中科院英语听说教程《轻松听轻松说》上册听力原文及答案Unit13.pdf

109 UNITUNITUNITUNIT 13131313 CouldCouldCouldCouldYouYouYouYouTellTellTellTellMeMeMeMe How?How?How?How? InquiringInquiringInquiringInquiring andandandand GivingGivingGivingGiving InstructionsInstructionsInstructionsInstructions IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Many times we want to learn a recipe or a procedure and many times we want to show others how to operate a piece of equipment in everyday life or in laboratory research. When we do these activities, we may ask for instructions, describe a thing, give instructions and/or check understanding. These activities are often intermingled in a single conversation. When describing an object, a piece of equipment, a machine or a gadget to another person, we explain its size, shape, color, material, appearance, use and functions. There is usually a little difference between telling someone how something works and instructing them how to use it themselves. When explaining how something works, a more general description is given, whereas when giving instructions, more details are needed and more repetitions too. Also, when giving instructions, we often link the steps like this: “The first thing you have to do is.” or “Make sure you remember to.” and many other expressions. If you are giving instructions to someone, youll probably have to check as you go along by asking questions like “Are you with me?” to see if your listener has understood. AnswersAnswersAnswersAnswers totototo thethethethe Questions:Questions:Questions:Questions: 1. Instructing means telling people how to make, use or operate something. 2. Check understanding. BackgroundBackgroundBackgroundBackground Information:Information:Information:Information: Besides the points in the introduction, there are some other things you need to consider when giving instructions. First, make your instructions or explanations clearly and logically, step by step or point by point. Second, you may need to repeat or amplify some details which were not clear to your listeners. Sometimes classification is needed. Third, you should use vocabulary that your listeners will understand, and if its necessary, explain some technical terms. Fourth, you must avoid making your sentences too long or too complex. Fifth, you need to use the same person in speaking all the time. For example, if you start with “first you take.”, do not shift to first (I) or third person (he or she): “then I.” Finally, if necessary, you may summarize your instruction briefly. With these points in mind plus some functional expressions, you should have few problems in giving instructions. 110 PartPartPartPart OneOneOneOneListeningListeningListeningListening InInInIn George: Sally? Sally:Yes,George? George: Could you please help me for a minute? Sally: Sure. What is it? George: Im afraid I dont know how to transfertransfertransfertransfer a call to another office. Could you possibly tell me how? Sally: Id be glad to. First, press the red button to put the caller on “hold.” Then, dial the extension of the other office.After that, . George: Excuse me. I didnt get the second step. Could you please repeat it? Sally: Sure. After you press the red button to put the caller on “hold,” you dial the extensionextensionextensionextension of the other office. George: Okay. Now Im following you. What do I do after that? Sally: Tell the other office they have a call. George: Uh-huh. Sally: And finally, hang up and the call will be transferred. George: Okay. Let me see if Ive got that right. First, I press the red button to put the caller on “hold.” Then, I dial the extension of the other office. Sally: Um-hmm. George: After that, I tell the other office they have a call. And finally, I hang up and the call will be transferred. Sally: Good.Youve got it. George: Thanks very much. Sally:Youre welcome. AnswersAnswersAnswersAnswers totototo thethethethe Questions:Questions:Questions:Questions: 1. George needs some help. 2. He needs to know how to transfer a call to another office. 3. Press the red button to put the caller on “hold.” 4. He asks Sally to repeat the second step. 5. Tell the other office they have a call. 6. He has to hang up so the call will be transferred. 