2015年口语大赛---图表描述.doc

口语大赛培训教案（一）-现场描述（看图说话）一、图表描述应注意的问题1) 总趋势的描述必须准确，要看出总的规律、趋势，抓住特征。2）要突出重点,抓住图表中的极端点。如：最大或最小、最多或最少、最好和最差。3）图表往往提供大量数据，选手应该仔细观察分析，从中选择有效信息，图表上资料、数据的描述必须选择重点，不能事无巨细，一一列出。4）充分利用图表中提供的文字或说明。同样，图表中没有的信息不能凭主观任意捏造。5）说明、描述图表时应该注意动词时态，属于过去发生的应该用一般过去时，属于经常发生的应该用一般现在时。6）句子结构要力求有变化，不要总是一个句型，尤其要注意分词短语和其它小短语的穿插运用。7）应该熟练掌握一些固定句型和表达方式。并要将这些表达练熟，不要出错。8）文章的结构应该规范。即：introduction, main body and conclusion三个部分。通常开头30个字左右，中间100个字左右，结尾20到30个字。二、 图标描述常识1、图形种类及概述法数据图表：a data graph/chart/diagram/illustration/table 饼图：pie chart 表格图：table 直方图或柱形图：bar chart / histogram 趋势曲线图：line chart / curve diagram 流程图或过程图：flow chart / sequence diagram 程序图：processing/procedures diagram 圆柱图：column chart 描述：Show/describe/illustrate/apparent/reveal/represent/demonstrate/indicate/depict 2、图表中的数据（Data）具体表达法1）数据（Data）在某一个时间段固定不变：fixed in time在一系列的时间段中转变：changes over time持续变化的data在不同情况下：增加：increase / raise / rise / go up 减少：decrease / grow down / drop / fall 波动：fluctuate / rebound / undulate / wave 稳定：remain stable / stabilize / level off 最常用的两种表达法：动词+副词形式（Verb+Adverb form）形容词+名词形式（Adjective+Noun form）2）表示数据变化的单词或者词组rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的，险峻的dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，生动的significant/significantly有意义的，重大的，重要的sharp/sharply锐利的，明显的，急剧的steep/steeply急剧升降的steady/steadily稳固的，坚定不移的gradual/gradually渐进的，逐渐的slow/slowly缓慢的，不活跃的slight/slightly轻微的、略微地stable/stably稳定的3）其它在描述中的常用到的词significant changes图中一些较大变化noticeable trend明显趋势during the same period在同一时期grow/grew增长distribute分布，区别unequally不相等地in the case of adv.在的情况下in terms of / in respect of / regarding在方面in contrast相反，大不相同government policy政府政策market forces市场规率measure n.尺寸，方法，措施v.估量，调节forecast n.先见，预见v.预测三、我们已经提过图表作文可细分为表格、曲线图、柱形图和圆形图。弄懂这四种图在写作方面的各自特点，我们才可以写好这种类型的作文：1）表格形式要求考生对表格中所给出的大量数字进行比较分析，从中找出其变化规律。2）曲线图形式要求考生认真观察坐标系所显示的数据信息，并且密切注意交汇在坐标横轴和纵轴上的数字及单位。3）柱形图形式要求考生通过宽度相等的柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，因此考生应密切关注坐标线上的刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。4）圆形图形式旨在要求考生准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的圆形图所传达的信息。考生应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。四、一些较常用的描述用法 The table/chart diagram/graph shows (that) According to the table/chart diagram/graph As (is) shown in the table/chart diagram/graph As can be seen from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures, Figures/statistics shows (that). It can be seen from the figures/statistics We can see from the figures/statistics It is clear from the figures/statistics It is apparent from the figures/statistics Table/chart/diagram/graph figures (that)The table/chart diagram/graph shows （that）It can be seen from the figures/statisticsWe can see from the figures/statisticsTable/chart/diagram/graph shows/describes/illustrates how1. As is shown by the graph, （概述图表）in the table.e.g. 正如曲线所示，最近54年来该国人口飞速增长。As is shown by the graph, there has been a rapid increase in the population of the country in the past five years.2. It can be seen from the table that （得出结论）shown graph; concluded figures; estimated statisticse.g. A. 从表中所给的统计数字可以看出，从1985年到1990年中国的人均收入迅速提高。From the statistics given in the table it can be seen that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased (grew 、rose) rapidly from 1985 to 1990.B. 从曲线图可以得出结论，最近5年来中国人口的出生率已经大大下降。It can be concluded from the graph that there has been a great decline in birth rates in China in the past five years.3. amount to （数量总计）add up to come to sum up toe.g. 全部费用合计200美元。All the expenses (costs) amount to (= add up to) $ 200.4. increase from to （数量增减） decrease /rise / fall /drope.g. A. 这个工厂生产的彩电已由1986年的5000台增加到1990年的21000台。The number of color TV sets produced by the factory increased (rose, grew, climbed) from 5000 in 1986 to 21000 in 1990.B.参加者的人数增加到30万。The number of participants grew up to 300000 persons = increased, reaching 300000 persons).C. 这个学校的教职工人数已减少到700人。The number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased to 700 persons.5.（be）three times as + 形容词 + as 总产量 total output 钢的年产量 the annual output of e.g. 上升17% rise by 17per cent steel日产量 the daily output 导致产量下降 result in a diminished output 现在我们地区的粮食产量相当于1970年的3倍。The grain production (= output)in our area now is three times as great as that of 1970.6.Compared with , e.g. 与去年相比，今年13项主要产品的产量都有大幅度增长。