写作——每周一卷步步登高.doc

写作每周一卷，步步登高第一步|先求稳，但求无过（用时1节课）第一小节明确句子八大成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语等。一、主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词（短语）、代词、数词、动词不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句等充当。These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm to life and the environment. (2013安徽高考书面表达)最近，违反交通规则和乱丢垃圾已是司空见惯，给人们的生活和环境都带来了严重的危害。（动名词作主语）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、掌握一门外语对我们的生活非常有帮助。（动名词作主语） will be of great help in our life. 2、使我印象最深刻的是他们都经过了专业培训。（主语从句） was that they had had professional training. 二、谓语谓语用业描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征。谓语只能由动词（短语）充当，有人称、数和时态的变化。I am delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum and opinions of the public are being collected as to selecting the location for the exhibition, which encourages me to write to express my ideas. (2013上海高考书面表达)我非常高兴地得知，上海博物馆将组织一个著名的艺术展览，对于展览的地点正在向公众征求意见，这鼓励我写信来表达我的观点。即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、他早上七点起床时，脑海里突然有了个大计划。（动词短语作谓语）When he at 7:00 am, a big plan him. 2、他们会沉迷于电脑游戏，这会对他们的学习有不良影响。（动词短语作谓语）They computer games, which their studies. 三、宾语宾语是动作的对钟爱或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后面。可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语和从句等。On the other hand, I will organize some interclass and interschool English communication and competition with the students from other universities to help us students enhance our ability. （2013天津高考书面表达）另一方面，我会组织一些班级之间、学校之间的交流以及与其他学校的学生的竞赛来帮助我们学生提高自己的能力。（名词作宾语）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、他突然想在启程之前再看看这座城市的美景。（动名词作宾语）Suddenly he thought of before setting out. 2、首先，我认为一个人在国外多交朋友是非常重要的。（不定式作宾语，而it作形式宾语）First of all, I think very important .四、定语定语是用来描述名词或代词的品质与特征的修饰语，它常和名词构成名词短语。可以用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。In reality, different students have different learning habits, which I think influence their learning efficiency greatly. (2013四川高考书面表达)实际上，不同的学生有不同的学习习惯，我认为这会极大地影响他们的学习效率。（定语从句）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找听英语的机会。（不定式作定语）To learn English well, we should find opportunities .2、李华多么后悔浪费在电脑上的宝贵时间！（定语从句）How Li Hua regretted the valuable time !五、状语状语是用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子一种成分。可以用作状语的有：副词、名词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、独立主格和从句等。With the beautiful moon up in the sky, we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruits, sharing our stories. （2013辽宁高考书面表达）美丽的月亮高挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着月饼和水果，一块分享我们的故事。（with复合结构和现在分词作状语）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、旅行了一周后，他回到了家，感到很累但很高兴。（形容词作状语）After a weeks trip, he returned home, .2、当遇到困难时，他看上去不够坚强，不敢接受挑战。（状语从句的省略句） , he appears weak and dare not meet the challenges. 六、补足语补足语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补充说明主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语；补充说明宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作补足语的有：形容词、名词、不定式、分词和介词短语等。It also helps me better understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect.（2013浙江高考书面表达）它也帮助我更好地理解谚语“熟能生巧”的含义。（不定式作宾语补足语）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、我们将尽全力使我们的国家越来越美丽。（形容词作宾语补足语）Well try our best to make our country .2、因此，不要让你的孩子在温室里成长。（不定式作宾语补足语）Therefore, dont let your children .3、有人再次发现他流浪在城市街头。（分词作主语补足语）He was one again found .七、表语表语与前面的纱动词一起构成复合谓语（系表结构），用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。可以用作表语的有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。 The best way to set up a correct outlook on life is to be aware of ones ability, accept ones reality and adopt a positive attitude to ones dreams. (2013北京高考满分作文)树立正确人生观的最好方式是了解自己的能力、接受现实并采取积极的态度向着梦想前进。（不定式短语作表语）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、我认为好书对学生非常有价值。（介词短语作表语）I think, good books are to students. 2、我们的目的是帮助他们摆脱困境。（不定式短语作表语）Our aim is .八、同位语对句子中的某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。