2010年高考英语介词和连接词.doc

语法系列复习专题介词、连接词介 词 学习介词用法除要掌握一般常规用法外,还须注意一些特殊用法,固定搭配等。一、表示时间介词注意点： 1in一段时间in一段时间s time(与将来时连用)我们三天后碰头。如：Well meet in three days in three days time within一段时间（用于各种时态） 如：You must finish reading the book within a week.你必须在一周内读完这本书。 2on Christmas Day在圣诞节；at Christmas在圣诞节的几天中 3up to nowuntil now, from morning till night, for the time being暂时， at times有时，day by day一天天地，in no time立刻。 4during是介词，不能引导从句。二、注意一些表示地点场所介词短语的引伸、比喻含义 in the mud在泥中，beyond hope绝望, in freezing在严寒天气中，in danger在危 险中，in trouble在困境中，in public在公共场合中，under construction在建设 中，on business出差，in the same boat处境一样，on sale在出售三、表示方式、手段、工具等介词（by,with,on,in） 1.by: The blind men thought they could learn what the elephant looked like by touching it./ make a living by teaching/ by hand手工地，靠手工地，by letter, by post, by electricity, learn sth. by heart, struck by the beauty因美丽 而着迷 He was paid by the hour/ the day/ month/他按时/日/月/被付给工钱。 by plane/ train/ ship/ air/ water/ sea/, by means of用手段，方式；by way of经由，取道于 learn English by/ over/ through/ on the radio 2.on: live on food, kneel on ones knees, lie/ sleep on ones back / side / face 仰/侧/俯卧（睡） 3.in: in English, in ink, in silence, in one voice异口同声地，in a hurry匆忙 地，in surprise惊讶地 4with: write with a pen, work with ones hands, smell with ones nose, beat the horse with a whip(鞭子)四、相近介词（短语）辨析 1. on“关于”，学术性强：a lecture on computer about“关于”，知识性或随便谈论：a discussion about the plan 2. go/come/walk/run后只能用into, put/sit down/throw/jump/fall后可用in/into 3. over在正上方，under在正下方 above在上面（不一定垂直上方），below在下面 4. in an hour一小时后，用于将来时 after an hour一小时后，用于过去时 5. beside在旁边 besides除之外（还有） except除之外 except for除（非同类事物）之外 6. on/in the street at 50 Dongfeng Road 在东风路50号 7. a hole in the wall a picture on the wall a piece of news in the newspaper the words in the envelop the monkey in the tree the apples on the tree(树上的苹果。表示长在树“上”的果实要用介词“on”) 8. the tallest boy of(in) the class/school/(象class这类群体单位名词前可用 of或in) the tallest(boy) of the ten boys(象boys这类非群体名词前，只能用of) 9. with the help / the permission of 在 帮助/允诺下 under the leadership / the care of 在领导/关心下 10. be familiar with sb./sth. 熟悉某人/某物 be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉 11. be absent from meeting/class开会/上课缺席 be sbsent in sp. 不在某处 12. be strict with sb. 对某人严格要求be strict in sth. 严格对待某事 13. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部(在中国境内) Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东部（不接壤）。 14. at least 至少 in the least 丝毫，一点 15. in the air 空中，在流传 on the air播出 16. shout to 呼喊，向喊 shout at对吼，责骂 17. in the way挡路，障碍，妨碍 in a way在某点上，在某种程度上 by the way顺便问一下 on ones way(to) 在路上 18. at the corner在拐角处（外角） in the corner在拐角里，在角落里（内角） on the corner在角落上（外角） 19. on fire着火，失火 on the fire在火上 at the fire在炉边 20. in the endat lastfinally by the end of到末止 at the end of在结束时，在末端，at the end最后。 21. after a timeafter some time过一段时间后 behind time迟到，过期 ahead of time提前，超前 sometime某时 some time某段时间，某一时期 sometimes有时 at a timeeach time每次 at one timeonce曾经22. for a momentfor a while/minute一会儿 for the moment暂时 in a moment立刻 at the moment当时 the moment/minute/second/instanceas soon as 一就 23. be tired of 讨厌 be tired with 因而疲倦 24. be popular with sb. 受某人的欢迎 be popular for因而流行 be popular in sp. 在某处流行 25. be pleased with名词/what从句 对满意 be pleased at抽象名词 听/看到而高兴 26. be known to sb.