高考英语题型专题复习课件书面表达-书面表达运用策略.ppt

高考英语专题复习 06书面表达运用策略 英语高考书面表达运用策略 to be with us! to be with us! 国家教育部提出了修改中学课程标准的意见， 其指导思想是：一个宗旨（素质教育）、二个重点 （创新精神和实践能力）、三个面向（面向未来、 面向国际、面向竞争）。同时提出了英语素质教育 的目的和内容：激发和培养学习兴趣，帮助学生树 立自信心，形成有效的学习策略，养成良好的学习 策略，养成良好的学习习惯、掌握一定的语言知识 和基本技能，建立初步的语感，获得基本的语言运 用能力，开发智力、培养观察、记忆、思维、想象 、创造能力，了解文化差异，增强世界意识，为学 生的发展和终身学习打下良好的基础。在如此背景 下进行的本研究项目的意义在于既符合国家对中学 外语教学所提的要求和目标，也将写的训练贯穿于 日常教学活动的全过程，寓写于听说读等诸方面的 训练中，从而使学生达到真正全面提高写的能力的 目的。同时对中学外语教师指导学生如何写好英语 作文也极具参考价值和帮助作用。 前 言 目前国内就中学生英语写作课题尚缺乏较完整、系统和 科学的研究，更勿论提出有份量乃至权威的实验报告，用以 指导我国学生的英语写作。而随着我国经济与国际接轨及加 入世贸组织后，英文写作的重要性正在日益凸现，我们知道 ，语言交际，就是传递和接受信息。传递信息就是说和写， 接受信息就是听和读。听和说是口头交际，读和写是书面交 际，我们不仅要听懂别人说的、看懂别人写的，而且还要自 己能说，且要说得地道，写得洋气，这样才算是真正实现了 用英语进行交际的目的。英语的听说读写四者密不可分，相 互渗透，互为基础，又呈螺旋式提高。写的能力要在听说读 的基础上培养和提高，而写的训练又能进一步提高听说读的 能力，因此，今后有关中学生英文写作的研究将会越来越引 起重视，并将进一步深化、细化。 中文和英文毕竟是两种不同的语言，差异很大。我们在写 英文的时候经常会出一些错误，一部分是最基本的语法错误 ，这里我们把英文写作中常犯的错误列出一部分，以引起我 们的注意。另一部分是由于东西方文化的差异所带来的不同 思维方式所造成的。 写作研究的现状和发展趋势 第一章 高考作文评析 （一）题目要求 一个国际青年参观团正在访问我国某城市，你负责 安排他们的参观活动。请起草一份通知，准备向参 观团成员宣读。通知必须用一段话说明以下几点： 1.参观日期：7月22日，星期六。 时间：早餐后8点出发。午餐在参观地吃。下午回 来。 2.参观内容：分四组，每组参观一个地方：工厂、 学校、农场或医院。 3.欢迎每人参加一组活动。请选择好参观地点，并 在今晚9点前到服务台(the Service Desk)签名。 满分作文： Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? Welcome to our city! Im very glad to tell you our trip plans. There are four choices, including factories, schools, farms, and hospitals. Its up to you to decide which group you have interest. Were supposed to get going at 8 oclock tomorrow morning right after breakfast, and you dont have to take any food with you since lunch will be served at the site. Please make sure the place that you feel like going and sign up at the service desk before 9 p.m.! Thank you! 其它可用于本篇作文的好句子： 1. You will be put into four groups. 2. We have four trip plans for you to choose from. 3. You are supposed to be in any of the four groups. 4. There are four choices. Its up to you to decide which one is yours. 5. Choose a place which you may feel like visiting. 6. Well get going at 8 oclock tomorrow morning right after breakfast. 7. The trip is scheduled for a whole day, so Im afraid well have lunch on site. 8. In addition, you dont have to take any food with you, since lunch will be served at the place you will be visiting. 9. Always stay with your guide, just to be on the safe side. 10. To make sure that the visits are well planned, we need you to sign up for your trip by 9:00 P.M 11. Thank you for listening. 04年浙江省高考英语卷书面表达解析 一、题目 假设你是李越,你的加拿大笔友Steve来信说,他和他的 一些同学正在学中文,请你推荐两本学中文的词典，根据 下表提供的信息,请你给他写一封回信. 英汉/汉英词典 新华字典 收词(字 ) 18,000(英语) 20,000(汉语) 10,000 价格 52元 11元 特点 大量例子、用法说明,适合初学 者 中国最常用的汉 语字典 不少教师认为本案起点比较低，尖子 生发挥水平的空间比较少，连“初中毕 业生”都可以“应付”。但是评卷结果 却让人大跌眼镜：该题的全省平均得分 只有12.58分，满分（25分）者更是凤毛 麟角。 二、写作解析 、这种英汉、汉英的方式使得学生能更方便地查找参照词。 、这本字典实际上是“双向”字典：一半是英汉，一半是汉英， 分别拥有20,000个汉字和18,000英语单词。 、这本字典大约有10,000字。 、英汉部分的英语单词后面都有相对应的汉语。 、所有的汉字都有英语翻译，这些翻译有助于更精确地理解汉字 。 、尽管没有小本的新华字典那样容易携带，英汉/汉英 字典还是更受学生们的欢迎。 、对于常见的单词来说，它还含有充足的例子。 、它提供了大量的用法注解。 