganized him. 1.(2011沈阳检测检测 )_ that made Mrs White so upset? Her sons making trouble in the school. AWhere was it BWhy was it CHow was it DWhat was it 解析： 考查强调句型。句意为：是什么让怀特夫人这么难过 ？她儿子在学校惹事了。判断强调句型的要点是：当去掉“It is.that/who”时，剩下的句子结构仍然完整。这里是强调句的疑问形式 ，由答语可知，这里句子的主语应该用What，而不是Where，Why或 How。 答案： D 2(2011青岛岛一模)Where did you meet the famous actress? It was in the supermarket _ we went shopping last Sunday. Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dthere 解析： 该题考查句式。该题实际考查的是定语从句，修饰先行词 supermarket。很多考生可能会误认为是强调句。 答案： C 3(2010南昌二模)The police were seeking more information to find out _ the rich merchant. Awho it was that killed Bwho was it that killed Cit was who killed Dwho was it killed 解析： 考查强调句型。强调句型的疑问句结构为：疑问词is it that.而这里是强调句的疑问句结构作宾语，故用正常的陈述语序，所 以答案为A。 答案： A 1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if ，though，as等引导导的状语语从句中，若谓语谓语 有be动词动词 ，而主语语又与主句 主语语相同或主语语是it时时，从句的主语语和be常被省略。 Unless (I am) invited，I wont go to the party. When (you are) working，you must pay attention. 明天早点起床，如果不的话话，你会错过错过 早班车车。 Get up early tomorrow，if not (you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus. 2不定式省略，单单独使用不定式符号to (1)用来代替动词动词 不定式后被省略的动词动词 ，常在be afraid，be glad ，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try ，want，wish等的后边边。 (2009江苏苏卷)Whats the matter with Della? Well，her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party，but she still hopes to. Will you join in the game？ Id be glad to。 (2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和 have been。 Are you a sailor？ No，but I used to be。 1.(2010全国卷)Though_to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. Asurprising Bwas surprised Csurprised Dbeing surprised 解析： 考查省略。句意为：教授看到我们，虽然很惊讶，但还是 热情地欢迎了我们。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。B项为谓语动词形式 ，故排除；分析句子结构可知though 后面省略了主语和谓语the professor was，而surprising表示事物的性质和特征，不符合语境；D项 在结构上不正确。surprised 表示人的心理感受，故答案为C项。 答案： C 2(2011潍潍坊质质量监测监测 )When people cut down big trees，new trees should be planted._they will have no trees to cut down in the future. AIf not BIf so CIf no so DIf dont 解析： 考查省略。句意为：当人们砍倒大树时，应该种植新树， 不然的话，他们以后就没有树木可砍了。if not如果不，不然；if so如果 这样的话。 答案： A 3(2011烟台检测检测 )He is rather difficult to make friends with，but his friendship，_，is more true than any other. Aonce gained Bwhen to gain Cafter gaining Dwhile gaining 解析： 这里“once gained”是once the friendship is gained的省略 ，由此可知，the friendship与gain之间存在“被动关系”，所以这里选A。 答案： A 1就近一致原则则 (1)由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连连接 的并列主语语，谓语动词谓语动词 常与最近的主语语在单单复数上保持一致。 (2009湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. Not only the nurses but also the doctor is very kind to the patients. 注意：如果主语后面带有as well as，as much as，no less than， along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except， besides，including，in addition to等引导的短语时，句中谓语动词的单 复数取决于主语的单复数。 (2009陕西卷)Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer. In my opinion，he，rather than you，is to blame. (2)由there，here引起的主语语不止一个时时，谓语谓语 通常和最邻邻近的主 语语保持一致。 文具盒内有一支铅铅笔和两支钢钢笔。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox . 2意义义一致原则则 (1)谓语动词为单谓语动词为单 数的情况 由连词连词 and连连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出 现现。 The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 作并列主语语的单单数名词词前分别别有each，every，no修饰时饰时 ，谓谓 语动词语动词 仍用单单数形式。 