《大学英语一》期末复习指导.doc

大学英语一复习指导一、单选题知识点期末考试中单选题会有15小题，每题2分，共计30分。知识点1：冠词用法定冠词和不定冠词的区别是每年必考的知识点，甚至一年会考两道题，大家一定要掌握！先给大家介绍a, an, the三者的区别吧：不定冠词a/an与可数名词的单数搭配，相当于汉语中的“一”，指某一类人或事物中的非特指的“任何一个”。a和an的区别如下表：不同用法例句a用在以辅音音素开头的名词之前。Lets have a try.让我们试一试。an则用于以元音音素开头的名词之前。I am an accountant.我是一名会计师。定冠词the表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，与可数名词的单数、可数名词的复数和不可数名词搭配，相当于汉语中的“这个、那个、这些、那些”，有一些固定的用法：用法例句已被提到的人或物Yesterday a boy fell into the river. The boy was saved by a policeman.昨天一个男孩掉到了河里。这个男孩被一位警察救了。独一无二的事物the moon 月球the earth 地球用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only， very，same等前面He is the ony one who pass the test.他是唯一通过这次测试的人。单数名词连用表示一类事物the dollar 美元the young 年轻人【小技巧】在遇到考定冠词和不定冠词的题目时，大家可以先判断是否是固定用法，这样既能提高准确率，又能节省做题时间。知识点2：代词的用法考试中常考的代词有两类：人称代词和物主代词。我们先来概览人称代词和物主代词：名称单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe,she,itweyouthey宾格meyouhim;her;itusyouthem物主代词形容词性物主代词myyourhis;her;itsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshis;hers;itsoursyourstheirs人称代词用于代替人或物。物主代词表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。我们要知道二者的区别：词类用法例句形容词性物主代词用于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。相当于一个形容词。Their home is in London.他们的家在伦敦。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，后面不能再跟名词。May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用你的钢笔吗？你的更好用。知识点3：there be句型这个语法点相对较简单。表示“在某处有/存在”可以用there is/there are.结构。如果名词为复数，动词用are，名词为单数，动词用is，例如：There is a man in the office. 办公室里有一个男人。There are two plants in the house.房间里有两盆植物。疑问句形式要将is/are置于句首（Is there.?/Are there.?），例如：Is there a fax in the office?办公室里有传真机吗？Are there any plants in the house? 房间里有植物吗？常考知识点4：some和any,how many和how much的区别这两组词的区别很简单，我们只要记住以下用法就可以。先来看some和any的用法：some和any 既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，some常用在肯定句中，而any则常用在否定和疑问句中。因此 some和any 用法的区别主要是考虑用在肯定句、疑问句还是否定句中，与名词的可数与否无关。如：I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。 I cant see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。 Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗? 但我们一定要注意，在表示建议、请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如： Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?常考知识点5：形容词和副词的比较级在英语中，形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级。英语I(1)课程考试中只考比较级，不考最高级。我们只要掌握了比较级的用法，就能轻松应对此语法点的考试。大部分形容词的比较级是规则变化：一般来说，单音节的形容词在词后面加er，就变成了比较级，而双音节或双音节以上的形容词，比较级是在词前面加more。但也有少数是不规则的变化。详细如下：（1）规则变化情况构成方式原级比较级一般情况在单音节词末尾加-erfastfaster以e结尾的词只加-rlatelater闭音节单音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写这个辅音字母，再加-erhotfathotterfatter少数以-y结尾的双音节词末尾加-er(如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er)earlyhappyearlierhappier其它双音节和多音节词在单词前面加moreattractiverelaxedmore attractivemore relaxed（2）不规则变化有些形容词的比较级是不规则的，我们需要单独记忆。在本课程考试中，我们只需记忆以下3个。原级比较级good/wellbetterbadworselittleless我们还要注意两点，也经常会考到：一是比较级前常用的修饰语有much/a lot（非常），a bit/a little（一点），用来表示程度，如：She was a bit/a little faster than him. 她比他快一点。Rose is much/a lot more easy-going than Frank. 罗兹比弗兰克随和很多。二是比较两者相同点，即做原级（同级）比较时，常用句子结构：as+形容词+as。例如：Shanghai is as modern as London.上海和伦敦一样是个现代的城市。London is just as busy as Shanghai. 伦敦和上海一样是个忙碌的城市。知识点6：表示有同感So do I和 So am I表示对他人的肯定意见表示有同感，或自己的情况与他人一样。用法如下表：情况例句若原句中用的是动词to be，答句中也用动词to be。