7.Yes,he did. PartPartPartPartTwoTwoTwoTwoBetterBetterBetterBetter ListeningListeningListeningListening 111 SectionSectionSectionSectionA A A A A: Your meat loaf was delicious! B: Oh, did you really like it? A:Yes.Verymuch. It was excellent! B: Well, thank you for saying so. A: In fact, could I ask you for the reciperecipereciperecipe? B: Sure. Its really very easy. First, mix together one egg, two teaspoons of salt, and two pounds of groundgroundgroundground beefbeefbeefbeef. Then, add twelve ounces of milk and a cup of bread crumbs. Are you with me so far? A:Yes,Im with you. B: Okay. Next, put the mixture into a greasedgreasedgreasedgreased baking pan. And after that, bake it for an hour and fifteen minutes at 350 degrees. A: Wait a minute! I didnt get the last step. Could you repeat that part? B: Sure. Bake it for an hour and fifteen minutes at 350 degrees. A: Now Ive got it. Is that it? B:Yes.Thats it! A: Thanks very much. B: My pleasure. AnswersAnswersAnswersAnswers totototo thethethethe Questions:Questions:Questions:Questions: 1. Meat loaf. 2. One egg, two teaspoons of salt, two pounds of ground beef, twelve ounces of milk, a cup of bread crumbs, and grease. 3. First, you mix one egg, two teaspoons of salt and two pounds of ground beef together. 4. Then, you add twelve ounces of milk and a cup of bread crumbs. 5. In greased baking pan. 6.An hour and fifteen minutes. 7. Four steps. SectionSectionSectionSection B B B B ConversationConversationConversationConversation OneOneOneOne A: Hows your first day on the job going? B: Fine. A: Im glad to hear that. Tell me, have you ever used a floor-polishing machine before? B: No, I havent.CouldCouldCouldCould youyouyouyou showshowshowshow memememe howhowhowhow? ? ? ? 112 A: Certainly. First,sprayspraysprayspray thethethethe waxwaxwaxwaxon the floor. B: I see. A: Then,polishpolishpolishpolish thethethethe floorfloorfloorfloorwith a back-and-forth motion like this. Do you think youve got that? B:Yes.Im sure I I I I wonwonwonwon t t t t havehavehavehave anyanyanyany troubletroubletroubletrouble. . . . A: Make sure you let me know if you have any questions. B: I will. Thanks. ConversationConversationConversationConversation TwoTwoTwoTwo John: Lets try a game! Dont you want to play? Susan: OK. Here is a game. I tested it last week ontwelve-twelve-twelve-twelve- to to to to fifteen-year-oldsfifteen-year-oldsfifteen-year-oldsfifteen-year-olds, and they found it to be too easyin other words. boring. I think it might be just right forten-ten-ten-ten- to to to to twelve-year-oldstwelve-year-oldstwelve-year-oldstwelve-year-olds. . . . John: Id like to try, Susan. Susan: First, you shuffleshuffleshuffleshuffle thethethethe deckdeckdeckdeck and lay them face down. Then you select the leader. Ill be the leader. The leader takes the first ten cards and lays them face up on this standstandstandstand. Herearetenletters:h-t-e-r-c-z-e-p-e-s,see?Everyonegetsgetsgetsgetsa a a aturnturnturnturn,going counterclockwisecounterclockwisecounterclockwisecounterclockwise, left to right.Youhave thirty seconds tomakemakemakemake a a a a wordwordwordword, using as many letters as possible.Youget one point for each letter, plus the person with the longest wordgetsgetsgetsgets tentententen extraextraextraextra pointspointspointspoints. The first one to get one hundred points wins. Notes:Notes:Notes:Notes: 1. ShuffleShuffleShuffleShuffle thethethethe deckdeckdeckdeck means to mix the cards. 2. StandStandStandStand in this situation means a small rack on which the cards are placed for support. DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion Questions:Questions:Questions:Questions: 1. Do you also play games like that? Do you often play Chinese chess, or Majiang? How do you play them? 2. Have you ever worked on a cross-word puzzle or a jigsaw puzzle? 3. Give directions for playing your favorite game. Passage:Passage:Passage:Passage:ARecipe for CornCornCornCorn onononon thethethethe CobCobCobCob Tomake corn on the cob, buyfreshfreshfreshfresh corncorncorncornstill in the husk.Youll also needsaltsaltsaltsalt andandandand butterbutterbutterbutterto serve the corn. Follow these steps: First filla a a a bigbigbigbig potpotpotpotwith enough water to cover the corn. Bring the water to a boil on high 113 heat. Second, while the water isheatingheatingheatingheating upupupup, remove the husks from the corn and clean it. Youll have topullpullpullpull offoffoffoffthe strings. Third, put the corninininin thethethethe waterwaterwaterwater. When the water begins to boil again, cookfivefivefivefive minutesminutesminutesminutes longer. Next,stickstickstickstick a a a a forkforkforkfork intointointointo thethethethe corncorncorncornto see if it is tender. Then youll know