Each boy and each girl wants to work hard. No teacher and no student likes the film. 非谓语动词谓语动词 、名词词性从句作主语语。 Persuading him to join us seems really hard. To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. Whatever was left was taken away. 注意：what 引导导的主语语从句，谓语动词谓语动词 一般用单单数形式，若从句 谓语谓语 或从句后的表语语是复数形式，则谓语动词则谓语动词 用复数形式。 What they need are books. (2)谓语动词谓语动词 用复数的情况 由and 连连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。 Both bread and butter are sold out. people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词词作主语语。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 1.(2011厦门门市质质量检测检测 )Either the ways or the time_yet， but you may ask the headmaster for some information. Aisnt decided Bhasnt decided Carent decided Dhavent decided 解析： 考查语态与主谓一致。本句的主语由either.or.连接，谓 语动词应该与or后面的名词保持一致，使用单数；根据语意可知，应该 使用被动语态。 答案： A 2(2010海淀第二学期期末)Have you heard that Jones，along with her parents，_to Hainan for the winter vacation? Really？No wonder I havent seen her these days. Ahas been Bhave been Chas gone Dhave gone 解析： 考查主谓一致和词义辨析。主语中心词是Jones，是单数 ，所以所填词用单数形式；根据应答句中No wonder 后的从句意思可知 所填词意思是去了，动词用go，选C。 答案： C 1表示方式或方位的副词词或介词词短语语，如here，there，now， then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置 于句首时时，完全倒装。 Be quick！Here comes the bus. (2009福建卷)For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together. Out rushed the children. 注意：上述情况中，若主语语是人称代词词，则则不用倒装。 Away they went. Over it turns！ 2表语语放句首时时倒装结结构：表语语连连系动词动词 主语语(表语语可以是 ：形容词词、介词词短语语、现现在分词词、过过去分词词) Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests. Gone are the boys when we had a good time at the mountain village. 3.当“so/such that”结构中的so或such位于句首时，例如： So beautiful was she that many men would like to dance with her at the party. Such an honest boy is he that he gave back the change to me after shopping. 1.(2010陕陕西卷)John opened the door.There _he had never seen before. Aa girl did stand Ba girl stood Cdid a girl stand Dstood a girl 解析： 句意为：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从未见过的姑娘。 本题考查倒装句型。当there，here，away，down等副词置于句首且主 语为名词时，要用完全倒装形式。 答案： D 2(2009上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away_. Afleeing the thief Bwas fleeing the thief Cthe thief was fleeing Dfled the thief 解析： 句意为：听到狗的狂叫声，小偷逃掉了。本题考查了全部 倒装句。表地点方位的副词away放句首时，句子要全部倒装。正常的语 序是：The thief fled away. 答案： D 1So/Neither/Nor助动词动词 /情态动词态动词 主语语(表示前一句中的内容 也适合另一人或另一事物) Lily cant play tabletennis.Neither can I. 2否定副词词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely， rarely及表否定意义义的介词词短语语at no time，under/in no circumstances， in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时时。 (2009陕陕西卷)Little did Rose care about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself. (2010淄博检测检测 )John talked with me for about an hour yesterday.Never had I heard him talk so much. 你决不应该应该 失去信心。 By no means should you lose heart. 3hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not only.but also.等引 导导两个分句时时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变变。 他一听到这这个消息就哭了。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. (2009全国卷)The computer was used in teaching.As a result， not only was teachers energy saved，but students became more interested in the lessons. 4在so/such.that.句型中，若so/such.提到句首时时。 