He is intereted in computers.他对电脑感兴趣。So am I.我也是。若原句中用的是动词to have（表示“拥有”），答句中也用动词to have。He has got two brotheres. 他有两个兄弟。So have I. 我也是。若原句中用的是其他实意动词，答句中要用助动词do。She like watching TV. 她喜欢看电视。So do I. 我也是。He think English people are friendly.我觉得英国人很友好。So do I.我也觉得是。【技巧】区别什么时候用So，什么时候用Neither？在对他人的肯定意见表示同感时，用So。在对他人的否定意见表示同感时，用Neither。neither用于在对他人的否定意见表示有同感的句子里，表示自己也一样。其用法与So在对别人的肯定意见表示有同感的句子中的用法一样。例如：I dont think English coffee is good. Neither do I.I am not going to the shops. Neither am I.I havent got a car. Neither have I.知识点7：一般现在时的第三人称单数形式一般现在时。表示经常、反复发生的动作，经常存在的状态或者习惯性动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。当主语是第三人称单数时，动词要发生相应的变化。我们只要记住这些变化规律就能应对这类考题。规则动词原形第三人称单数一般在词尾加s。help, swimhelps, swims以字母s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的动词加-es。guess, goguesses, goes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。fly, carryflies, carries知识点8：表示指令及提出劝告考试中常考到用动词need和should组成的句子表示指令或提出劝告，我们只要记住由这两个动词构成的句型，就能做对看似较复杂的试题。need表达指令或提出劝告的句型：主语+ need+to+动词否定形式：主语+dont/doesnt+ need+to+动词举例：I need to buy a carton of cream.我需要买一箱奶油。She needs to buy oil. 她需要购买一些油。I dont need to buy any rice.我不需要购买大米。should提出劝告的句型：主语+should+动词原形问句形式：将should放到主语前举例：You should go to bed.你应该去睡觉。You shouldnt eat very much.你不应该吃的太多。Should I take some medicine?我应该吃一些药吗？常考知识点9：表示时间的介词用法考试中常考到一些介词的用法，我们在选择时往往觉得有难度，不好做抉择。事实上，我们只要把握了它们的基本用法，就能快速正确地做出选择。我将本课程中常考的几个介词的用法总结如下：介词用法举例at表示“在时刻”，与具体的钟点搭配使用。I have coffee at breakfast time.我在早餐时间喝咖啡。She arrives at 7 oclock.她在7点钟到达。in表示“在期间”，与具体的年代、月份、季节或一天中的某个时段搭配使用。The postman comes in the morning and in the afternoon.邮递员每天上午和下午来（送信）。on表示“在时候”，与日期、星期搭配使用。I leave on Monday 25th November.（与日期连用）我在11月25日星期一离开。He plays football on Saturday.（与星期连用）他在周六踢足球。还有一些固定用法，我们也要记住。My children play in the street in the daytime.（在白天）I can hear the cars at night. （在晚上）I go to my mothers house at the weekend. （在周末）I play basketball at weekends. （每逢周末）另外，与work连用的介词也常会考到，work for 为工作例如，I work for an IT company. 我在IT公司工作。work at 在里工作例如，He works at a school. 他在学校里工作。work in 在工作例如，I work in Beijing. 我在北京工作。work with 与.打交道 我与大卫在同一家公司工作。例如，I work with David in the same company.work off 消除，排除，处理，发泄例如，She works off stress by running for at least half an hour every day. 她每天最少跑步半个小时以减轻精神压力。work out 可以解决，设计出，作出，计算出，消耗完例如，I believe that you can work out this problem by yourself. 我相信你自己能做出这道题的。常考知识点10：特殊疑问句 who, where, what, how, when, which等是疑问词，由这些疑问词开头的问句就是特殊疑问句。考试中常考这些疑问词的用法，我们只要学会区别它们的用法，就能做对这类题目。来看下它们各自的意义和用法：疑问词举例what表示“什么、什么样的”What do you want to do today?你今天想做什么？What do you eat for lunch?你中午饭吃什么？which表示“哪个、哪些”与what相比，两者都可以表示在多种可能性中作出选择，但what没有一个限定的选择范围。Which museum do you want to go to?你今天想去哪个博物馆？Which of these two do you prefer?这两个你更喜欢哪个？how用以表示“in what way（怎么，如何）”How do I get to your house? 我怎么去你家？How do you go to work? 你怎么去上班？why表示“为什么”，问原因Why should you be so interested in my affairs? 你为何对我的事这么感兴趣?who表示“谁、什么人”Who has borrowed my pen? 谁借了我的钢笔?where表示“在哪里、往哪里、从哪里”等Where shall we go? 我们去哪里? 常考知识点11：be going to do的用法表达已经决定要做的事情，以及描述将来的意图时，用go的现在进行时形式：be+going to+动词原形例如，Im going to clean the house. 我打算去清理房间。 Tom is going to borrow his parentscar. 汤姆打算借他父母的车。一般疑问句句式：Be(am, is, are) +主语+going to do.？ 