状语从句的用法.doc

检测练习一： 用横线划出下列句子中的状语从句，并指出是哪种状语从句1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be.3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.5. I shall go to the park unless it rains.6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.7. Where there is water, there is life.8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you.10. Even if (though) I fail. Ill never lose heart.11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.12. I will find her wherever she may be. 13. Now that youve come, youd better have dinner with us.14. He was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep.15. We must do everything as he tells us.16. India is much bigger than Japan.17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.检测练习一答案:1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things. 让步2. The more I can do for the class, the happier Ill be. 比较3. He talks as if (as though) he knew all about it. 方式4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him. 结果5. I shall go to the park unless it rains. 条件6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 时间7. Where there is water, there is life. 地点8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates. 目的9. Since you are very busy, I wont trouble you. 原因10. Even if (though) I fail, Ill never lose heart. 让步11. Once you begin the work, you must continue. 时间12. I will find her wherever she may be. 让步13. Now that youve come, youd better have dinner with us. 原因14. He was so excited that he couldnt fall asleep. 结果15. We must do everything as he tells us. 方式16. India is much bigger than Japan. 比较17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome. 让步18. As (So) long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates. 条件状语从句概念：是由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语（或其它动词）、形容词、副词或是整个句子，根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句由从属连接词引导。一、时间状语从句 1、常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词：once(一旦), the moment (= the minute), no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when，by the time (所在句子的主句应用完成时) While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.By the time he gets there, his father has already gone.二、地点状语从句常用引导词：where，wherever,Go back where you came from! 哪里来还滚到哪里去！I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. 我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.三、 原因状语从句1、原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, for，now that, seeing that(既然), considering that(考虑到.) 等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found a good university for him. 他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。 My friends dislike me because Im handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, lets begin our conference.注意 1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。 2、时间、条件、原因、让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。 四、目的状语从句目的状语从句通常由that，so that., in order that.，for fear that(如果，以防), in case(以免), lest(惟恐)等引导, 往往放在句尾, 从句中通常含有can / could / may / might / will / would等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the first train. 他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.We used the computer in order that we might save time.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.He wrote the name down for fear that / lest he should forget.He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.= He worked day and night in order to succeed.五、结果状语从句结果状语从句通常由 that, so.that., suchthat等引导, 放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情, 故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. 他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。He got up so early that he caught the first bus.Its such a good chance that we must not miss it.There were such a lot of people in the room that we could not get in.=There were so many people in the room that we could not get in. Tom is so good a boy that everyone likes him.= Tom is such a good boy that everyone likes him.六、条件状语从句条件状语从句通常由if, unless(=if not)， suppose that(假如)，supposing，given that，provided that，in case（that）（万一），on condition that(在条件下)，asso long as（只要就）等引导, 条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾。You will certainly fail in the coming final exams unless you work much harder.即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格, 除非你更用功。 If it doesn t rain tomorrow, we shall go hiking. 如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。You can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 oclock.Suppose it rains, what will we do?Send us a message in case you have any trouble.Ill come on condition that John is invited too.Well let you use the room provided that you keep it clean and tidy.Well start our project if the president agrees.七、 让步状语从句让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), no matter + 疑问词（=疑问词+ever，如however, whatever）等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) for me, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me.即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。 He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. 他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.He wont listen whatever you may say.注意：1、as引导让步状语从句，要倒装。如： Young as he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.Much as I love it, I will not buy it.Hero as he is, he has some shortcomings.2、no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 （错）No matter what you say is of no use now. （对）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你现在说什么也没用了。 (Whatever you say是主语从句) （错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （对）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。八、方式状语从句常用引导词：as(如、像、按), as if, as though，the way.引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉语常译作仿佛似的，好像似的， Ill do as I am told to. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.She behaved as if she were the boss.It looks as if / though it is going to rain.九、比较状语从句通常由than, as .as, not as (so).as, the more,the more等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. Jane比我高多了。 I dont have as many books as you (do). 我书没有你多。The more you read, the more knowledge you can get. 你看得书越多，知识越丰富。 十、使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题1、在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。(“主将从现”)e.g. When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. 你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。 I wont leave until Mum comes back. 妈妈回来了我才会走。Well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow.Ill write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing.If he comes back, please let me know.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。e.g.When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .Hell go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible. When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night. If (you are) asked, you may come in. If (it is) necessary, Ill explain to you again.注意: 当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. = The meeting being over, all the people went out of the meeting-room. 当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。 3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）Tell me the place where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！