英语毕业论文范文——跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响

跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响Influence of cross cultural factors in Translation Contents内容摘要 . iAbstract . iiIntroduction 1Chapter One XXXX XXX XXX 6Chapter Two XXX XXXX XXXXX 12Chapter Three XXXX XXXX XXXX . 20Conclusion . 28Works Cited . 30Acknowledgement . 32内容摘要字体为宋体，小四号字。不同的国家民族之间存在着极大的文化差异，不同民族之间的语言交流其实是不同民族之间的文化交流。而翻译是一种跨文化的交际活动，译者要将两种语言进行对等翻译，使成功的进行跨文化交流。本文从跨文化的角度出发，以日常生活，文学作品，商务贸易这些主要的三方面分析说明了跨文化因素对英汉翻译的影响。提醒译者应重视中西方的差异，注重对文化因素的分析及翻译策略的运用，才能更准确的做到完美的英汉互译。Abstract There are great cultural differences between different countries and nations,in fact,language communication between different ethnic groups is the cultural communication between different ethnic groups. Translation is a cross-cultural communicative activity, the translator must be going to equivalence translation in two languages, make cross-cultural communication successful. This article in a cross-cultural perspective, in daily life, literary works, and business trade these three main aspects analyse and explain the influence of cross factors on the english-chinese translation. The translator should pay attention to the differences of Chinese and western, analysis of the cultural factors and reasonable use translation skills, can more accurately achieve a perfect english-chinese translation.Key Words: Cross cultural factors ；Translation ；Influence(关键词一般3-5个，宋体小四号字，词与词之间用分号隔开)Introduction【字体Times New Roman粗黑体; 字号小四】语言是文化中的一个重要因素，它记录着人类文化发展的历史。不同的国家，不同的地域，由于时间的推进，文明的进步，有时文化的发展也是不同的，而各国的语言也不尽相同，而对文化的表达亦会有偏差。现今各国各地的商业及人际交往越发密切，当然我们不能让语言成为妨碍我们往来的绊脚石。于是，就需要有人将两国的语言翻译出来，使各国交往更加和谐顺畅。翻译就是通过把一种语言以同种意义转达成为另一种语言，使对方能理解自己所想要表达的事物。而在翻译过程中，不可避免的会受到文化因素的制约和影响，这就成了翻译过程中的难题。因此，任何翻译都离不开文化，既要了解本国文化，也要熟知所翻译的语言的国家与其文化，只有对两种文化有着深刻认识，翻译才能更有准确性。所以，翻译不仅是一种跨语言的交际行为，更是一种跨文化的交际行为。下面，本文将会深度对比分析三个情况下会遇到的翻译问题。Language is one of the most important factors in culture, which records the history of the development of human culture. Different countries, different regions, the time, the progress of civilization, sometimes the development of culture is different, but the language of different countries are not the same, but the expression of the culture will also have the deviation. Nowadays the countries around the business and interpersonal more closely, we can not let the language becomes the stumbling block to our relations with. So, we need someone to translate the language of the two countries, exchanges between countries in a more harmonious and smooth. Translation is through a kind of language in the same meaning conveyed into another language, so that the other party can understand you want to express things. In the process of translation, inevitably influenced and restricted by cultural factors, this became a problem in the process of translation. Therefore, in any translation cannot do without culture, not only to understand their own culture, the state also want to know the Chinese language and culture, only two kinds of culture has a profound understanding, translation can be more accuracy. Therefore, translation is a cross language communication, is also a kind of cross-cultural communicative behavior. Below, this will be the depth of comparative analysis of three case of translation problems encountered.Chapter One生活环境导致不同的思维方式Living environment lead to different ways of thinking【字体Times New Roman粗黑体; 字号小四】迥然不同的生活环境使一些国家的观念及思维习惯与表达方式上产生不同。如果译者对两种语言所属的国家的观念及思维方式不甚了解，就会导致错误的翻译。