例如，Is Xiaoyan going to borrow a car? 小燕打算去借车吗？特殊疑问句句式：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+ going to do.？例如，Who is going to borrow a car? 谁打算去借车？常考知识点12：表达批评性评论表达批评性评论常用的句式是“too+形容词”或者“not+形容词+enough”，这两个句式意思分别为“太”，“不够”。例如：The kitchen is too dark. 厨房太脏了。The table is not big enough for two people. 桌子不够大，不够两个人用。常考知识点13：几个动词的用法考试中常会考一些动词的用法，我总结了常考的几个，如下表，大家只要记住了这几个句式就能应对此类考题。动词举例like 表示喜欢做某事like+动词-ing形式I like playing football. They like watching TV.我喜欢踢足球。他们喜欢看电视。enjoy表示欣赏、喜爱、享受enjoy+动词-ing形式I enjoyed reading these books very much. 我很喜欢读这些书。give意为“给、送给、给予”give sth to sb (to表示动作对什么人而做)give sb sthIll give the book to the man.我会把这本书给那个人。Ill give the man the book.我会给那个人这本书。常考知识点14：固定短语考试中还常会考一些固定短语，这个很简单，我们只要记住就可以。我总结了常考的几个，大家一定要记住这些短语哦。例如：responsible for这一短语既可用于人，又可用于物，意思是“对负责”。例如：He should be responsible for the accident.（他应当对这一事故负责。）be convenient for意思是“便于，对方便”，一般形容客观存在的便利。例如：The area is convenient for transport. （这个地区便于交通运输。）be interested in意思是“对感兴趣”。例如：Women are always interested in fashions. （女人总对时装感兴趣。）one. the other.意思是“两者中的一个，另一个”。例如：I have two sisters；one is twenty and the other is eighteen（我有两个妹妹，一个是二十岁，另一个是十八岁。）二、阅读理解在阅读理解部分，会有三篇阅读理解文章，共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。阅读理解的提高要求大家多做相应练习。阅读下面的短文，从短文后所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。In Britain people usually have a doctor near their home or in their town. This is the local doctor. You have to register with a doctor before you can make an appointment. You usually have to fill in a form and the doctor examines you. Families often all register with the same doctor. Doctors often work together in groups, and the name of the place where they work is a Doctors Surgery. The government pays for this system, and it is free to go to see your doctor.If the doctor decides that you need treatment he can prescribe medicine. For example he can prescribe antibiotics for an infection. Medicine can be tablets to take with water or liquid to drink. The doctor writes the prescription. You take the prescription to the chemists, and the chemist will make up the medicine for you. You usually have to pay some money for the medicine - but you dont have to pay the full price.21. British people usually go a long way to see a doctor.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.22. Some rich British families dont register with the same doctor.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt way.23. British people dont have to pay when they see their doctor.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.24.Doctors always work alone in their own Doctors Surgery.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.25. British people usually have to pay for their prescription at the chemists.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.