三、语句使用建议 9、它有相当多的例句和注解。 10、由于其易用和全面，我也经常使用这本字典。 11、我向所有中文学习者推荐这本字典。 12、因为它拥有其他字典不曾拥有的东西，所以我说它很 有用。 13、平均三个中国人就有一个拥有这本字典。 14、总体上说，它特别有用，是本很有价值的字典。 15、与其他字典相比，这本字典十分有用。 16、总而言之，要选汉语字典，这是最好的选择之一。 1、The English-Chinese, Chinese-English format makes it convenient for students to cross-reference words. 2、This dictionary is actually a two-way dictionary: one half is English/Chinese and the other half is Chinese/English, containing some 20,000 Chinese words and 18,000 English words. 3、This dictionary has roughly 10,000 words. 4、The E/C section has the English word followed by the Chinese equivalent. 5、All Chinese characters are followed by English translation, which helps you understand the characters more accurately. 6、While not as portable as the smaller XD, the E/C C/E was more warmly welcomed by my students. 7、For common words it also includes efficient examples. 8、It provides lots of usage notes. 9、It has a good number of example sentences with necessary usage notes. 10、I use this dictionary a lot due to its ease of use and its completeness. 11、I highly recommend this dictionary for all learners of mandarin Chinese language. 12、I have found this dictionary to be very helpful because it has what many Chinese dictionaries do not have. 13、On average, one in three Chinese own a copy of the dictionary. 14、Overall, it is extremely useful and a good value. 15、This dictionary is incredibly useful comparing to other ones. 16、In short, its one of your best options for a Chinese dictionary. 1、高考范文 Dear Steve, Im so pleased to learn that you and your classmates are learning Chinese. Id like to recommend the following two dictionaries. The English-Chinese Chinese-English Dictionary is really a good one for beginners. It has 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. Besides plenty of examples, it has many notes telling you bow to use a word. Xinhua dictionary is the most popular Chinese dictionary, and it has a vocabulary of 10,000 words. It may also be useful to some advanced learners of Chinese. Of the two, ECCED is the more expensive, costing 52 yuan, and XD costs 11 yuan. Please let me know if you want me to buy these dictionaries. (111 words) 四、范文欣赏 2、考场高分范文 Dear Steve, Thank you very much for your last letter which asked me something about how to choose a dictionary for learning Chinese. Here I strongly recommend you the following two which may be useful to you. One of them is the English-Chinese/Chinese-English Dictionary, which will cost you 52 yuan. It contains some 18,000 English words and 20,000 Chinese words. As it has lots of examples showing how to use the words, it will be much valuable for the beginners like you. The other one, Xinhua Dictionary, which charges you only 11 yuan and has a collection of 10,000 Chinese words. It is the most commonly used one in China. If you need my help with your Chinese please write to me. (120 words) 3、教师范文 Dear Steve, Very glad to have received your letter, saying that you and your classmates are learning English. I wish you good luck with your efforts in Chinese learning. In your letter you also ask what Chinese dictionaries to use. Here are the two that I highly recommend. An ideal tool for study, the English-Chinese 而在英文里，这些时间概念则可以由各种 时态来表现出来。