新视野大学英语预备级2Unit2.ppt

Unit 2 Speaking of Men and Women Leading in Pictures The recent cross-dresser on Chinese reality show Men and Women: in office and at home 2) Words to learn: cross-dressing 易装癖 Cross-dressing runs significantly counter to social norms and, therefore, can be seen as a type of transgender behavior. It does not, however, necessarily indicate transgender identity; newhalf: The Japanese word “newhalf“ is used to describe a man who has made the mental and/or physical transition to being a woman. Discussion Do you think men should always dress like men, and women should dress like women? Should there be any difference between men and women at work and at home? “Women hold up half the sky” was an old saying popular in the 1960s. Whats your opinion about it? Give some examples in the English language that show the changes as a result of the womens movement. Words and Phrases 1. suggest: v. say sth. indirectly 暗示 e.g. Her silence suggested anger. 她的沉默暗示愤怒。 Are you suggesting that I am not telling the truth? 你的意思是我没有讲实话？ put forward an idea for consideration 建议；提出（想法等） e.g. Id like to suggest another plan for our business. 我想为我们的生意提出另外一个计划。 Can you suggest how we should do it? 你能建议我们该怎么做吗？ 2. prefer: v. choose one rather than another; like one better than another 更喜欢 prefer to do sth. prefer A to B e.g. She prefers coffee to tea. 与茶相比，她更喜欢咖啡。 I prefer walking to driving a car. 我愿意步行，不愿意开车。 3. remove: v. get rid of 移去，去除 e.g. His words removed the doubts (疑虑) in her mind. 他的话打消了她的疑虑。 When oil is added to the food, it is difficult to remove it. 一旦把油掺杂到食品里，就很难再把它除去。 4. suppose: v. think or accept as true or possible认为；猜想 e.g. I dont suppose that he will agree to our suggestion. 我认为他不会同意我们的建议。 have as a condition 假设 e.g. The companys decision supposes growing sales. 公司的决定假设了销售是不断增长的。 5. sound: v. to show a particular emotion or quality in ones voice 听起来 sound + adj. e.g. What he described sounds reasonable. 他的描述听起来合情合理。 to produce a sound, or to make something produce a sound （使）发声 e.g. The bell sounded when the mail arrived. 邮件来时，铃声响了。 6. respectable a. usually of a person showing qualities that are widely held to be good or right 受人尊敬的；体面的；正派的 It is not thought to be respectable to throw (扔 ) away waste paper in public. 公共场所扔废纸被认为是不文雅的。 Phrases 6. mean by: show in writing or speech, etc. by the use of 用表示的意思 e.g. What Marx meant by a particular society was a group of people making a living together. 马克思所说的社会就是人们有组织地在一起生 活。 What do you mean by opening my letters without permission? 没得到允许就拆开我的信，你用意何在？ end in: have as a result at the end 结果为, 以 结束 e.g. Their marriage ends in divorce. 他们的婚姻以离婚告终。 His plan ended in failure. 他的计划以失败告终。 agree with: have the same opinion as (sb.) 同意 的观点 e.g. We all agree with him about the need for a new teaching building. 他提出需要建一座新教学楼，我们都表示 同意。 For once, she agreed with Dad, 总算有一次她同意了爸爸的看法。 used to do (used in the past tense) showing that sth. always happened in the past （用于过去时）过去常常 We used to have lots of friends but they all seem to have gone now. 我们过去有许多朋友，但现在他们似乎都 走了。 talk about sth. say or speak about 谈论 What we talked about did not seem to matter much. 我们谈论的事无关紧要。 The Text GJ: I know youve written a lot about how language changes when we talk about the two sexes, Doctor Speakwell. DS: Yes, I have. I find it very interesting. For example, you just called me “Doctor” . That used to suggest a man, not a woman. Actually, I prefer to be called “Doctor”. GJ: Why is that? DS: Well, you know English has several special words that people sometimes use when theyre talking about women. You probably know them, right. What do you call a woman poet? GJ: A poetess? DS: Yes. A poetess. Now these words arent used too often, but they are present in the language. However, some women dont like such words because they feel as if these words make them less important than men. GJ: What do you mean by that? DS: For example, if