Be totally different living environment so that some countries the idea and habit of thinking and way of expression differences. If the translator of the two languages of national concept and mode of thinking is not very understanding, will lead to wrong translation.1.在英汉翻译中，对于颜色直译的意思是一致的，但当作为词或词组出现后所表达的含义有时会完全不同。例如：“greenhand”在英语里的意思会是新手，而红茶在英语里为“blacktea”。西方人认为黑色不吉利，因此很多含黑色的词或词组大多为贬义，如“black marks”污点，“black sheep”害群之马等。中国人视红色为吉利的颜色，但在英语表达中有警告、警示的意思，例如：“red battle”为血战的意思，“in the red”赤字、亏损。因此，在翻译过程中不能望而生义。1 in the English Chinese translation, the literal meaning of the color is consistent, but as the expression of a word or phrase appears meaning sometimes completely different. For example: greenhand in English means is a novice, and Black Tea as blacktea in english. Westerners believe that black unlucky, so a lot of words or phrases containing black mostly pejorative, such as black marks a black sheep, an evil member of the herd. Chinese red is considered an auspicious color, but there are warning, warning the meaning in English, for example: red battle to mean bloody, in the red deficit, deficit. Therefore, in the process of translation can not hope and meaning.2.民族的禁忌与避讳。不同民族会有其不同的信仰及禁忌，例如美国人不吃羊肉及动物肝脏；日本人忌讳狐狸，樱花为其国花；而印度人视牛为神圣不可侵犯的保护动物；中国人钟爱龙，认为是龙的传人。而西方人认为龙是邪恶的象征，因此，亚洲四小龙的英文翻译为“Four Asian Tigers”而不是“Four Asian Dargon”。因为老虎是百兽之王，也是勇猛的象征。各民族对于数字也是有一定的禁忌的。例如中国人忌讳“4”，因其谐音“死”，而偏好“6”跟“8”，寓为“顺利”，“发财”。而因其宗教信仰，一些国家尤其避讳“5”“及13”，认为这是不吉利的数字，更是称呼星期五为“black Friday”。因此，不管是英译汉还是汉译英，在翻译上都要极为注意。Taboo and taboo 2 nation. Different people will have different beliefs and taboos, such as the Americans do not eat meat and animal liver; Japanese taboo fox, cherry for its flower; and Indians see the ox for animal protection inviolability; Chinese Zhong Ailong, that are descendants of the dragon. While the Westerners think dragon is the symbol of evil, therefore, East Asian Tigers of English translated as Four Asian Tigers instead of Four Asian Dargon. Because the tiger is the king of beasts, but also a symbol of bravery. The nation also has a certain taboo for digital. For example Chinese taboo 4, because its homonym for death, and 6 and 8 preference, which means smooth, get rich. Because of their religious beliefs, some countries especially taboo 5 and 13, think that this is an unlucky number, is called Friday for black Friday. Therefore, whether it is translated from English to Chinese or Chinese English translation, the translation must be paid great attention.3.价值观的不同。自古以来，各民族的社会制度不同，导致现如今人们的价值观也不尽相同。在古代中国，一直有男尊女卑的思想，女人只是男人的附属品，女人是没有决定权的，也不会有机会表达自己的见解与看法。虽然在这个宣扬人人平等的社会，到如今甚至有的地方女人的地位还是很卑微的。西方却有的是女王、女官，甚至有的为母系社会。在中国，因古时礼教制度的制约，人们接受的教育是谦逊有礼。对于别人的夸奖，东方人与西方人的反应完全不同。西方人会落落大方的接受并回赞对方，而东方人却是对此表现的很不好意思，甚至会说“哪里”或是“没有，你才是”。也许是东方人的矜持作祟，导致比较内敛，不够洒脱。这也是西方人的其中一个无法理解东方人的因素。而西方人重隐私，对于我们中国人再正常不过的寒暄，有时他们会认为我们侵犯到了他的隐私。当我们在路上遇到相熟的人，通常会问“你吃饭了吗”，“去接孩子吗”。而西方人路遇朋友通常都是“Hey,hows going”大多是问近况，而回答也往往是笼统的，除非是很要好的朋友，会寻个空闲邀请你坐到咖啡厅，点上一杯饮品跟你详细聊一下。因此，在翻译过程中，遇到此类打招呼寒暄的时候，应转化为所译国家所能接受的语句。3 different values of. Since ancient times, different ethnic social system, cause the peoples values are not the same. In ancient China, always think that women are inferior to men thought women than men, accessories, woman is no discretion, also will not have the opportunity to express its own views and opinions. Although in this promote egalitarian society, now even some local womens status was very humble. The West has the queen, the female official, and even some of the matriarchal society. In Chinese, restrained by the ancient ritual