再者，英语中的时态很复杂， 例如，现在时态不一定表示“现在”的时间概念， 再加上被动语态和虚拟语气，问题可就更复杂了 。 1. If the library will be built before the students graduate from the school, they can also benefit from it. 语法错误 _ 第四节 动词时态错误（41） 第四节 动词时态错误 （提示：在条件式时间从句中，一般现在时态用 来表示将来的动作，will be 应改为is。） 2. How is your trip to New York? 3. I felt asleep while attending the concert. 语法错误 _ 第四节 动词时态错误（42） （提示：该问句所涉及到的时间是“过去时”，这一 点中国的英语学习考往往出错，应把is 改为was。 另外：再看一句，“Oh, you are back home, I dont know you were here. 同理，dont 应为 didnt，是“刚才”我还不知道你在这里。） （提示：英语中有不少动词的过去式、过去名词 易混肴的。如, fall / fell / fallen 和 feel / felt / felt 便是一组。） 4. It was Grandmas birthday. Father, Mother and I went to visit her. She lived with my uncle in a village not too far away. Early in the morning we bought some presents and took the bus to get there. 语法错误 _ 第四节 动词时态错误（43） （提示：这是1999年高考题中书面表达题的一 段。看上去每个句子的时态很一致，都用了过 去时，然而lived是唯一可以从“过去现在 ，可能还会持续到将来”的一个动作，它必须是 lives。） 5. He had lived in New York for three years when he was a child. 语法错误 _ 第四节 动词时态错误（44） （提示：在时态判别中，常常会有同学唯“时间短 语”马首是瞻，而忽略了情景的分析。他们认为这 里的for three years就是跟完成时连用的。实际 上，live的动作是在was a child（过去时）中间 发生的，而非在它之前发生，故也就不能用过去完 成时。应把had lived改为lived才对。） 非谓语动词是中文中所没有的。非谓语动词包 括现在分词、过去分词、动名词和动词不定式。非 谓语动词用法较为复杂，我们容易用错，其中常见 错误是状语动作行为者与主句主语不一致。 1. Studying alone, his attention is concentrated on his lessons. 语法错误 _ 第五节 非谓语动词错误（31） 第五节 非谓语动词错误 （提示：这句话译成中文似乎很通：一个人学习 ，注意力集中在功课上。但是，从英文角度来看 ，状语的动作行为者应该是he。我们可以把句子 改动一下：Studying alone, he concentrates his attention on his lessons） 3. Whenever I got to the market, the first thing I did was look for cartoons. 2. In his opinion, get fat is a terrible thing. 语法错误 _ 第五节 非谓语动词错误（32） （提示：get是谓语动词，而我们却需要做主语的 动名词，我们可以这样说: Getting fat is a terrible thing.） （提示：I did 是定语从句，显然与后面的was 没有关系，但是，was后面竟再次出现谓语动词 ，我们可以将look for变为to look for ，或 looking for 这两种非谓语动词。） 5. The children made the beds without asking. 语法错误 _ 第五节 非谓语动词错误（33） （提示：是用现在名词还是过去分词，关键在于 这个动作是谁发出的。句中出现了itself一词，这 就说明call这个动作的发出应是team，故应改为 calling。） （提示：许多同学对谓语动词的“态”的熟悉远不如对 “时”的熟悉那么强烈，更不要说是非谓语动词的态了 。因此简易大家以后把“时态”叫做“态时”算了！根据 逻辑意义，此处的asking应改为being asked。） 4. Who are the boys and girls over there? A team called itself the group of learning from Lei Feng. 不少学生分不清形容词和副词，形容词、副词间的 同义、近义词分不清，所以有必要把它们作为一个项目 提出来。 2. Because of the rain in the morning, the roads became smooth. 语法错误 _第六节 形容词、副词错误（31） 第六节 形容词、副词错误 （提示：应把 smooth改为slippery。smooth是光 滑的，而slippery则是difficult to hold、drive or walk， 有个例句可以说明这一点：Drive very carefully, the roads are wet and slippery.） （提示：注意副词修饰动词，该用wonderfully。） 1. You cant imagine how wonderful she sings. 3. Mary : John says Im pretty. Andy says Im ugly. What do you think, Peter? Peter : A bit of both. I think youre prettily ugly. 4. I very miss her. （提示：pretty可以用作形容词，也可以用作副词。 