答案：21.B; 22.C; 23.A; 24.B; 25.AHello, everyone. Id like to talk about myself. My name is Lily. I am an IT worker. I work at the ABC company in Shanghai. Now I am working as a trainee (实习) Information Technology Manager. I am in charge of about 45 people. I am here on my own. My family is in Hong Kong. I dont have any brothers, but I have a sister. She works on newspaper advertisements. She is now sitting in front of the TV set and watching me on TV in our house in Hong Kong. I believe, my mother and father are together with her too. I would like to say hello to my family. Hi, Mum and Dad! Hello, Rose! Can you see me and hear me clearly? I am now in the TV studio (演播室) of Shanghai TV Station. We are making a program about our company. These people around me are my colleagues. That one over there is our boss.26. Lily works in IT.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.27. Lily has got a big family in Hong Kong.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.28. Lily is working on a training program in the TV studio of Shanghai TV Station.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.29. Lily is going to be the IT Manager.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.30. Lilys boss and her colleagues are in Shanghai now.A. Right.B. Wrong.C. Doesnt say.答案：26.A; 27.B; 28.B; 29.C; 30.ALet me tell you about my new job. Its great. I work for Centre Company. They have an office in London. I am the Deputy Marketing Manager. I am in charge of newspaper advertisements. I like working here, but I dont like traveling by tube. Its too busy! There are some very nice colleagues, and I often eat lunch with them in the canteen. We start work at nine oclock. Lunch is from one oclock to two oclock. Then I finish work at 6 oclock. My brother works near my office. He is in insurance, and sometimes we have a drink in the pub in the evening.21. The writer _ new job.A. doesnt like hisB. likes hisC. is looking for a22. The writer works in _.A. insuranceB. marketingC. computers23. The writer thinks the tube is too_.A. noisyB. slowC. busy24. The writer works for about _ on weekdays.A. 8 hoursB. 9 hoursC. 10 hours25.The writer and his brother _ .A. sometimes see each otherB. never see each otherC. see each other every day答案：21.B; 22.B; 23.C; 24.A; 25.ALet me tell you about my new job. Its great. I work for Centre Company. They have an office in London. I am the Deputy Marketing Manager. I am in charge of newspaper advertisements. I like working here, but I dont like traveling by tube. Its too busy! There are some very nice colleagues, and I often eat lunch with them in the canteen. We start work at nine oclock. Lunch is from one oclock to two oclock. Then I finish work at 6 oclock. My brother works near my office. He is in insurance, and sometimes we have a drink in the pub in the evening.21. The writer _ new job.A. doesnt like hisB. likes hisC. is looking for a22. The writer works in _.A. insuranceB. marketingC. computers23. The writer thinks the tube is too_.A. noisyB. slowC. busy24. The writer works for about _ on weekdays.A. 8 hoursB. 9 hoursC. 10 hours25.The writer and his brother _ .A. sometimes see each otherB. never see each otherC. see each other every day答案：21.B; 22.B; 23.C; 24.A; 25.AXiaoyan: Okay, Polly, what TV programmes do you like?Polly: Well, I dont like serious programmes, but I always watch the late news. Xiaoyan: Yes, the news is Okay, but I like serious programmes. I like documentaries. I dont understand English comedy. Do you like nature programmes?Polly: Yes. I do. Is there a nature