system, people receiving education is humble. With compliments, Asians and Westerners of the reaction is completely different. A westerner would be liberal and dignified acceptance and to praise each other, and the Oriental is behaved very feel shy, even says where or no, it is you. Perhaps the Oriental reserved work, resulting in more introverted, not free and easy. This is also the western the one cannot understand the oriental. While the westerners for privacy, we Chinese normal communication, sometimes theyll think we violate his privacy. When we encounter other people on the road, often ask, did you eat, to pick up the child. While the Westerners met friends are usually Hey, how s going mostly asked situation, and the answer is often vague, unless they are very good friends, will find a free invited you to sit Coffee hall, point a drink with chat with you. Therefore, in the process of translation, when such greeting greetings, should be transformed into the national will accept statement.Chapter Two中西文化差异下作品的翻译The differences between Chinese and Western culture under the translation works【字体Times New Roman粗黑体; 字号小四】在作品的翻译中，两种不同的文化相互碰撞，如何处理文化差异，并使作品能让人产生强烈的情感共鸣，接受这种审美方式颇有些困难。In translation, the collision of two different cultures, how to deal with cultural differences, and make the work can let a person produce strong emotional resonance, accept the aesthetic way some quite difficult.1.歌名及歌词的翻译。英文歌进军中国市场已经历史久远，很多英文歌被翻译成各国的语言重新演绎。中国文化博大精深，一首简单的英文歌甚至可以翻译成好几个版本的歌词及歌名。有时，歌名要够吸引人的眼球，而歌词也要通俗易懂。只因歌词凝聚了作词者的所有心境与想法感触，于是使一首歌有了深刻的意义，如果在翻译中产生偏差，那这首歌原本的意境就将不复存在，而听众也无法透彻的解读这首歌。一首多年前的“The day you went away”，就被台湾歌手重新传唱，中文歌名为“第一次爱的人”。原曲带着淡淡的感伤与怀念，回忆那个爱过却又离开的人。而改编时曲调节奏基本不变，歌词却是通俗、朗朗上口又偏近生活，因此当时人们大多没听过原曲就爱上了这首歌，这首歌在中国乐坛上还火了一把。就自身很喜欢的一首歌“Just one last dance”来说，大多直译为“最后一支舞”。大多听过这首歌及了解创作背景的人都知道这是一首因一见钟情而产生的一场露水感情却无法长久，表达出主角的悸动、甜蜜与遗憾。一次，一位英语老师的指点如醍醐灌顶。歌名亦可翻译为“唯你独舞”，使这首歌更加的唯美浪漫，更加表达出了主角的心境。因此，歌名的翻译也有相当重要的意义。对于歌词的翻译，英文歌中也大多押韵，当翻译成中文时也应注意押韵的问题。而每句的歌词也要有所对应，不能一句表达一个意思。歌词互译时也要注意歌词与节奏的对应，使歌曲更加通顺。中西方的思想开放程度也有不同，一些避讳的词汇也要在不脱离本意下婉转表达。在此类翻译中，因文化习惯差异，原著思想表达的方式、角度、思维模式与我国会有不同，这也是翻译过程中会出现的问题。因此，译者需贯通原著，掌握原著思想，综合考虑，灵活运用，反复琢磨，使最大限度的还原原著的风貌。这样才能称得上是一个好的译品。1 the name of the song and lyrics translation. English song into the Chinese market has a long history, many English song has been translated into several languages re interpretation. Chinese culture broad and profound, a simple English song even can be translated into the lyrics and song several versions of the name. Sometimes, the song name to enough to attract peoples attention, and the lyrics are easy to understand. Because the lyrics focus all mood and thoughts feelings lyricist, then make a song has a deep meaning, if the deviation in translation, the song was originally the mood will not exist, and the audience is not thorough interpretation of this song. A years ago The day you went away, will be Taiwan singer to sing, Chinese song named love in the first degree. The original music with sentimental and nostalgic memories of the love light, but leave people. And when the adaptation melody rhythm is basically unchanged, the lyrics is popular, GetWord and partial close to life, so that most people have never heard of the original music and fell in love with this song, this song in the Chinese music also had a fire. Its like a song Just one last dance, are literally translated as the last dance. Most listened to this song and understand the creation background of people know this is a feeling for the first dew fall in love