类似词还有hard, straight等。这句话里的pretty就是 副词，修饰good。） （提示：very 虽然是副词，但它不修饰动词，该 句可以这样说：I miss her very much. 类似的句 子还有，I like English very much. I treasure that very much等等。） 语法错误 _第六节 形容词、副词错误（32） 5. Life today is more better than it was 50 years ago. （提示：比较级不可以修饰另一个比较级。对比 较级的常见修饰词如even,much,still等应了然 于心。此处宜将more改为much。） 6.The river is very wide to swim across. （提示：副词very,quite,too等意义相近，用法却 有所差别。只有“too”常用在“tooto do sth”的 结构中，表示“太而不能”之意。） 7.He looked angry at the the couple sitting behind. （提示：look可作系动词，后接形容词，意为“看上 去”。但此处的look与at连用，是个实义动词，表达 一个动作的概念。应将angry改为angrily。） 语法错误 _第六节 形容词、副词错误（33） 英语中有大量的介词与动词搭配式组合。例如：to put up with 表示“忍受”，只能用介词with，又如：英 文“抢劫”是 rob sb. of sth.，不是rob sth. of sb.。 这 就给我们写作带来不少困难。 1. Suddenly, a football hit my face and of course I felt very painful. 语法错误 _第七节 介词与固定搭配错误（31） 第七节 介词与固定搭配错误 （提示：“打在某人脸上”就象rob sb. of sth.一样 ，是一种固定说法，应该说，hit sb. in the face. 同类的还有:hit sb. on the shoulder, pull sb. by the arm(sleeve)等。） 3. She is a good example for me. 2. By working hard, I can make it reality. （提示：“给树立了榜样”是be an example to sb. ，同类的说法还有，set / follow an example to sb. ，如：Marys courage is an example to us all.。） （提示：“将变成现实”是turn sth. into reality,类似的说法，come true, 而一般不能说 be come true。） 语法错误 _第七节 介词与固定搭配错误（32） 5. He went to visit one of his friends during he stayed in the city. 4. I swear I wont cry even as tears fall from my eyes. 语法错误 _第七节 介词与固定搭配错误（33） （提示：此句从汉语意思上看并无不妥。但during 乃典型介词，后不接从句。故句子应改为He went to visit one of his friends during his stay in the city.才妥当。） （提示：from侧重于 “来源”，宜改为out of为妥。 当然我们也常说：even as tears come to my eyes或 even as tears press behind my eyes。） 英语从句的种类很多，有主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句等。 2. I always think of what am I going to be in 10 years. 语法错误 _ 第八节 从句错误（31） 第八节 从句错误 1. I hope there will be more picture books that our children find it interesting to read them. （提示：注意定语从句中的that, which, who, when, where等在从句中起一定成分的作用。） （提示：what所引导的宾语从句的语序必须是陈 述语序。） 3. Its a six-storey building, the color of it is light yellow. 4. I cant find him. Because I have lost his address. 语法错误 _ 第八节 从句错误（32） （提示：这个句子应该是个非限制性定语从句，it 应改为which。） （提示： “从句”就是“跟从别人的句子”。此处的 Because显然已经独立于前一个句子了。宜将整 个句子改为：I cant find him, because I have lost his address.） 语法错误 _ 第八节 从句错误（33） 5.Who wants to go please sign up at the Service Desk by 9:00 AM. （提示: who引导名词性从句，此从句可译为“ 谁想要去这事情”。许多同学只去关注“谁想要 去”这一意义，而忽略了这一从句表达“的事 情”的概念。宜将Who改为Anyone who或 Whoever.） 许多学生在写英文作文的时候，只考虑意思，对英 语语言本身却是顾不过来，漏词可能会导致误解。 同样累赘也可能会导致误解。 1. The reason why so many people prefer to live in the country is because the air in the city is polluted. 语法错误 _ 第九节 漏词与累赘（31） 第九节 漏词与累赘 （提示：既然已经有了the reason，就不要再 用because了，应改为that。） 3. The world people live in the future is determined by what we do it today. 2. I appreciate detective stories better than any stories. （提示：中国学生写英文，由于中文说话习 惯的影响，往往漏掉other这个词。） （提示：注意people live in 是定语从句，修饰 the world, 其中介词in不可省略。） 语法错误 _ 第九节 漏词与累赘（32） 4. Today I visited the Smiths-my first time visit to an American family. 