一、时间状语从句 考例1A good story teller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity_ he reaches the end of the story Awhen Bunless Cafter Duntil 分析主句谓语动词hold是延续性动词，根据句意：一个优秀的讲故事的人必须能够把听众的好奇心保持到他讲完故事为止。本题选D正确。 考例2Come and see me whenever_Ayou are convenient Byou will be convenientCit is convenient for you Dit will be convenient to you 分析在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来。问某人是否觉得方便时，应该使用下面句型：Is it convenient for sb.? convenient也常用于it作形式主语的句型中：It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 本题选C正确。 考例3He made a mistake，but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse Auntil Bwhen Cbefore Das 分析根据句意：他犯了错误，但没等局势恶化，他就扭转了局势。before引导时间状语从句，本题选C正确。 考例4 Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her？ Yes，I gave it to her _ I saw her Awhile Bthe moment Csuddenly Donce 分析名词短语the moment可直接引导时间状语从句，其后面不要再用其它连词。本题选B正确。 二、地点状语从句 考例5The famous scientist grew up_he was born and in 1930 he came to ShanghaiAwhen Bwhenever Cwhere Dwherever 分析根据句意：那位著名的科学家在出生地长大，于1930年来到上海。where引导地点状语从句，意为“在的地方”；wherever引导地点状语从句时，意为“无论在哪里”。本题选C正确。 三、原因状语从句 考例6_youve got a chance，you might as well(不妨) make full use of itANow that BAfter CAlthough DAs soon as 分析now that意为“既然”，常用来引导原因状语从句。本题选A正确。 考例7The Italian boy was regarded as a hero _ he gave his life for his countryAaccording to Bbecause of Con account of（因为） Dbecause 分析根据句意：那位意大利男孩被看作是英雄，因为他为祖国献出了生命。because引导原因状语从句，而B和C两个选项连接名词或名词短语。本题选D正确。 考例8We had better hurry_it is getting dark Aand Bbut Cas Dunless 分析根据句意：由于天渐渐黑了，我们最好抓紧时间。as在此引导原因状语从句。本题选C正确。四、结果状语从句 考例9We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets Aa rush so anxious Ba such anxious rush Cso an anxious rush Dsuch an anxious rush 分析本句是由suchthat引导的结果状语从句，由于句中插入了when we left这一时间状语从句，它起到了较大的干扰作用，从而增加了试题的难度。本题选D正确。 五、目的状语从句 考例10Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report _ her boss could read it first the next morningAso that Bbecause Cbefore D. or else 分析根据句意分析，本句应为目的状语从句。本题选A正确。 六、条件状语从句 考例11_I know the money is safe，I shall not worry about itAEven though BUnless CAs long as Dwhether 分析as long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。根据句意分析，本题选C正确。 考例12Please call me _ you can not keep this appointment. Auntil Bif Cwhen Dthat 分析根据句意分析，本句是由if引导的条件状语从句，本题选B正确。 考例13You will succeed in the end _ you give up half way Aeven if Bas though Cas long as Dunless 分析本句意为：如果你不中途放弃，你最终会成功。本题选D正确。 考例14I shall stay in the hotel all day _ there is news of the missing child Ain case Bno matter Cin any case Dever since 分析in case意为“以防”，用来引导目的状语从句。本句意为：我将在旅店呆一整天，以防有那个丢失的孩子的消息。本题选A正确。 七、让步状语从句 考例15MrHall understands that _ math has always been easy for him，it is not easy for the students Aunless Bsince Calthough Dwhen 分析根据句意分析，本句是由although引导的让步状语从句。本题选C 正确。 考例16Well have to finish the job，_Along it takes however Bit takes however long Clong however it takes Dhowever long it takes 分析根据句意：不管用多长时间，我们都要把工作做完。本题选D正确。 考例17 John plays football _，if not better than，David Aas well Bas well as Cso well Dso well as 分析本题主要考查副词的比较等级，该句型属于表示比较状语从句。本题选B正确。练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！一、用适当的连词填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he got there.3. Lets begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I dont like their food.5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.7. I have known him _ 1960.8. They will help you _ you meet with difficulty.9. _ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10. I didnt join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family.13. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout the audience down.14. He was angrier _ ever before.15. _ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.16. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.17. Hard _ he tried, he couldnt force the door open.二、选择填空：1. Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. beforeB. becauseC. as soon asD. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. ifB. unlessC. forD. since3. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if D. until4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. HoweverC. Wherever D. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. forC. when D. as7. They will never succeed, _ hard they try.A. because B. howeverC. whenD. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. BecauseC. ThoughD. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. AlthoughC. EvenD. In spite of10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as B. when C. since D. for11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as ifD. when12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If B. Unless C. SinceD. When13. _ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.A. Before B. UnlessC. As soon asD. Though14. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, thatC. very, thatD. so, as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since B. until C. because D. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as thoughC. becauseD. until17. Although its raining, _ are still working in the field.A. they B. but theyC. and theyD. so they18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better.A. since B. so thatC. forD. because19. It is _ hot in the room _ we have to go out for a walk. A. such; that B. so; that C. as; as D. such; as20. When you read the book, youd better make a mark _ you have any questions.A. at which B. at whereC. the placeD. where练习与巩固题答案:一、1. when; 2. as soon as; 3. as; 4. though; 5. Wherever; 6. because; 7. Since; 8. whenever; 9. Since; 10. because; 11. so that; 12. though; 13. that; 14. than; 15. Even if; 16. that; 17. as二、 15 CAAAC 610 ABCBA 1115 DDCAB 1620 DABBD 附录：1、when, while和as的区别When 既可以指一个时间点，又可以指一段时间。引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间性动词。它引导的从句表示的动作或状态，可以与主句表示的动作或状态同时发生，也可以是先后或紧接着发生。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。When she came in, I stopped eating. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.We were about to leave when he came in. While 只指一段时间。引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.I like playing football while you like playing basketball. She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.As 引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生，表示“一边一边”； 它通常表示动作发生的过程而不是状态。as还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。We always sing as we walk. As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom. 随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。As, when, while 有时可以通用。如：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / when/ while father was away. （引导延续性动作，三者可以互换）He fell asleep when / as / while he was doing exercises.他在做练习的时候睡着了。（引导延续性动作，三者可以互换） When he arrived in Shanghai, his mother met him at the station.当他到上海时，他妈妈在车站接他。（arrive是瞬间性动词，不能用while）2、由before和after引导的时间状语从句。（动作发生的先后） (1) before “在之前”，引导的从句不用否定式谓语。 Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 他们还没到车站，火车就开走了。She arrived before I expected. 我没想到她到得那么早。（2）当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“（之后）才”。 It will be some time before doIt was / would be some time before did 如：It will be long before we meet again. 要隔很久的时间我们才能再见面。Will it be long before the performance begins? 离表演开始还很久吗?It might be long before civil government would be re-established. 重建文官政府也许要等很长时间。He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒了才看见我。 It will be four days before they come back. Th