我觉觉得这这个问题问题 太难难解决了以至于决定向汤汤姆征求建议议。 So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 他取得了如此大的进进步以至于受到了表扬扬。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 5当“only状语语(副词词、介词词短语语或从句)”置于句首时时 只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑电脑 才修好。 Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 6用于as引导导的让让步状语语从句中(表语语/状语语/动词动词 原形as主语语 ) 尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋谋生。 Child as he was，he made a living by himself. 尽管他还还会试试，但可能还还会失败败。 Try as he would，he might fail again. 1.(2010海淀第二学期期末)Not until they left school _ how much their teachers loved them and helped them. Athey realized Bdid they realize Cthey would realize Dhad they realized 解析： 考查倒装。Not until引导的时间状语位于句首时，主句用 部分倒装；由从句的动词left可知所填部分的时态用一般过去时，选B。 答案： B 2(2010南通一模)Did you hear that Li Hua was robbed during his recent trip to South Africa? Yes，not only _ his money，but he was nearly killed. Ahe lost Bdid he lose Che had lost Dwas he lost 解析： 本题考查倒装句。由not only.but also.引导的句型中， 前半句中应用部分倒装结构，故先排除A、C两项；再根据句意，不但丢 了钱，还差点丢了性命，可知选B。 答案： B 1(2010湖南卷)Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work_has made him what he is today. AWhyBwhen CWhichDthat 解析： 句意为：约翰的成功与运气好没有关系，他能有今天(这 样的成功)，是多年努力的结果。本题考查强调句。强调句的基本句式为 “It is /was被强调部分that/who其他成分”。由此可知答案为D项。 答案： D 2(2010安徽卷)It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village_the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. AWhereBthat CWhenDwhich 解析： 句意为：仅从村里买了很少的东西，女主人就做了那么丰 盛的一顿大餐。本句考查强调句型。被强调部分为from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village，其中的that she had bought in the village 为定语从句，先行词为only a few supplies。判断强调句的方 法：去掉句中的It was 及that 后，剩余部分是个完整的句子。本题易误 选A项，用where 引导从句作the village 的定语，但句意不通。 答案： B 3(2010四川卷)If you have a job，_yourself to it and finally youll succeed. Ado devote Bdont devote Cdevoting Dnot devoting 解析： 句意为：如果你有工作并全身心地投入，那么最终你会成 功的。本题考查祈使句式及动词的强调。由句意可排除表示否定意义的 B、D两项；再分析句子结构可知逗号后和and 之前的部分须是完整的句 子，C项为现在分词，被排除；A项填入后构成了祈使句，do是对动词原 形进行强调，故A正确。 答案： A 4(2010四川卷)Such poets as Shakespeare_widely read， of whose works，however，some_difficult to understand. Aare；are Bis；is Care；is Dis；are 解析： 句意为：像莎士比亚这样的诗人们的作品被人们广泛阅读 ，虽然他们的作品中有些很难读懂。本题考查主谓一致。such poets as Shakespeare 中poets 是中心词，所以动词用are；第二空动词的主语是 some (of their works)，是可数名词的复数形式，也用are。 答案： A 5(2010重庆庆卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_，one of the ten largest cities in China. Alies Chongqing BChongqing lies Cdoes lie ChongqingDdoes Chongqing lie 解析： 句意为：中国十大城市之一的重庆位于扬子江和嘉陵江两 江交汇的地方。考查倒装句。分析句子结构得知，这里是将地点状语提 前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式。 答案： A 6(2010湖南卷)Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some teenagers. Ais Bare Chas Dhave 解析： 句意为：在摇滚音乐会中听震耳欲聋的音乐已经导致某些 青少年丧失了听力。本题考查主谓一致。动名词短语在句中作主语时谓 语动词须采用单数形式，故排除B、D项，根据句意可知此处为主动语态 ，时态为现在完成时，故答案为C项。 答案： C 7(2010浙江卷)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if_regularly，can improve our health. Abeing carried out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out 解析： 考查归纳。句意为：试验表明，如果有规律地进行适量的 锻炼，就能够提高身体健康状况。首先，if carried outif it is carried out，依句意可知itproper amounts of exercise，与carry out 构成动宾 关系，所以用过去分词表被动含义。而being carried out 意为：正在被开 展；carrying out与to carry out表主动含义，所以C项正确。 答案： C 8(2009湖南卷)Either you or one of your students_to