that its done. Then drain the corn. Serve it withsaltsaltsaltsalt andandandand butter.butter.butter.butter. Notes:Notes:Notes:Notes: 1. CornCornCornCorn onononon thethethethe cobcobcobcob means the corn kernels havent been removed from the cob, a long woody husk (dry outer covering) enclosed core. DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion Questions:Questions:Questions:Questions: 1. Give directions for playing your favorite game. 2. Explain how to make your favorite dish. PartPartPartPartThreeThreeThreeThreeSpeakingSpeakingSpeakingSpeaking OutOutOutOut FunctionalFunctionalFunctionalFunctional ExpressionsExpressionsExpressionsExpressions AskingAskingAskingAsking forforforfor instructions:instructions:instructions:instructions: Could you possibly (tell me how to use a beeper)? Could I (possibly) ask you to (show me the procedure again)? Do you think you could (teach me how to play golf)? Do you think youd be able to (tell me the way you train the horses)? Could you (please tell me how to fly a kite)? I didnt get (that part)/I missed (the second step), please repeat that more slowly. Say it again, please. GivingGivingGivingGiving Instructions:Instructions:Instructions:Instructions: First of all you. The first thing you have to do is. After youve done that, you. The next thing you do is. Oh, and then dont forget to. Make sure you remember to. 114 Oh, and be careful not to. Well have to be more patient. Finally, I get it done (without damaging anything). CheckingCheckingCheckingChecking Understanding:Understanding:Understanding:Understanding: OK so far? Are you with me? Is that clear? Do you see what I mean? VerifyingVerifyingVerifyingVerifying Understanding:Understanding:Understanding:Understanding: Let me see if Ive got that (right). Let me see if I understand. SectionSectionSectionSectionA A A A A A A ACompleteCompleteCompleteComplete VersionVersionVersionVersion forforforforReference:Reference:Reference:Reference: A: Can you help me? B:WhatWhatWhatWhat seemsseemsseemsseems to to to to bebebebe thethethethe trouble?trouble?trouble?trouble? A: My zippers stuck. B: Let me take a look. It looks as if a piece of your blouse is caught in the zipper. A: Can you get it out without tearing the blouse? B: I think so.WeWeWeWe ll ll ll ll justjustjustjust havehavehavehave to to to to bebebebe patientpatientpatientpatientand work it out little by little. This happened to me once, and I finally got the zipper clear without tearing anything. A: Well. Be careful! I hope you can get it. This is a new blouse. B:NeverNeverNeverNever fearfearfearfear! If we go slowly,it it it it shouldshouldshouldshould comecomecomecome looselooselooseloosewithout causing any damage. PartPartPartPart FourFourFourFourComprehensiveComprehensiveComprehensiveComprehensive PracticePracticePracticePractice SectionSectionSectionSectionA A A A Baby-sittingBaby-sittingBaby-sittingBaby-sitting Before she left, Mrs. Soames gave last minute instructions to the baby sitter, a young girl of seventeen. The girl had never baby-sat before and Mrs. Soames was a little anxious. “Make yourself comfortable, Carol,” Mrs. Soames said. “Ive prepared a tray of food for you. Its on the table.Youcan, of course, listen to the radio or look at the television, but dont have it too loud because you might wake our little boy. Sound carries terribly in this house. If the boy wakes up, go to his room and stay there for a few minutes. Hell go back to sleep immediately. 115 Anyway, hes four years old, so you shouldnt have any trouble. My husband and I will be back at about eleven oclock” Mr. and Mrs. Soames returned rather later than they had expected.Alight was still on in the living-room and the television could just be heard. Mrs. Soames went to the living-room immediately and came out again a moment later holding the boy. “What was he doing there?” Mr. Soames exclaimed. “Hes wide awake?” “He was looking at the television,” Mrs. Soames said. “Wheres Carol?” Mr. Soames asked. “Shes still in the living-room. Shes fast asleep!” SuggestedSuggestedSuggestedSuggested answersanswersanswersanswers totototo thethethethe guidedguidedguidedguided note-takingnote-takingnote-takingnote-taking exercises:exercises:exercises:exercises: 1. last minute instructions to the baby sitter 2. The girl was young and had never done baby-sitting before. 3. The baby might be awakened. 4. go to his room and stay there for a few minutes 5. at about 11 oclock 6.Alight was still on in the living-room.