2012年职称英语考试理工类A级真题试卷及参考答案.doc

2012年职称英语考试理工类a级真题试卷及参考答案第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. he shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg. 1 a.control b. easy c. experience d. suffer2. our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded. 2 a.offer b. provide c. modernize d. fund3. she moves from one (exotic) location to another.3 a.unusual b. familiar c. similar d. proper 4. nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.4 a.teach b. help c. discourage d. attract 5. the photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in france. 5 a.refreshed b. stored c. blocked d. erased6. the weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.6 a. hot b. heavy c. fresh d. windy7. every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality. 7 a. success b. description c. evidence d. plan8. her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely. 8 a. slightly b. completely c. partly d. faintly 9. the walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks. a . big b. empty c. long d. now10. we almost (ran into) a rolls-royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.a. overtook b. hit c. passed d. found 11. when i heard the noise in the next room, i couldnt resist having a (peep) look. 9 a.chance b. visit c. look d. try12. he has been granted (asylum) in france. a. power b. relief c. protection d. license13. he was (weary) of the constant battle between them. a. fond b. tired c. proud d. afraid14. newborn babies can (discriminate) between a mans and a womans voice. a. treat b. distinguish c. express d. analyzes15. all the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.a. color b. size c. function d. arrangement答案：alleviateease updatemodernize exoticunusual induceattractevokedrefreshed crispfresh profiledescription utterlycompletely hollowempty ran intohit peeplook asylumprotection wearytired discriminatedistinguish layoutarrangement 第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择a；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择b；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择c。europas watery underworldeuropa, one of jupiters 63 known moons, looks bright and icy on the surface. but appearances can be deceiving: miles within its cracked, frigid shell, europa probably hides giant pools of liquid water. where scientists find liquid water, they hope to find life as well.since we cant go diving into europas depths just yet, scientists instead have to investigate the moons surface for clues to what lies beneath. in a new study, scientists investigated one group of strange ice patterns on europa and concluded that the formations mark the top of an underground pool that holds as much water as the u.s. great lakes.pictures of europa, which is slightly smaller than earths moon, clearly show a tangled(错综复杂的), icy mishmash（混合物） of lines and cracks known as “chaos terrains.（混乱地形）” these chaotic places cover more than half of europa. for more than 10 years, scientists have wondered what causes the formations. the new study suggests that they arise from the mixing of vast underground stores of liquid water with icy material near the surface.for scientists who suspect that europa also may be hiding life beneath its icy surface, the news about the new lake is exciting.“it would be great if these lakes harbored life,” britney schmidt, a planetary scientist who worked on the study, told science news. “but even if they didnt, they say that europa is doing something interesting and active right now.”schmidt, a scientist at the university of texas at austin, and her colleagues wanted to know how chaos terrains form. since they couldnt rocket to europa to see for themselves, they searched for similar formations here on earth. they studied collapsed ice shelves in antarctica and icy caps on volcanoes in iceland. those features on earth formed when liquid water mixed with ice. the scientists now suspect something similar might be happening on europa: that as water and ice of different temperatures mingle and shift, the surface fractures. this would explain the jumbled（混乱的）ice sculptures.“fracturing catastrophically（灾难性的）disrupts the ice in the same way that it causes ice shelves to collapse on earth,” schmidt told science news. she and her team found that the process could be causing chaos terrains to form quickly on europa.the new study suggests that on this moon, elements such as oxygen from the surface blend with the deep bodies of water. that mixture may create an environment that supports life.16. the liquid water of an underground pool of europa is estimated xxxxx of the us great lakes. a. right b. wrong c. not mention17. the strange ice patterns on europa are formed as a result of a xxxxx underground water pool.a. right b. wrong c. not mention18. europa is the most recently discovered one among jupiters a. right b. wrong c. not mention19. the size of europa is a bit larger than that of earths moon. a. right b. wrong c. not mention20. schmidt and her colleagues are the first group of scientists xxxxx europa. a. right b. wrong c. not mention21. the formations on europas surface are rather unique in the a. right b. wrong c. not mention22. the existence of liquid water is a necessity for a life-support a. right b. wrong c. not mention答案：a b c b b b a第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。learn about noble gases(惰性气体)1. have you ever ridden on a balloon? many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. a balloon contains a noble gas called helium. formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. therefore, people shifted to helium, which is safer. helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.2. people once believed that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. for this reason, they were called inert gases. they were also clustered under group 0 in the old periodic table because scientists believed that the gases have zero valence electrons in their outer shell. this was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.3. the gases are elements, which share similar properties. these properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, being able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. noble gases include helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon. these are all found in group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. if you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only ones, which do not have a charge. helium has the lowest molecular（分子的） weight while radon is the heaviest.4. remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have “valence” electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. when the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is not yet complete, the atom is more reactive. noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. this complete number varies. for instance, the outer shell of helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of xenon has 8 electrons. nowadays, there remains to be a few noble gases because of the inherent low chemical reactivity of these said gases.5. because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. they are widely used in recreation, medicine and industries. for instance, liquid helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）. these magnets are very important in physics and medicine. when a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for magnetic resonance imaging (mri). mri allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.23. paragraph 2 答案： e24. paragraph 3 答案：c25. paragraph 4 答案：d26. paragraph 5 答案：a选项： a. what are the applications of noble gases?b. how were noble gases discovered?c. what are noble gases?d. what cause the low chemical reactivity of noble gases?e. how were noble gases understood in the past?f. what is the periodic table?27. noble gases are not very chemically_. 答案：f28. among the elements of noble gases helium is the_. 答案：c29. the required number of electrons in noble gases outer shell is _. 答案：b30. mri may make operating on the patient _. 