为某人所知 be known as 作为而出名，被叫作 be known for因而出名 27. be busy with sth.忙于某事 be busy(in) doing sth.忙着做某事 28. be late for迟于参加（某项活动）： She was late for supper.她吃晚饭去迟了。 be late with某事办迟了： She was late with the supper.她晚饭烧迟了。介词考点分析 1My uncle lives_ 105 Beijing street. (NMET) A.on B.at C.to D.of 析：门牌号码前要用at。 2He slept well_all the windows open. (NMET) A.when B.while C.with D.because 析：A、B、D都是连词，其后应接句子(与slept相应，open应为opened)故都不合此题。 with all the windows open是“with名词形容词”独立结构,在此作方式状语。 故答案为C。 3We offered him our congratulations_his passing the college entrance exams.(NMET) A.at B.of C.for D.on 析：congratulate sb. on sth.对某人的某事表示祝贺，这是固定说法；offer/express congratulations on sth./doing sth.对某事/做某事表示祝贺。在这一结构中也用 on。故此题答案是D。 4If you keep on, youll succeed_. (NMET) A.in time B.at one time C.at the same time D.on time 析：四个选项中in time有“终究”。“迟早”意，在此合用，故此题答案为A。 5Great men never give up_difficulty. (NMET) A.in face of the B.when facing with C.in the face of D.when facing by 析：in face ofin the face of表“面对”意。此题是“面对任何困难”意，为泛指， 并非特指，所以答案为C。 6The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m.at the latest. (NMET) A.until B.after C.by D.around 析：by可表“不迟于(no later than)”意。until与I have to be at the station 连用，要以“notuntil”形式出现，故在此不合；after在此也不合；around表 “大约”意，太笼统了。故此题答案应为C。连 接 词一、连词分类： 1并列连词：是指连接对等的词、词组和句子，而不是连接主句与从句 的连词，如： and, bothand, neithernor, not onlybut also, as well as, but, however, while(而), still, yet, or, eitheror, otherwise, so, for, therefore, thus 等。 2从属连词：指连接主句与从句的连词，如：that, whether, if, before, after, as , as soon as, once, since, ever since, till, until, when, whenever, while, because, since, now that, sothat(既然), suchthat, so that, in order that, as if,as thouth,though, although, even though, no matter who/whoever/， unless, as/so long as, in case(以防)等。二、使用连词注意点： 1for是并列连词，它所引出的理由是一种补充说明，语气很弱。它所引导的分句几乎 可以放在括号里。其引导的分句不能放在句首。 例如：He might have gone to bed, for the light went out. 2though和although引导从句时主句前不能用but。例如下面句子是错误的： Although/Though he was ill, but he went to school.(改正的方法是将but去掉， 或将although, though去掉)。 3because，as引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能用so。例如下面句子是错的：As / Because there are no classes tomorrow，so they will go on a picnic.（改正 的方法是去掉as, because或去掉so。） 4当because用来解释或说明某一动作时，不能用for来代替。Why开头的问句要用 because开头引出原因，而不能用for开头引出原因。连词考点分析 1She thought I was talking about her daughter,_in fact I was talking about my daughter.(NMET) A.whom B.where C.which D.while 析：空白处需填一个表示转折对比的连词，while可表“而”、“却”意，故答案为D。 2He hasnt yet arrived. He may,_, come later. A.but B.though C.or D.however 析：从空白处看，前后都有逗号，however适合填入，又因however意“然而”，“但是”， 填入空白处后，前后两句意思连贯，故D为正确选项 3 I dont like fish_ chicken. I dont like fish_ I like chicken very much. A.and; and B.and; but C.or; but D.or; and 析：观察第一句，谓语为否定式，其空白处应该用or来连接并列事物，故可排除A、B。 观察第二句，显然空白处需用一个转折连词，故答案为C。 4Good technique in medicine means less pain and fewer deaths and,_ ,it is our duty to master it.(上海高考题) A.altogether B.therefore C.otherwise D.however 析：从上下文看，前后为因果关系，故应选B。 5Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially_ Father was away in France.(NMET) A.as B.that C.during D.if 析：首先可排除C。因为during是介词，不能引导从句。that和if虽然可以引导从句， 但不能表述Mother was worried的原因。故只能选A。 6_ you dont like him is none of my business.(上海高考题) A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether 析：从题干看，需要空白处填一词引出you dont like him这样一个事实，显然只有选 C.That合适。 