理工B第1套2014职称英语.doc

2014争锋软件考前冲刺密卷（理工B 第1套/共2套）本试卷是争锋软件教研专家组在2014年考前特意为学员朋友准备的考前磨刀石，其重要程度绝不亚于考前押题。建议打印出来进行作答。考前最后几天备考方案：3月2425日：把考前押题当做练习，认真作答同时记忆。实在记不住的，也要最大程度加深印象（金牌保过版客户，阅读理解部分在自己作答之后，请结合软件中“名师课堂-阅读理解精讲”课程进行学习，以减轻学习负担，增强学习效果）。3月2627日：闭卷作答冲刺密卷，然后认真参照答案、解析、全文翻译进行仔细回顾，做到对每一个题、每一篇文章及翻译都有深刻印象。强调冲刺密卷必须闭卷作答，就当是在考试一样，这样印象才会深刻（不排除冲刺密卷中有考试题的可能性）。3月28日：（1）强化记忆考前押题 （2）把做过的冲刺密卷从头到尾认真看一遍再加深印象。使用字典排版方式的朋友，请熟悉每篇文章在排版中的位置，以便考试时能迅速查阅。几天时间要做这么多题，掌握这么多内容，可能确实有些难为大家了，知道大家工作都很辛苦，很忙，但是为了您能一次过关，请大家务必咬牙坚持，坚持就是胜利！再苦再累也就几天时间，请一定严格按以上要求进行最后阶段冲刺备考！加油！胜利一定属于您！第1部分：词汇选项 （第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每一处划线部分确定一个意思接近的选项。A 1Many fine cooks insist on ingredients of the highest qualityA) demand B) rely on C) prepare for D) createD 2Since the Great Depression，the United States government has protected farmers from damaging drops in grain pricesA)slight B) surprising C)sudden D)harmfulB 3Cement was seldom used in building during the Middle AgesA)crudely B)rarely C)originally D)symbolicallyA 4Nerve signals may travel through nerve or muscle fibers at speeds as high as two hundred miles per hourA)velocities B)impulses C)ratios D)atrocitiesC 5Medicine depends on other fields for basic information，particularly some of their specialized branchesA)conventionally B)obviously C)especially D)inevitablyD 6We shall take the treasure away to a safe placeA)clean B)pretty C)distant D)secureB 7An important part of the national government is the Foreign Service，a branch of the Department of StateA)a unity B)a division C)an embassy D)an invasionD 8The childs abnormal behavior puzzled the doctorA)bad B) frightening C)repeated D)unusualB 9There is an abundant supply of cheap labor in this countryA)a steady B)a plentiful C)an extra D)a meagerA 10In order to improve our standard of living，we have to accelerate productionA)step up B)decrease C)stop D)controlC 11Gas does accumulate in the mines around hereA)increase B)spread C)collect D)growA 12Our plan is to allocate one member of staff to handle appointmentsA)assign B)persuade C)ask D)orderB 13Her behavior is extremely childishA)simple B)immature C)beautiful D)foolishB 14We also want to use the water to irrigate barren desert landA)hairless B)bare C)empty D)baldB 15The latest car model embodies many new improvementsA)consists of B)includes C)makes up D)marks第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Evolution of SleepSleep is very ancient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates andalmost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back as far as the reptilethere is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on thelife-style of the animal, and that predators are statistically much more likely to dream than prey,which are in turn much more likely to expenence dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal ispowerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli.Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed cats or dogs cocking their ears toa sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seemsclearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly e-volved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart ones. Butwhy should they sleep deeply at all?why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved? Perhaps one useful hint a-bout the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquaticmammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and large, no place to hide in the ocean.Could it bethat, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to de-3-Crease it? Wilse W.e University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University have sug-gested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their ownFor predrrirn/ais an;1ng tioro.ntbly at least partly true.A 16Almost all the mammals and birds do sleep.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedB 17Prey is more likely to dream than predators.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedB 18Compared with smart animals , stupid ones are roften irrmrmobilized by sleep.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedB 19All the aquatic mammals sleep a lot.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA 20The function of sleep is to decrease animals vulnerability.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedC 21With the evolution , human beings may sleep more.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentionedA 22Cats and dogs often have dreamless sleep.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned第3部分 概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为敌25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Natural Gas1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earths surface. It is a fossil fuel (矿物质燃料) , meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane (甲烷).2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure (基础设施) has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas service is available in all 50 states in the U. S. , and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes use natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits less pollution than other fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted (燃锣雹) ,making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all.4 The United States consumes about one-third of the worlds natural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U. S. Department of Energys Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earths surface. The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle EastLNG（液化天然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades. Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain.APopularity and use of natural gasBNatural gas reserves and supplyCNatural gas pricesDClean fuel of choiceEDisadvantages of natural gasFNatural gas consumption23 Paragraph 2_A_24 Paragraph 3_D_25 Paragraph 4_F_26 Paragraph 5_B_27 Natural gas is stored deep_B_28 Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_F_29 When manufacturing many products, people commonly use natural gas_E_30 It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_C_Aover the past 50 yearsBbeneath the earth surfaceCby more than 50 percentDfor more than four decadesEas a raw materialFfor home energy needs第4部分 阅读理解（第3135题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Ill Be Bach Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computerprogram that writes original works of classical music. It took Cope 30 years todevelop the software. Now most people cant tell the difference between musicby the famous German composer J. S. Bach (1685-1750) and the Bach-likecompositions from Copes computer. It all started in 1980 in the United States, whenCope was trying to write an opera. He was having trouble thinking of newmelodies, so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies. At first thismusic was not easy to listen to. What did Cope do? He began to rethink howhuman beings compose music. He realized that composers，brains work like big databases.First, they take in all the music that they have ever heard. Then they take outthe music that they dislike. Finally, they make new music from what is left.According to Cope, only the great composers are able to create the databaseaccurately, remember it, and form new musical patterns from it. Cope built a huge database of existing music. He beganwith hundreds of works by Bach. The software analyzed the data：it broke it down into smallerpieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the pieces into new patterns.Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works. They werent good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a wholeopera to write. He continued to improve the software. Soon it could analyzemore complex music. He also added many other composers, including his own work,to the database. A few years later，Copes computer program, called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera. The process required a lot ofcollaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computersmusical ideas and used the ones that he liked. With Emmy, the opera took onlytwo weeks to finish. It was called Cradle Falling, and it was a great success!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career, but no one knew exactlyhow he had composed the work. Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousandsof compositions. Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesntlike of her music, but she is doing most of the hard work of composing thesedays!31The music composed by David cope is about _.A.Classical musicB.pop music C.drama D.country music32By developing a computer software，David cope aimed _.A.to be like BachB.to study BachC.to write an operaD.to create a musical database33What did cope realize about a great composers brain?A.It forms new musical patterns allby itselfB.It writes a computer programC.It can recognize any music patternsD.It creates an accurate database34Who is Emmy?A.a databaseB.a computer softwareC.a composer who helped DavidD.an opera35We can infer from the passage that _.A.David Cope is a computerprogrammer.B.David Cope loves music.C.Bachs music helped him a lot.D.Emmy did much more work than a composer第二篇： Explorer of the Extreme DeepOceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet. Yet, just a small raction of the underwater world has been explored. Now, Scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution ( WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet). The new machine,known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle (HOV) ,will replace another one named Alvin which has an amazing record of discovery,playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions. Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet). Its about time for an upgrade,WHOI researchers say.Alvin was launched in 1964. Since then,Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year,says Daniel Fornari,a manne geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI. During its lifetime,Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives. A newer, better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises about a world that is still full of mysteries, Fornan says. It might also make the job of exploration a little easier. “We take so much for granted on land. “ Fornari says. “We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are. We can see colors,special arrangements. “Size-wise,the new HOV will be similar to Alvin.Itll be about 37 feet long. The setting area inside will be a small sphere,about 8 feet wide,like Alvin. Itll carry a pilot and two passengers. It will be just as maneuverable. In most other ways,it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view, for one thing. Alvin has only three windows,the new vehicle will have five,with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing.Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second,and its maximum speed is 2 knots (about 2.3 miles per hour) ,while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second.Itll reach speeds of 3 knots,or 3.5 miles per hour.36What is Alvin?A.A research institute. B.A transporting vehicle. C.A submersible. D.A scientist.37Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin?A.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.B.It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditionsC.It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century.D.It has been used for more than 40 years.38“a world that is still full of mysteries refers to _.A.the earthB.out spaceC.the oceanD.Mars39In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar?A.SizeB.Speed.C.Shape.D.Both A and C40In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different?A.Offering better views.B.Speed.C.Size. D.Both A and B第三篇 Driven to DistractionJoe Coyne slides into the drivers seat, starts up the car and heads to town. The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadnt stopped in time, the woman would have been safe. She isnt real. Neither is the town. And Coyne isnt really driving. Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University(ODU) examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel4.The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting or whether any distractions are offset5 by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.Were looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues.The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs. light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people “get into more challenging driving situations, they dont have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment,” Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. The next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers mental workload.Is it best if they see a picturethat shows their position, a map kind of display?” Baldwin said. “Is it best if they hear it?”Navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route. “Theyre very unforgiving,” Baldwin said. “If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.”That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said.Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense10 for people who prefer the survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men dont like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.41Which statement is. True of the description in the first two paragraphs?A.If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldnt have hit the womanB.The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulationsC.Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the womanD.If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her42What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs?A.Whether or not audible or written directions are distractingB.How long it will take the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli.C.How the driver perform under certain mental workload.D.All of the above.43What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph?A.Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations.B.In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things.C.In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something elseD.Drivers mental load remains unchanged under different situations.44The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchersA.are designing a visual navigational information system.B.are desi