Compared with that of last year, the output of 13 main products (= items) this year has increased to a great extent.7.There is (was) a rapid rise in be on the rise/ has been sharp increase on the increase/ sudden decrease on the decline/ steady decline/ gradual fall/ slow drop/ slighte.g.最近几年来这个地区的棉花产量有了迅速增长。The cotton output in this area has increased rapidly in the past few years.“结尾”段落中常用的句型：1. In my opinion, 2. Personally, I 3. In short (= In brief), 4. In conclusion, 5.As far as Im concerned, 6. To conclude , it seems clear that 至于说到我，我赞成前一种观点。所以，我的结论是，只要我们坚持正确的东西，改正错误的东西，我们就一定能成功。As far as Im concerned, Im in favor of the former view. Therefore, my conclusion is that we are certain to succeed as long as we stick to what is right and correct what is wrong.五、英语图表写作套句精选1. The table shows the changes in the number ofover the period fromto该表格描述了在年之年间数量的变化。2. The bar chart illustrates that该柱状图展示了3. The graph provides some interesting data regarding该图为我们提供了有关有趣数据。4. The diagram shows （that）该图向我们展示了5.the pie graph depicts （that）该圆形图揭示了6. This is a cure graph which describes the trend of这个曲线图描述了的趋势。7.the figures/statistics show （that）数据（字）表明8. The tree diagram reveals how该树型图向我们揭示了如何9.the data/statistics show （that）该数据（字）可以这样理解10. The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that这些数据资料令我们得出结论11. as is shown/demonstrated/exhibited in the diagram/graph/chart/table如图所示12. according to the chart/figures根据这些表（数字）13. As is shown in the table如表格所示14.as can be seen from the diagram，great changes have taken place in从图中可以看出，发生了巨大变化。15. from the table/chart/diagram/figure，we can see clearly thator it is clear/apparent from the chart that从图表我们可以很清楚（明显）看到16. This is a graph which illustrates这个图表向我们展示了17. This table shows the changing proportion of a & b fromto该表格描述了年到年间a与b的比例关系。18. the graph，presented in a pie chart， shows the general trend in该图以圆形图形式描述了总的趋势。19. This is a column chart showing这是个柱型图，描述了20.as can be seen from the graph，the two curves show the fluctuation of如图所示，两条曲线描述了的波动情况。21. Over the period fromtotheremained level.在至期间，基本不变。22. In the year betweenand在年到期间23. in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 19981995年至1998三年里24. From then on/from this time onwards从那时起25.the number ofremained steady/stable from （month/year） to （month/year）。月（年）至月（年）的数量基本不变。26. The number sharply went up to数字急剧上升至27. The percentage ofstayed the same betweenand至期间的比率维持不变。28.the figures peaked atin（month/year）的数目在月（年）达到顶点，为29. The percentage remained steady at比率维持在30. The percentage ofis slightly larger/smaller than that of的比例比的比例略高（低）。31. There is not a great deal of difference betweenand 与的区别不大。32. the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of该图表表明的数目增长了三倍。33decreased year by year whileincreased steadily.逐年减少，而逐步上升。34.the situation reached a peak（a high point at） of %.的情况（局势）到达顶（高）点，为百分点。35. The figures/situation bottomed out in 数字（情况）在达到底部。36. The figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough. 数字（情况）达到底部（低谷）。37. A is times as much/many as b.a是b的倍。38. A increased by a增长了39. A increased to a增长到40. high/low/great/small/ percentage 比低高（低）41. There is an upward trend in the number of 数字呈上升趋势。42. A considerable increase/decrease occurred fromto到发生急剧上升。43. fromtothe rate of decrease slows down.从到，下降速率减慢。44.from this year on，there was a gradual decline reduction in the，reaching a figure of从这年起，逐渐下降至45. be similar to 与相似46. Be the same as 与相同47. There are a lot of similarities/differences betweenand与之间有许多相似（不同）之处48. a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。49. The difference between a and b lies ina与b之间的差别在于50（year）witnessed/saw a sharp rise in 年急剧上升口语大赛培训教案（二）-现场描述（看图说话）一、图表常用经典句子：图表常用经典句子： 开头： 1. As can be seen from the chart/graph/table. 2. It can be seen from the statistics that. 3. As revealed/shown/stated/noted in the picture. 4. The chart gives information that. 描述： 1. There was a rise/increase/upward trend from.to. 2. It has risen to an average of. 3. There was a fall/decrease/reduction/decline/drop/downward trend from.to. 4. It has fallen/dropped/declined to. 结论： 1. From the analyses above, we can draw the conclusion that. 2. From the data we gathered from the above graph, we can conclude that. 3. According to the information gathered above, we may reach the conclusion that. 4. According to what has been discussed above, we can arrive at the conclusion that. 5. The graph reflects that. 