名词性从句印制.doc

名词性从句一、名词性从句的概念、功能与结构概念与功能名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句，因为这四种从句从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词，因此它们被称为名词性从句。结构名词性从句主要有三种结构：that + clause whether/if + clause 连接代词（who、whom、whose、what、which）/ 连接副词（when、where、how、why）+ clause另外，wh-ever (whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever) 也可引导主语从句和宾语从句；as if / as though、because也可引导表语从句。具体用法见下表：引导词主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作动词宾语作介词宾语that一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略whether/if句首只用whether用whether/if，但有区别只用whether只用whether只用whether连接代词/连接副词都可用，但要注意用陈述句语序wh-everwh-everwh-ever wh-everas if / as thoughas if / as though二、宾语从句概念 作宾语的句子叫主语从句。引导词及物动词(包括be sure、be afraid)之后基本都可以用that引导的从句作宾语；在可以接复合宾语的动词(consider、think、make、etc)之后，用it作形式宾语，真正宾语用that引导放在句末；that从句一般不作介词宾语，但可用在一些固定结构中，如：except that (除了)/ in that(因为)，其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。如：1.I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields. 2.We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 3.He is a good student except that he is a bit careless. 4.You should depend on it that your teacher will always help you.whether/if引导宾语从句时，有区别；动词discuss之后，只能用whether引导宾语从句；宾语从句为否定时，只能用if引导宾语从句；以下例句为whether和if用在动词后的特殊用法：1.I dont care whether/if he comes or not. 2. I dont care whether or not he comes.3.I dont know whether to go there. 4.I dont care if he doesnt come.另外，介词后只能用whether。如：1.They are discussing whether they should join the meeting. 2. It depends on whether you can do the work well.及物动词和介词之后基本都可以用连接代词或连接副词引导的从句作宾语。如：1.I cannt understand why he didnt come. 2.I am thinking about what we should do next.及物动词和介词之后基本都可以用wh（连接代词）-ever引导的从句作宾语。如：1.She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 2.You can write about whatever topic you like. 3.He would believe whatever I said. 三、主语从句概念 作主语的句子叫主语从句。引导词that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见以下三种结构：It + be + adj. (obvious、true、natural、etc)+ that-clause / It + be + n.（a pity、no wonder、an honour、etc）+ that-clause / It + be + done （said、expected、announced、etc）+ that-clause。 如：1.It is certain that he will do well in the exam. 2.It is a pity that he cannt come. 3.It is reported that the plane has crashed.注意that在口语和非正式文体中可省略，但当that位于句首时，绝对不能省略。如：That he will help us is good news to us.whether/if引导主语从句时，句首只能用whether；但当句子结构为It + be + adj. / + n.+ 引导词时，whether/if都可代替引导词。如：1.Whether we will have a holiday is still a question. 2.It is still a question whether/if we will have a holiday. 3.It is doubtful whether/if he will come.连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句时，既可放在句首也可用it作形式主语将其放在句末。如：1.Which kind of food is the best is still not certain. 2.It makes no difference where we will have the meeting.wh（连接代词）-ever引导主语从句，如：1.Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 2.Whoever did this job must be rewarded.四、表语从句概念 作表语的句子叫表语从句。引导词that引导表语从句时不可以省略，如：My idea is that we go there tomorrow.表语从句只能用whether引导，如：The problem is whether the the work can be finished on time.连接代词或连接副词都可以引导从句作表语，如：1.My question is where we should go. 2. My question is what we should do next.as if / as though和because也可以引导从句作表语，如：1.It looks as if it is going to rain. 2. Thats because he didnt work hard enough.注意：because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause，而且since和as不能引导表语从句；如果主语是reason或cause，表语从句用that引导，如：The reason why he was late for school was that his bike was broken on his way to school.五、同位语从句概念 作同位语的句子叫同位语从句，同位语从句跟在某些抽象名词（如：fact、idea、hope、promise、etc）的后面，对前面的名词起解释说明的作用。引导词that引导同位语从句时，只起引导作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分并且不可以省略，如： We were very excited at the news that our team had won.同位语从句只能用whether引导，如：I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.连接代词或连接副词都可以引导从句作同位语，如：1.I have no idea what will happen next 2.My question how I should get in touch with him hasnt been answered.六、名词性从句还需要注意的几个问题什么时候that 不能省略主语从句中that位于句首时，以及表语从句和同位语从句中的that绝对不能省略；当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个以及以后几个从句的that不能省略，如：He said he would come on time and that he would bring a gift.由it作形式宾语时，在that引导的宾语从句中，that不能省略，如：I find it strange that he seldom talk to others.wh（连接代词）-ever和no matter wh-ever有什么区别wh（连接代词）-ever既可引导名词性从句也可引导让步状语从句，而no matter wh-ever只能引导让步状语从句，如：1.Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me. = No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me.（让步状语从句） 2.He would believe whatever I said. （宾语从句）在wh-ever引导的从句中，wh-ever可起强调作用，意为“究竟、到底”。如：Wherever have you been?你究竟去了哪里？同位语从句和定语从句有什么区别代词后面跟的从句一般是定语从句，而名词后面跟的从句既可能是同位语从句也可能是定语从句。判断时只需要考虑从句引导词是否与先行词意思一致即可，若一样，为定语从句，反之，则为同位语从句。如：1.The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.（同位语从句） 2.The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句）(4)名词性关系从句名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what是最常见用来引导名词性关系从句的词，此时what = the thing (s) which that，有时what可以用作前置定语，如：what help, what funny stories等。此外，whoever = anyone who；whichever = anyone anything that (whichever也可指人)；whatever = anything that（whichever和whatever也可作定语）。有时where = the place where和when = the time when也可以用来引导名词性关系从句。如：主语从句1.What they need is a good book. 2.Whoever did this must be rewarded.3.Whichever he likes will be given to him. 4.Whatever he bought would be paid for.5.Where we should go hasnt been decided. 