非谓语动词的逻辑主语.ppt

三种非谓语动词三种非谓语动词 的的 逻辑主语逻辑主语 非谓语动词意义上的行为执 行者就是其逻辑主语. 如果其逻辑主语与非谓语动 词之间是主动关系, 则非谓语 动词要用主动语态形式; 如果 是被动关系, 则用被动语态形 式. 一.不定式的逻辑主语 1.一般来说,动词不定式的逻 辑主语就是句中的主语. I am sorry to hear that. We need oxygen to breath. He was seen to go out with a man. He wants to learn English. Some stars are too small to be seen. This point to be explained is about the long history of iron. 2.在以“宾语不定式”的复 合结构中，宾语就是不定式的 逻辑主语 She wants you to call him back at 11. I often heard him sing the song. They want the machine to be tested at once. 3.在“ for/of ”+名词（或代 词的宾格）动词不定式的结 构中，“ for/of ” 后的名词 （或代词的宾格）为动词不定 式的逻辑主语 This is for you to decide. I dont think it advisable(可取 的） for her to study medicine There are a lot of experiment for the students to do. This box is too heavy for him to carry. Its important for the students to learn a foreign language. Its very kind of you to dinner. 二动名词的逻辑主语 He avoided giving us a definite answer. Have you finished reading the book? Ive been looking forward to going to Beijing for a long time. Norman hated being a fool. 2.动名词的逻辑主语如果不与 句子的主语一致，则该动名词 前一般有一个物主代词或名词 所有格作为它的逻辑主语这 种 “ 物主代词或名词所有格 动名词 ” 结构就是动名词 的复合结构它在句中具有主 语，表语、定语或宾语的功能 。 Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Do you think her going there will be of any help? They all thought Lao Lis going there a great mistake. I had no idea of their having done such a thing. 注意: 在现代英语中, 尤其是在口 语中, 如果不是在句子的开头, 这 种逻辑主语常可用名词的通格 (或 人称代词的宾格)来代替, 这比用 所有格更自然些. He didnt like young people / them smoking. She was awaken by someone knocking at the door. 三.分词的逻辑主语 1.分词作状语时,其逻辑主语 就是句中的主语. When heated, water will be changed into vapour. Given enough time, he would do it better. While heating water, we can change it into vapour. Being a league member, he always sets a good example to others. 2.分词作宾语补足语时, 宾语 就是其逻辑主语. Suddenly I head the door opened. Suddenly I heard someone opening the door. 3分词作定语时, 被修饰的名词 就是其逻辑主语. The hours being built is our laboratory. Officials say diseases caused directly by smoking kill at least 320,000 Americans every year. Some companies are offering special gifts and lower prices to people signing an agreement to stop smoking. 4.分词独立结构 分词作状语时,有时其逻辑主 语与句中的主语不一致,它可 以有自己的逻辑主语.该逻辑 主语通常用名词的通格或代 词的主格表示,放在分词的前 面. 构成”名词通格(或代词主格) + 分词”的结构,称为分词独立结 构.该结构通常修饰整个句子,表 示时间、原因、条件或伴随情 况. The problem having been solved, we ended the meeting.(=having solved the problem, we ended the meeting. The rain having ruined her cap, she had to buy a new one. The night being dark, she was afraid to go there. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 注意:分词独立结构主要用于 描绘性文字中;口语中用状语 从句或并列句更自然些. 5.分词独立结构前面有时带有 “with/wit