答案：a选项：a. unnecessary b. complete c. lightest d. important e. flammable f. reactive 第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇small but wise on december 14，nasa blasted a small but mighty telescope into spacethe telescope is called wise and is about as wide around as a trashcandont let its small size fool you：wise has a powerful digital camera，and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects in the known universe，including asteroids，faint stars，blazing galaxies and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born“im very excited because were going to be seeing parts of the universe that we havent seen before，” said ned wright，a scientist who directs the wise projectsince arriving in space，the wise telescope has been circling the earth，held by gravity in a polar orbit(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap)its camera is pointed outward，away from the earth，and wise will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutesafter six months it will have taken pictures across the entire skythe pictures taken by wise wont be like everyday digital photographs，howeverwise stands for “wide-field infrared survey explorer” as its name suggests，the wise camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiationradiation is energy that travels as a wavevisible light，including the familiar spectrum of light that becomes visible in a rainbow，is an example of radiationwhen an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree，for example，it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the treewhen these waves enter the camera through the lens，theyre processed by the camera，which then puts the image togetherwaves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light，so ordinary digital cameras dont see them，and neither do the eyes of human beingsalthough invisible to the eye，longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skinthats a key idea to why wise will be able to see things other telescopes cant. not everything in the universe shows up in visible lightasteroids，for example，are giant rocks that float through spacebut they absorb most of the light that reaches themthey dont reflect light，so theyre difficult to seebut they do give off infrared radiation，so an infrared telescope like wise will be able to produce images of themduring its mission wise will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroidsbrown dwarfs are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in wises picturesthese objects are “failed” stars-which means they are not massive enough to jump start the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the suninstead，brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool downtheyre so dim that theyre almost impossible to see with visible light，but in the infrared spectrum they glow31. what is so special about wise?a. it is as small as a trashcanc. never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in spaceb. it is small in size but carries a large camerad. its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space32. the camera on wise a. produces images of objects giving off infrared radiation.b. is equipped with expensive computersc. reflects light visible to the human eyed. is similar to an ordinary digital camera33. it is true that infrared radiationa. is not detectable to humanb. looks bright than visible lightc. is visible light reflected off an objectd. has longer waves that those of visible light 34. which of the following statements about asteroid is not true?a. the wise telescope can take pictures of asteroids.b. they do not reflect light that reaches themc. they are invisible to ordinary camerad. they float through space giving off visible light35. it can be inferred from the last paragraph that brown dwarfs?a. are power stars like the sun.b. give off visible lightc. become massive and actived. are invisible to the wise telescope答案：d a d d b第二篇download knowledge directly to your brain for the first time, researchers have been able to hack into the process of learning in the brain, using induced brain patterns to create a learned behavior. its not quite as advanced as an instant kung-fu download, and its not as sleek as cognitive inception, but its still an important finding that could lead to new teaching and rehabilitation techniques. future therapies could decode the brain activity patterns of an athlete or a musician, and use them as a benchmark for teaching another person a new activity, according to the researchers. scientists from boston university and atr computational neuroscience laboratories in kyoto used functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fmri, to study the learning process. they were examining the adult brains aptitude for visual perceptual learning, or vpl, in which repetitive training improves a persons performance on a particular task. whether adults can do this as well as young people has been an ongoing debate in neuroscience. led by bu neuroscientist takeo watanabe, researchers used a method called decoded fmri neurofeedback to stimulate the visual cortex. first they showed participants circles at different orientations. then they used fmri to watch the participants brain activity. the researchers were then able to train the participants to recreate this visual cortex activity. the volunteers were again placed in mri machines and asked to visualize shapes of certain colors. the participants were asked to “somehow regulate activity in the posterior part of the brain” to make a solid green disc as large as they could. they were told they would get a paid bonus proportional to the size of this disc, but they werent told anything about what the disc meant. the researchers watched the participants brain activity and monitored the activation patterns in their visual cortices. “participants can be trained to control the overall mean activation of an entire brain region,” the study authors write, “or the activation in one region relative to that in another region.” this worked even when test subjects were not aware of what they were learning, the researchers said. “the most surprising thing in this study is that mere inductions of neural activation patterns corresponding to a specific visual feature led to visual performance improvement on the visual feature, without presenting the feature or subjects awareness of what was to be learned,” watanabe said in a statement. watanabe and colleagues said this method can be a powerful tool. “it can incept a person to acquire new learning, skills, or memory, or possibly to restore skills or knowledge that has been damaged through accident, disease, or aging, without a persons awareness of what is learned or memorized,” they write.36. what have researchers been able to do with the help of the study?a. make a person know how to do something without learningb. set up different learning patterns for different peoplec. enable people to learn kung fu instantlyd. discover a persons learning process in the brain37. what helps a person to do a particular task better in visual perceptual learning?a. testing .b. encouragement. c. repetition.d. self- assessment.38. which of the following statements is true of the experiment participants?a. they were not told what to be learned in the experiment.b. they learned how to control mrl machines in the experiment.c. they were paid to take part in the experiment.d. they were not cooperative in the experiment.39. the finding of the study is most significant in that learninga. is full of funb. is visualizedc. becomes unnecessary d. happens unconsciously40. who are most likely to benefit from thestability?a. senior people b. teenagerc. musicians d. athletes答案: d c b b a第三篇gross national happiness in the last century， new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. however， one country resisted these changes. high in the himalayan mountains of asia， the kingdom of bhutan remained separate. its people and buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. bhutan， however， was a poor country. people died at a young age. most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. then，in 1972，a new ruler named king jigme singye wangchuck decided to help bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions. king wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. he saw that most countries measured their progress by their gross natonal product（gnp）。 the gnp measures products and money. when the number of products sold increases， people say the country is making progress. king wangchuck had a different i