用于引言段的句子： 1. When asked about.the majority of people say. 2. Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of. 3. With the development of.great changes have taken place in. 4. There is a general discussion about. 5. Many people often ask this question. 6. There is no doubt that. 7. It is well-known/generally/said/argued/held that. 8. Some people argue/claim that. 用于扩展段的句子 1. There are several reasons for.but in general, they come down to three major ones 2. It can be easily proved that. 3. None can deny that. 4. There are many factors that may account for.but the following are the most typical ones 5. Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective 6. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows 7. In many cases, however, there is something beyond our expectation, yet we can compare and contrast all the relevant factors and find a way out in between 8. We can take it for granted that. 提出与前面相反的观点： 1. As a popular saying goes, “A coin has two sides. 2. But as most other things, it has its own problems. 3. However, it is not without shortcomings. 4. But things are changing from place to place/from time to time/from person to person, and nothing should be taken in isolation.5. Besides, we cant neglect the fact that. 6. In spite of the advantages, it also has its own disadvantages. 7. Different people have different views on. 8. When it comes to. 9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different. 10. The most striking difference is that A., while B. 提出自己的观点： 1. Contrary to the popular thought, I prefer. 2. As far as I am concerned. 3. While it is generally believed that.I argue that. 4. From my point of view. 5. In my opinion. 6. My view on it is as follows. 7. To tell you the truth. 用于结尾段的句子： 1. From/According to what has been discussed/analyzed above, we can draw/reach/come to/arrive at the conclusion that. 2. In a word/In brief/In conclusion. 3. It might be the time that some attention should be paid to. 4. Taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at the conclusion that. 5. It is high time that we put an end to the tendency of. 6. We must look for a immediate method/measure, if the current tendency is allowed to continue/proceed, it will surely/ certainly lead to/result in the heavy cost of. 7. No effective solution can be at hand to deal with the problem of.but the common/general recognition of the importance of.might be the first step towards. 8. There is no easy method to the problem of., but.might be helpful. 9. There is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of. 10. It is necessary that effective action should be taken to prevent the situation. 11. It remains to be seen whether.but the prospect is not encouraging. 12. To reverse the trend is not an easy job, and it requires a keen consciousness of.习题一：假如你是李华，在最近的研究性学习当中，受21世纪中学生英语报 （The 21st Century）之邀，你对你所在的班60名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。现将调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报道此事，以引起舆论的关注，并提出你的观点和建议。习题二：下列表格为某市1996年与2006年人们度假方式的情况比较，请按表格内容写一篇150词左右的短文，并对度假方式变化原因加以简要评析。年度19962006原因境外旅游11%22%收入增加海边度假38%31%海水污染爬山野营11%34%回归自然习题一：I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet. The girls favorite is chatting, but few boys like it. What the boys like to do most is playing games and the girls also like it. Both boys and girls like to read news or send e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think its the most convenient way to get information from keeping in touch with friends. As for studying, the numbers of boys and girls are equal, but altogether only several of them will use the Internet as a tool to study.In my opinion, useful as the Internet is, the students had better make better and wise use of it. Otherwise, its impossible for us to benefit from it. Moreover, I also hope the parents will pay enough attention to their children using the Internet in their spare time.习题二：The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1996 to 2006.The table shows that a greater number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad in 2006. The rate of 2006 (22%) doubled that of 1996 (11%).