at first sight and produce but not long, express the protagonist, sweet and regret. Once, an English teachers such as be filled with wisdom. The song can also be translated as only you alone, so that this song is more romantic, more show the protagonist of mind. Therefore, it is of important significance in the song name translation. For the lyrics translation, English songs are mostly rhyming, when translated into Chinese when should also pay attention to rhyme problems. And every word of the lyrics should be corresponding, not a word of express a meaning. The lyrics translation should also pay attention to the corresponding lyrics and the rhythm of the song, more fluent. In the Western mind open degree are different, some taboo words are not intended to leave under the tactful expression. In this type of translation, because of different cultures and habits, the original thought expression way, angle, mode of thinking and China will be different, this is also a problem in the process of translation will appear. Therefore, the translator needs through the original thinking, grasp, comprehensive consideration, flexible use, repeated pondering, reducing the original maximum style. This can be regarded as a good translation.2.文学著作的翻译。不同背景下产生的文学作品在不同背景下的读者心中会有不同的理解与解读，而各个时代的审美情趣也是不同的。所以在跨文化的背景下，拜读他国作品是非常困难的，就像中国人无法理解莎士比亚的文学，就算翻译成中文还是略显拗口又晦涩难懂。就小说来说，反映的是世间百态，背景多样却也单纯，偏向平民路线，熟悉其民俗及语言文化翻译起来会相对简单些。而在特定背景下的文学作品，主角背景复杂，内容繁多，翻译过程中是无法忽略，如莎士比亚所著的“罗密欧与朱丽叶”。因此，对人物内心的解读要准确又独到，这样翻译出来的作品更能深入人心，当读者理解的了人物的内心，阅读起来才不会困难。这就需要译者熟悉所译语言国家的地域文明、宗教信仰、语言文化、社会条件等各种跨文化因素，并能熟悉运用而后传达给读者。2 translations of literary works. The different background of literature in the context of different people will have different understanding and interpretation, and the aesthetic taste are different. So in cross-cultural background, read his countrys work is very difficult, as Chinese cannot understand Shakespeares literature, even if translated into Chinese or slightly awkward and hard to understand. The novel, is a reflection of human nature, but also simple bias from diverse backgrounds, the civilian route, familiar with the customs and language and culture in translation will be easier. In the specific context of literary works, the protagonist of complex background, the content of many, in the process of translation can not be neglected, such as Romeo and Juliet Shakespeares . Therefore, interpretation of the person must be accurate and unique, so the translated works can win support among the people, as the reader to understand the minds of the characters, not only difficult to read. This requires the translator to be familiar with the language of national civilization, religion, language and culture, social conditions and other cultural factors, and be familiar with and then conveyed to the readers.3.在影视作品上。影视作品主要为电影及电视剧，表现的是人物的日常生活，场景、情节也更现实化，偏近生活。因此，影视作品中的台词大多口语化。爱看美剧、英剧的人常会在里面听到一些口语、俚语。有一个小故事：一位留学生手上拿满东西，途中遇到一位女士，女士看着他笑问：“You have matches?”留学生一愣，回答说：“不好意思，我不抽烟。”那位女士意识到他误解了自己的意思，有点抱歉的说：“Its a joke.”然后就尴尬的笑了笑走开。后来，留学生和美国朋友交谈询问时提起才知道这是一个没有恶意的玩笑，是问需不需要帮忙。这种尴尬的事相信对于不够了解俚语的人会常发生。因此，翻译字幕时也要非常熟悉口语、俚语、习语，才能保证句意不出错，不给观众传达不正确的信息。