you say the word “actress”, people dont always think of a serious artist. They might think of some silly, beautiful woman whos more worried about her hair than she is about the play. But when you say “actor” thats not silly at all. Thats a serious word, a respectable word. GJ: I see. DS: Thats why I might call myself a professor, but never a professoress. I would never call myself a doctorette! GJ: Fine. Ill call you doctor. DS: And what about you? Should I call you Miss Jones? Mrs. Jones? GJ: Ms. Jones, please. DS: Exactly, Ms. Jones. Thats a very good example of how the language has changed in recent years, partly as a result of the womens movement. GJ: You mean the word Ms.? DS: Not just that. Weve changed dozens of words describing jobs. Think of all the words that used to end in - man. Policeman, chairman, mailman, . . . GJ: I guess theyve all changed. Now we say police officer, and chairperson, but what about mailman? DS: Mail carrier. And do you know why? Weve removed - man from these words because, after all, both men and women can do these jobs. GJ: I suppose. But not everyone would agree with you. DS: Maybe not. But I believe men and women have the same abilities. You know, language and the difference between the sexes are also a part of a peoples culture. If you travel to other cultures, youll find all sorts of amazing things. GJ: Doesnt your newest book discuss this subject? DS: Yes. I studied 17 countries, and I found out that in Japan, for example, men and women use different word endings. So if a man wants to sound more pleasant, hell use the woman type of word ending, -no, instead of -ka. Ka sounds more like a man, more direct. GJ: So a man will talk like a woman in certain situations. Hard to believe. What other interesting customs are there? DS: Youll have to wait for my next book! Language Point 1. I know youve written a lot about how language changes when we talk about the two sexes (Para.1) talk about: say or speak about 谈论 We talked about our studies. 我们谈了谈 学习的事。 We need to talk about the plans for the weekend. 我们需要谈一谈周末的计划。 Language points I know youve written a lot about how language changes when we talk about the two sexes (Para.1) Meaning: I know youve written a lot about the changes in the words we use when we talk about men and women. That used to suggest a man, not a woman. (Para.2) Meaning: In the past, people always used that word to refer to a man, not a woman. Note: 注意不要混淆used to do sth. 和 be used to (doing) sth., 前者只指过去经常发生的事；后者可指过 去、现在或将来的事，强调习惯于做什么。 I used to live on my own. 我以前是一个人住的 。 Im used to living on my own. 我习惯一个人住 。 That used to suggest a man, not a woman. (Para.2) suggest: vt. 1) say sth. indirectly 暗示 Are you suggesting that I am wrong? 你的意思 是我错了？ 2) put forward an idea for consideration 建议 ；提出（想法等） It was a mistake to suggest Paris as a meeting place. 提出将巴黎作为会晤地点是一个错误。 Actually, I prefer to be called “Doctor”. (Para.2) Meaning: In fact, I like it better if people call me “Doctor”. actually: ad. 1) in fact 实际上 He said he was going to work, but actually he went to the cinema. 他说去工 作，实际上去看电影了。 English has several special words that (Para.4) special: a. 1) not usual or common 特殊的，特别的 You are a very special person. 你是个很独特的 人。 Teachers should take care of children with special educational needs. 教师应该照顾那些需 要特殊教育的孩子。 2) for a particular purpose 专门的，特设的 There is a special train to Beijing at 1 p.m. 下 午1点有一班到北京的专列。 What do you call a woman poet? (Para.4) poet: n. C a person who writes poems 诗人 Keats was a well-known English poet. 济 慈是著名的英国诗人。 She has read all those poets. 这些诗人的 作品她全读过。 Now these words arent used too often, but they are present in the language. (Para.6) Meaning: Now we dont use these words often, but they do exist in the language. because they feel as if these words make them less important than men. (Para.6) Meaning: because they think that these words make them seem less important than men. feel as if: feel as it would be 感觉似乎 He felt as if he had been there before. 