6.When we should go hasnt been decided.宾语从句1.I can judge by what I know of him. 2.People would praise whoever saved the boy.3.I will like whichever you give me. 4.I will pay for whatever you buy.5.We havent decided where we should go. 6.We havent decided when we should go.表语从句1.This is what he wants to give you. 2.This is where our problem lies.3.Tomorrow is when it would be most convenient.同位语从句I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.另外，名词性关系从句还可以作宾语补足语，如：1.Well make him whatever he is fit for. 2.Ill call the baby whatever name you like. 3.He has made the company what it is today.名词性从句专项练习100题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact2. “Is Mary from New York City” “I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costed D. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. for B. because C. since D. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. that B. if C. what D. whether18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”“Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.”A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earns D. with little she earns21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich22. We gave him _ help we could.A. which B. what C. that D. this23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happening D. what the matter had been30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_.A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I31. _ I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. Ifdo B. Thatdo C. Ifdoes D. Thatdoes37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. Whatthat B. Thatwhat C. Howwhy D. Whyhow38. _ did he tell his wife _ he wished to do A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Wherewhich D. Whichwhere 39. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. which41. “Do you know _” “His father is a doctor.”A. what is his father B. who is his fatherC. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which43. It _ Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that44. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether46. She asked _.A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me upC. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing47. May I borrow the ring You can take _ you like.A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that D. whose51. Its uncertain _ the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how52. They would have fixed the telephone yesterday _ it was a holiday.A. except B. except for C. except that D. but for53. _ is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. Whichever is hard B. No matter what is hardC. What is hard D. All what is hard54. _ the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which55. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go56. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what57. _ you dont like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether58. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited59. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where60. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. Why that D. If what61. _is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who62. _ well finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That63. _ the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What64. _ he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This65. _ you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. Why D. Whether66. _ makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody67. _ team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How68.Three days later, word came _our country had sent up another man-made satellite.A. which B. when C. that D. where69.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who70.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like71.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how72.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why73. We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A. that B. it C. this D. what74.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how75.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was76.Can you tell me _ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 77. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who78. It is well known _ a person eats causes changes in the body.A. that what, when, and how B. thatC. what D. how79. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such80. Jack was soon told _ he did was not necessary.A. why B. that C. how D. why what81. We should think carefully about _ Mr. Needham said at the meeting.A. that B. what C. which D. X82. Can you point out _ two radios are the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether 83. You will easily know _ video recorders (录相机) are the same.A. what those B. that of those C. that all of D. which of those84. _ you have seen things like these before doesnt matter.A. If B. Whether C. What D. When 85. I asked her in English _ she was, and she told me _ she was an actress.A. whothat B. whoX C. whatX D. howthat86. She took it for granted _ Id be back home an hour ago.A. that B. whether C. if D. when87. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how88. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that89. At that