定语从句注意的问题.ppt

高考复习指导 定语从句中应注意的 几个问题 一.概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 二. 原则 a.定语从句一般跟在先行词后面，限制修饰先行词。 b.定语从句必须用关系词来引导。 c.关系词在定语从句中作一个句子成分. 三、引导定语从句的关系词 指代人 who，whom，that 指代事物 which，that, as 所属关系 whose，of which 指地点 where=介词+which 指时间 when=介词+which 指原因 why=for which 四、关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互 换，但下列情况只用that，不用which. All _ can be done has been done. Do you have anything _ you dont understand ? that that 1、先行词是all,little,much,something,anything 等不定代词，引导定语从句用that 。 2、先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时， 引导定语从句用that 。 This is the best TV _ is made in China. The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum. that that Ive read all the books _ you lent me. Please send us any information _ you have about the subject. 3、先行词被 any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very, only,last修饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 4、先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语 从句用that . They talked of things and persons _ happened in the school. that that that Who is the man _ came this morning ? Which is the bag _ you lost ? 5、主句是who,which开头的特殊疑问句 ，引导定语从句用that 。 that that 6、先行词被the very ,the only 所修饰时 ，引导定语从句用that。 He is the very person _ the police are looking for. This is the only thing _ I can remember. that that 五、不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况 He made the same mistakes again ,_ made his parents very angry. Mr Smith,_ gave a talk several months ago,will come again. which who 1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which ，指人用who或whom。 2、在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom 。 This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars. Xiao Wang ,with _ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much. which whom 六、注意：如何判断介词 1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 The girl _ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend . for on 2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar. with 3、根据先行次判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配 The rate _ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased. This is our classroom ,_ which there is a teachers desk. 4、名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom Ten persons died in the accident ,5 of _ are women. There are two left, one of _ is almost finished ,and the other of _ is not quite. I have a sentence , the meaning of _ I dont understand. whom which which which at in the front of 七. as 作为关系代词， 习惯上用于下列词组：the sameas such .as as . as as you know, as we have seen, as is known to all, as anybody can see, as was expected, . We are facing the same problem as we did years ago. 注：1、as与which在代替句子时的用法区别： as引导的从句可放在主句的句首，句中或句尾， which引导的从句只可放在主句的句尾 2、as 引导的定语从句与that引导的结果状语从句区别。 This is so large a stone _ no one can lift it . This is so large a stone _ no one can lift . that as 八. 定语从句和同位语从句的区别在于: 1. 定语从句相当于形容词作定语， 对先行词加以限制 或修饰，连接词that在定语从句中充当某个成分 。 2、同位语从句相当于名词，对先行词加以补充或说明 ，而that在同位语从句不充当句子成分 。 The promise that my uncle gave me made us happy. （定语从句） The promise that my uncle would give me a new bike made us happy. (同位语从句) 九、关系代词what和that的区别: 先比较下列句子 中的what和that: He told us the things that he had seen. He told us what he had seen. This is the words which I said. This is what I said. 可以看出what 实际上等于是”the thing that(which)”, 即 ”先行词+关系词”. 因此在句中如果已有先行词，则不能 用what，而只能用that(which)，如没有先行词，则用 what。what是 一个没有先行词的关系词。 十、Where 引导的定语从句。 先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽 象名词，用引导定语从句。从句做状语。 This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood. The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one. Ill show you the paint where you failed. 注意 1若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或 that引导定语从句。 The library _ students often study was on fire last night. The library, _ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing. The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990. where which which 注意 2区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句 Where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语 从句，否则是状语从句。 When you read books ,you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. When you read books , you had better make a mark where you have any questions. When 引导的定语从句 。 先行词是表示时间的名词，用when引导定 语从句。when作状语。 Ill never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you. This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing . We will put off the outing until next week, when we wont be busy. 注意 ： 先行词是表时间词，若定语从句缺主 语或宾语，用which或that引导定语 从句。 Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _ I spent on campus. Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you. when whichthat whichthat why引导的定语从句 。 先行词是表示原因的名词，用why引导定语从句。 Why在从句作状语。 This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here. 但：若定语从句缺主语宾语时， The reason _ she gave was not true. whichthat whose 引导的