他觉得 那个地方似曾相识。 I feel as if weve never parted. 我感觉我们好像 从未分开过。 They might think of some silly, beautiful woman whos more worried about her hair than she is about the play. (Para.8) Meaning: They might think of a foolish, good-looking woman who is worried about her hairstyle, but not so worried about the success of the play. Note: 此句中的some意为“某一个”，而不是“一些”。类 似的用法还有： For some reason he didnt accept the prize. 出于某种 原因他没有接受这个奖。 silly: a. showing a lack of good sense; foolish 愚蠢的， 愚昧的，傻乎乎的 Im not wearing that hat Id look silly in it. 我不戴那 顶帽子，戴上它会很傻。 Thats a serious word, a respectable word. (Para.8) Meaning: Thats not a funny word, but a good, proper word. respectable: a. showing qualities that are socially accepted 受人尊敬的；体面的； 正派的 Wear something respectable to the party! 赴宴要衣着得体！ partly as a result of the womens movement. (Para.14) partly: ad. in some way or to some degree 部 分地；在一定程度上 The accident was partly my fault(过错)and partly the other drivers(司机). 这次事故我要负 一部分责任，另一位司机也有一部分责任。 I love Italy, partly because of the people.我喜 欢意大利，部分是因为那里的人民。 Which part of China do you come from? 您是 中国什么地方的人？ partly as a result of the womens movement. (Para.14) as a result of: because of 因为, 由于 She was late as a result of the snow. 由 于下雪，她来迟了。 Policeman, chairman, mailman (Para.16) mailman: n. (= postman) a man who takes letters and parcels to people (男)邮 递员 “It must be the mailman,” she said. 她说 ，“准是邮递员来了。” Weve removed -man from these words because (Para.18) Meaning: We no longer add -man to these words because remove: vt. 1)get rid of 除去 His words removed doubts(疑虑) in her mind(心头). 他 的话打消了她的疑虑。 He removed the dirt from his shoes. 他去除了鞋上的尘 土。 2) take away 拿走；脱掉 Please remove your shoes before you come into the room. 请先脱鞋再进房间。 Weve removed -man from these words because, after all, both (Para.18) after all: in spite of everything 毕竟，终 究 She doesnt understand. After all, shes only two. 她不懂，毕竟她才两岁。 men and women have the same abilities. (Para.20) ability: n. U; C the fact of having the skill, power to do sth. 能力，才能 Its beyond(超出)my abilities. 这事非我能 力所及。 If you travel to other cultures, youll find all sorts of amazing things. (Para.20) Meaning: If you go to other countries with different cultures, you will find all kinds of surprising things. all sorts of: all kinds of 各种各样的 Shes got all sorts of problems at the moment. 她现在有各种各样的难题。 instead of -ka. (Para.22) instead of: in place of 代替，取代 Hes been playing football all the afternoon instead of studying. 他踢了一 下午足球，没有学习。 Can you come at 7:30 instead of 8:00? 你别八点钟来了，改在七点半来行吗？ Policeman police officer Chairman chairperson Mailman mail carrier Actress Actor artist actor Doctor Doctorette doctor Professor professoress professor For example as if what you mean by (doing) thought of dozens of decade Score couple At one time Mark used to work It ended in To remove Evan from his office Rest aur ant Dark lark Opening ceremony The country that marches in the front is Greece The last is the host country Drive ai Exercise He visited/has visited 20 countries, because/as he is interested in all sorts of cultures and customs. Nobel preferred people to remember him as a man of peace. Prefer A to B I prefer watching Korean films to watching Japanese films. I prefer singing to dancing. 3. But not everyone agree with you that men and women have the same abilities. agree on your ideas that 4. This is a good example of how the language has changed as a result of the womens movement. 5. The differences between the sexes in language are, in fact, present in any kind of language. Translation 5.1 Translate the following sentences into English using the words in the brackets. 1. 2.因为他对各种文化和习俗感兴趣，他访 问过20个国家。(all sorts of) “对感兴趣”可用词组be interested in 因为句中是“访问过”，所以要用完成时态 。 He has visited 20 countries, as he is interested in all sorts of cultures and customs. 诺贝尔希望人们把他作为热爱和平的人来 记住他。