语法错误 _ 第九节 漏词与累赘（33） （提示：虽然my first time的表达是正确的 ，但first可以直接修饰一个名词，因此此处 要将time删去。） （提示：汉语中的连词常有“因为所以”“虽然 但是”等表达方式。但英语中的连歌分句只能 用一个连词连接。Although和but都是常见连 词，因此去除but。） 5. Although I felt sorry for him, but I was secretly happy. 这一章节中所收集的只是很少一部分有关不同的 思维方式所造成的语言运用失误，解决这些失误的根 本方法是刻意了解东西方文化差异，模仿地道英语的 表达方式，日积月累自然会成功的。我真诚地期待各 位同仁能与我一道收集这类题材，因为这个过程本身 就在polishing our English。 语用失误 _ （101） 1. One day I visited the Internet and I opened QICQ. 2. After the talk to the students, I looked around the school. I found great changes in my former school. (explored ) ( toured ) visited looked around 3. When I arrived at my former school, I saw students in the school campus, shouting “Welcome to our school.“ 5. Sometimes there was a lot of rubbish in his desk or there are used bowls borrowed from the cafeteria on the bed. 4. Dont fight. Now you are required go back to the classroom and wash the windows. 语用失误 _ （102） ( Welcome back) ( clean; windows 后加as a punishment) (uncleaned) used wash “Welcome to our school.“ 6. The movie “Pearl Harbor“ is wonderful. Its sense of reality is very good. 语用失误 _ （103） ( I can sense its reality) 7. My family is very happy. 8. Jin Yongs Books. ( I have a happy family.) ( Books by Jin Yong) 9. The teachers were both kind and strict. They taught us carefully. (patiently) Its sense of reality is very good. carefully 语用失误 _ （104） 10. But sometimes I feel unhappy because the study is very difficult. ( I have great difficulty in my studies.) 11. Tears sometimes fall down my face. 12. I must grasp the time which belongs to me. (cheeks) ( treasure) 13. I dont think your plan will be useful. ( work) face grasp be useful the study is very difficult 语用失误 _ （105） 14. I was very glad when we went to the country, because of the interesting things there. 15. These places gave me much happiness. 16. We could not boil the rice ripe. ( I feel really happy when I remember these places.) ( We had difficulty boiling the rice.) ( I always enjoyed seeing the beautiful things in the country.) 17. But if I wanted to get home, I must go across a small stream. 语用失误 _ （106） 18. But my curiosity tells me to go on swimming. 19. At last, I was afraid that my parents would beat me. That was a problem. (However, every time I wanted to get home I needed to go across a small stream.) ( However, I was very curious to have a swim and to see what it was like.) ( One of the problems was that I was afraid that my parents would beat me.) 21. My company will be able to extend all over the world. 20. On the evening of Oct.18, the Chinese national football team got the ticket to the world cup. 语用失误 _ （107） ( On the evening of Oct. 18, the Chinese national football team secured their place in the world cup.) ( My company will be able to expand all over the world.) 23. It is fine Sunday and many people are free. The sly Japanese launch a sudden attach on Pearl Harbor. 