3 in the film and television works. The film and television works mainly for the films and TV dramas, is the performance of the daily life of the characters, scenes, the plot is more realistic, partial close to life. Therefore, the film and television works. Most colloquial. Love movie, English drama people often hear some colloquial, slang inside. There is a small story: take things a source, met a lady, the lady looked at him and asked: You have matches? one Leng, students answer says: feel shy, I dont smoke. The woman realized that he had misunderstood, a bit sorry to say: It s a joke. and then smiled embarrassing away. Later, students and USA friends when asked about to know that this is not a bad joke, is ask need help. This kind of embarrassing to not understand slang believe people will often occur. Therefore, subtitle translation should also very familiar colloquial, slang, idioms, in order to ensure that the meaning of the sentence is not wrong, do not give the audience the incorrect information. Chapter Three跨文化下的商业经济贸易Cross culture business trade and economic【字体Times New Roman粗黑体; 字号小四】 了解世界各地的民族文化，有利于开拓国际市场，有利于吸引消费者的青睐，有利于提高经济效益。使国际间商业往来更加便利无障碍。To understand the world of national culture, to explore the international market, to attract consumers, can increase economic efficiency. The international commercial transactions more convenient accessibility.1. 对于广告、商标的翻译。好的商标译名对消费者心里所产生的印象是很关键的，会激发消费者的购买欲望。中国人在意吉利，而外国人也是如此。中国著名服装品牌“Goldon Lion”的中文名为金利来，这是一个对于中国人来说非常吉利的名字，但它的原名为“金狮”，虽然听起来也是很有气势的一个名字，但在商业上，“狮”谐音“失”，意为失去，是生意场上的禁忌。而在英语中“lion”谐音“die”，也是一个不吉利的词。因此，翻译时要注意避开一些不好的谐音。又如“coca cola”可口可乐，这是一种直译，使这个商品类型更加突出，让消费者一听就会想购买想尝试，因此，这个商品在进入中国市场后就风靡至今。美国著名运动品牌“Nike”的广告语“Just do it”起初的译名为“想做就做”，对于自由开放的美国是不会大惊小怪的，但对于中国消费者来说会觉得有诱导青少年之嫌，因此后来改为“应做就做”。因此，好的商标广告译名会为该产品取得宣传推广的作用。1 for advertising, trademark translation. The translation of a trademark which produces to the hearts of consumers a good impression is very important, will stimulate consumer desire to buy. Chinese about Geely, foreigners and so. Chinese famous clothing brand Goldon Lion Chinese called Goldlion, this is one for Chinese very auspicious name, but it was formerly known as the Golden Lion, although a name that sounds is very powerful, but in business, Lion homophonic lost, meaning lost, is a taboo. While in English Lion sound die, is a bad word. Therefore, the translation should pay attention to avoid the homophonic bad. Such as Coca Cola Coca-Cola, this is a literal translation, the types of goods is more prominent, so that consumers will want to buy to try, therefore, the price in the market after the popular so far into the Chinese. Famous motion America brand Nike slogan Just do it was translated as just do it, for free and open American will not get excited over a little thing, but for Chinese consumers will feel induced teenagers too, it was later changed to should do it. Therefore, good brand advertising translation for the products to achieve the role of promotion.2.商务英语的一词多义。一般来说，在某个特殊领域的词具有单义性，但同时也存在很多一词多义的词汇，译者要分析原语中的多义词在特定的语言环境中的具体含义，准确无误地使之在目的语中再现。商务英语中专业术语的表达方式一经确立不会因时代的变迁轻易改变，但会随着时代添加进许多新的名词，新的表达方式。对于商务人士来说，最重要的就是生意往来时翻译的准确性了，有时日常的单词在商业上会变成商务专有名词，一个误差就会造成经济损失，严重的会导致生意谈判破裂。如进出口贸易中“discount”表示“折扣”， 在金融行业指的是“贴现，贴现率”。 商务上大量会使用缩略词，出于对效率的考虑，商务活动中很多时候采用具有简约特色的缩略词。翻译中要注意其所指是否惟一，例如WTO可为“World Trade Organization”世界贸易组织，也可为“WorId Tourism Organization”世界旅游组织。缩略词使用率高，已经被人们广泛接受。译者要多查阅资料熟悉各类缩略词的表达，以及意义。2 business English polysemy. Generally speaking, in a special field has a single meaning of the word, but there are also a lot of polysemous words, the translator should analyze the specific meaning of a polysemous word primitives in certain language environment, accurately reproduced in the target language. Expressions in Business English terminology by establishing not because of the changes of the times change, but with the added many new t