(prefer) Note: prefer这个词的过去是和过去分词 要双写字母r。 Nobel preferred people to remember him as a man of peace. 但不是人人都同意你的观点，认为男人和 女人具有同样的能力。(agree with) But not everyone would agree with you that men and women have the same abilities. 这是一个很好的例子，说明在妇女运动的 影响下语言是如何变化的。(as a result of) That is a very good example of how the language has changed as a result of the womens movement. 两性在语言上的差异，实际上在所有语言 中都有。(be present in) The differences between the sexes in language are, in fact, present in any kind of language. 5.2 Translate the following sentence into Chinese. I know youve written a lot about how language changes when we talk about the two sexes. 我知道，你写了很多论著，探讨人们在谈论 两性时语言如何发生变化。 You know English has several special words that people sometimes use when theyre talking about women. 你知道，英语中有一些特殊的词是人们谈论 女性时常用的。 Weve changed dozens of words describing jobs. 许多描述职业的词都改变了。 They might think of some silly, beautiful woman whos more worried about her hair than she is about the play. 他们也许会想到某个傻乎乎的漂亮女人，她 对自己头发的关心程度远远大于她对表演的 关心。 If you travel to other cultures, youll find all sorts of amazing things. 如果你在异国文化中徜徉，便会发现各种各 样令人惊讶的事情。 Spotlight on Grammar as if / as though 分句中的动词形式 However, some women dont like such words because they feel as if these words make them less important than men. (Passage A, Unit 2) 在这句中，从属连词as if引导一个主语补语分句 。此分句中的动词形式是make，也就是说用的 是直陈语气，而不是虚拟语气，这是因为有些 妇女认为使用actress, poetess等词确实会使她 们显得不如男人重要。 从属连词as if和as though意义和用法都相同， 可用来引导主语补语分句(subject complement clause) 或状语分句(adverbial clause)。究竟用 哪种形式应视具体情况而定。E.g.： (1) He walks as if he is drunk. (2) He walks as if he were drunk. 上例第(1)句的含义是“从他走路的样子可以判断 他喝醉了”。而第(2)句含义是“他走起路来似乎 是醉醺醺的，但其实他没喝醉”。 从这两个例句可以看出，在as if / as though分句中，当 说话者认为分句中的内容是事实，或可能是事实，或很 可能发生，就用直陈语气；而当说话者认为分句中的内 容不是事实，或不可能发生，则用虚拟语气。又如： 直陈语气： He looks as if he is sick （他很可能真的病了。） You look as if youve been running. （你可能真 的在跑步。） It looks as if it is going to rain. （或许真的要下 雨了。） It looks as if we shall have to do the work ourselves. （或许我们真的要自己来做了。） 虚拟语气： It was (as hot) as if we were on the sun. （我们不可能在太阳上。） It seemed as if the night would never end. （黑夜总会结束的。） He often talks to me as if he were my father. （事实上他不是我的父亲。） She often tells us something about Shakespeare as though she had met him. （事实上她从未遇见过莎士比亚。 ） Early Foreign Language Education Children 1. The passage is mainly concerned with_. General idea 2. There is a tendency in American elementary education that more school_. 3. According to Ms Jacobson, the easiest time to learn a foreign language is_. 4. One of the advantages in learning a foreign language before adolescence is that _. 5. according to the passage, which of the following it TRUE about the three models of foreign language education in American elementary school? 6. Early foreign language education helps children_. 7. Recent studies have indicated all the following facts EXCEPT that _. 当分句动词用于直陈语气时，其形式应与主句动词相呼 应，即如主句动词是现在时，分句动词也必须用属于现 在范畴的时态；如主句动词是过去时，则分句动词也要 用属于过去范畴的时态。例如： He looks as if he is sick. He looked as if he was sick. It seems as if he has learned some English. It seemed as if he had learned some English. The boy is very quiet as if he is sleeping. The boy was very quiet as if he was sleeping. It looks as if it will rain soon. It looked as if it would rain soon. 当分句动词用于虚拟语气时，其形式常用过去时或过去 完成时。当分句所表示的时间和主句所表示的时间相同 ，通常用过去时；而当分句所表示的时间先于主句所表 示的时间，则用过去完成时。例如： The boy talks as if he were / was a man of forty. （注：如动词为be，其一般过去时形式可用were / was ，通常were用于较正式的语体，而was用于非正式语体 。）(talk和be所表示的时间相同。) He works as though he never felt tired. (work和 feel所表示的时间相同。) She looked as if she were/was listening to some beautiful music. (look和listen所表示的时间相同。) He often tells stories about the war as though he had taken part in it. (take part in先于tell。) I felt very tired as if I hadnt slept a minute the night before. (sleep先于feel。) They talked as if they had been friends for years. (be先于talk。) 当分句所表示的时间迟于主句所表示的 时间，分句动词通常用would + 动词原形 。例如： The rai