7The day breaks_ the birds are singing. A.because B.as C.since D.for 析：若选A、B、C，则The day breaks(天亮)的原因就是the birds are singing(鸟叫)， 显然这是不成理的，只有for引出的句子作为一种附加说明才成立。介词、连词专练 1The place isnt too bad, is it? _ its a bit too crowded. A.No, but B.Yes, though C.No, because D.Yes, yet 2Five minutes earlier,_ we could have caught the last train. A.but B.and C.so D.or 3They may go to London, but they are not certain_. A.still B.yet C.already D.however 4This word may be used both as a noun_as a verb. A.as well as B.nor C.and D.or 5I have read one of his plays_a lot of his poems. A.but B.while C.as well as D.as well 6We cant see air, _,it does exist. A.and B.but C.however D.still 7Do what you have been told,_ you will be punished. A.and B.but C.or D.after all 8She was ill,_she cant come. A.for B.therefore C.but D.or 9I thought he hated TV. You are right,_he still watches the program. A.besides B.also C.then D.yet10_you are dismissed. A.Either you go or B.Whether you go or C.Both you go and D.Not only you go but also11It is strange, _ it is true. A.if B.or C.so D.and12I asked her to stay for tea,_ I had something to tell her. A.but B.for C.or D.and13I remember_ this used to he a quiet village. (NMET) A.when B.how C.where D.what14It will be hours_ she comes back. A.before B.since C.after D.by15I had no idea about it_ he told me. A.until B.there C.that D.where16Air to us is _ water to fish. A.what B.that C.which D.of which17When you read the book, youd better make a mark_ you have questions. A.where B.at which C.at where D.the place where18I had no idea where he had been_ he told me. A.when B.until C.except D.because19_,Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. (NMET) A.However late is he B.However he is late C.However D.However late he is20It worried her a bit_ her hair was turning gray. (NMET) A.while B.that C.if D.for21I dont doubt_ he can pass the entrance examination. A.whether B.when C.that D.how22Never believe anything_ any other person has believed it.Use your own mind. A.that B.when C.because D.nor23Dont stop_you meet with a word you dont understand. A.at that time B.each time C.sometimes D.before24Take an umbrella_ it rains. A.in case B.in any case C.because D.for25_the teacher found goodness, he praised it. A.Wherever B.However C.As D.Because26I saw a stranger_ a distance of ten yards. A.at B.in C.by D.to27She went to Shanghai_ way of Nanjing. A.by B.on C.in D.to28Mr.Smith set out_ USA last week. A.about B.in C.to D.for29_the leadership of the Party,we should not have succeeded. A.Under B.With C.Having not D.But for30Its well-known_ all of us that Taiwan belongs_ China. A.by; to B.to; to C.for; to D.to; of 31_what age do children begin to go to school? A.Of B.From C.For D.At32My aunt came back_ three days. A.after B.in C.around D.about33What did people say_ me? A.with B.by C.forward D.of34In this company we are paid_the month. A.on B.at C.by D.for35Students who live in crowded homes find it difficult to study_comfort. A.in B.for C.from D.without36She looks quite young_her age. A.at B.of C.by D.for37The car went_the direction of the post office. A.to B.in C.by D.for38Children are often named_ their parents. A.after B.with C.on D.for39Lets go home. Ok. Im getting tired_ shopping. A.w