22. Sometimes there were two or three trains staying in the station. 语用失误 _ （108） ( Sometimes there were two or three trains waiting at the station.) ( It is a fine Sunday and many people are enjoying themselves. They sly Japanese unexpectedly launch a sudden attack on Pearl Harbor.) 24. The classroom was very noisy yesterday evening. 语用失误 _ （109） (It was very noisy in the classroom yesterday evening.) 25.He sent his son to school on foot every morning. 26.My bicycle lost air yesterday on my way home. (He walked his son to school every morning.) (I got a flat tire yesterday on my way home.) sent 27.Class is finished. 语用失误 _ （1010） 28.It has no meaning to get up so early. 29.I didnt hear your name. 30.I thanked him and stopped the phone. (Class is over.) (It doesnt make any sense to get up so early.) (I didnt quite catch your name.) (I thanked him and hung up the phone.) 1.你走那条路的？Which road did you walk? 2.这本书写什么？What was the book written? 3.我有一个意想不到的东西给你？I have surprise for you. 4.论文我还没打完。还有三页。I am not through typing the paper. I have three pages to go. 5.学习语言很有意思。Learning languages should be funny. 6.汤姆的生日就在这个星期。Toms birthday is in this week. 以下10个句子的翻译可能存在不同问题。请 根据本节课所学的知识对句子进行修改或润色 。 1. Which road did you take? 2. What is the book all about? 3. I have a surprise for you. 4. I am not through typing the paper. I have three more pages to go. 5. Learning languages should be fun. 6. Toms birthday is this week. 7. I didnt mean to hurt you. 8. Waste paper was all over the floor. 9. He knew what was happening all along. 10. The tea tastes a bit strange. 7.我不是故意要伤害你的。I dont mean to hurt you. 8.地上都是废纸。The floor was full of paper. 9.他自始至终都知道事情的发生。He knew what was happening from beginning to end. 10.这茶喝起来有点怪。The tea tastes a bit strangely. 第四章 模拟作文文句库 （课内外句子的欣赏） 第一节：事件 开头: (1)、Strange things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei. (2)、Kunta wondered why the white people had done this to him. Born a free man, he was now in chains. (3)、Why do earthquakes happen? Scientists explain that the outside of the earth is made of a number of different plates. (4) More than 220 people were killed in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th , 1974. 故事的发展： （1）、 But this was before Annie Sullivan came to stay. She was a lively young woman with patience and imagination. （2）、From then on, Marie and Pierre worked together on their research. They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory. (3)、 Amazing as it may seem, Wednesday night was a quiet night. 结尾： （1）、Never in all San Franciscos history were her people so kind as on that terrible night. （2）、That necklace you borrowed from me wasnt a real diamond necklace. It was worth five hundred francs at the most. （3）、Holmes said to her, “ you were supposed to die like that. Im not sorry that I drove the snake back into this room where it attacked its keeper.” 课外欣赏： 开头：(1). From todays newspaper I learn that you need a parttime singer. I hope to get the job. 选自新思维 (2)