In the meantime, those volunteers hold the opposite view that they are fed up with life and eager for living on the Mars. （2013上海高考书面表达）同时，那些持相反观点的志愿者认为，他们已经厌倦了地球上的生活，渴望到火星居住。（同位语从句）即时演练根据括号内的提示完成句子1、我是李华，一位来自中国的中学生。（名词作同位语）Im Li Hua, .2、我认为，我们应该去帮助他们克服目前的困难。（同位语从句）I hold the opinion .综合演练提升I. 分析下列句子成分1、We saw them playing football on the playground. 2、The meeting held yesterday was important. 3、Dont forget to wake me up at six tomorrow morning. 4、Every day he was forced to work from morning till night. 5、I apologized to her for stepping on her foot. 6、Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week. II按要求完成小作文Dear Mr. Headmaster, Im Li Yue, (高二一班的学生，用名词作同位语)。I am writing to draw your attention to improper behavior, 其中最常见的是随意乱涂（scribble）和乱丢垃圾(litter)，用定语从句。It makes our school （脏乱不堪，用形容词作宾补）and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed (每当我看到这点，用状语从句)。It is not appropriate （对学生来说随意乱涂和乱丢垃圾，用不定式的复合结构作真正主语）。I wonder （是否学校能够放置更多的垃圾箱，用宾语从句）and set up special rules against such behavior. At the same times, students (应该鼓励，用被动语态作谓语)to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become （一个更令人愉快的地方，用名词短语作表语）in the near future. Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully, Li Yue第二节 掌握五种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子，但英语中最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下：主语+谓语（不及物动词）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语一、主语+谓语（不及物动词）该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。Immediately, a crowd gathered around us. （2013浙江高考书面表达）一群人马上围拢在我们的身旁。Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy. (2013江西高考书面表达)淋浴在阳光中，我们高兴得欢呼雀跃。即时演练完成句子1、为了身体健康，我们应该定期锻炼。 In order to keep fit, .2、这里高楼林立、绿树成荫。Here with green trees growing quickly. 二、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语该句式特点为：谓语动词均为实义动词，都是主语发出的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语（宾语可以由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等来充当），即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture. （2013陕西高考书面表达）然后我扫去所有家具上的灰尘。On the other hand, a lot of factories cant employ enough works. (2013广东高考读写任务)另一方面，很多工厂却雇佣不到足够的工人。名师指津该句式的谓语动词要用及物动词。如果是不及物动词，后面一定要跟介词构成及物词组。In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. （2013新课标全国卷|书面表达）在中国，这些中国结代表友谊、爱和好运。即时演练完成句子1、最近几年，我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。Over the years, with each other. 2、当今，许多大城市的人们在抱怨交通拥堵。Nowadays, people in many big cities .三、主语+系动词+表语该句式就是常说的主系表结构。此句型侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样，谓语动词需用系动词（主要是be动词），表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式及分词等。Such a situation is of great concern. （2013福建高考书面表达）这样的情况引起了极大的关注。As a matter of fact, failure isnt so terrible. (2013湖南高考满分作文)实际上，失败并非那么可怕。即时演练完成句子1、总而言之，乡村生活比城市生活对健康更有利。In a word, to health than city life. 2、全世界的环境问题正变得越来越严重。Environmental problems all over the world. 四、主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语该句型中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。We should give them enough respect. （2013广东高考满分作文）我们应该给予他们足够的尊重。At the same time, parents are giving their children too much protection. (2013福建高考满分作文)同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。即时演练完成句子1、格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。 On how to learn English well. 2、幸运的是，她答应了我一个重新面试的机会。Fortunately, to interview. 五、主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语该句型中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way. （2013安徽高考书面表达）我会一直牢记交通规则。Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to spend up to reach our destinations. (2013四川高考满分作文)显而易见，一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。即时演练完成句子1、作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。As a high school student, .2、从古代起，人们就把早起视为好习惯。 Since ancient times. 综合演练提升I判断下列句子所属的类型1. In other words, we are the master of our own future. 2. This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class. 3. A blind man was walking slowly and carefully with a stick in his hand. 4. Should we sacrifice our childrens future for our own interests? 5. Friends made my life full of excitement, imagination and romance. II按要求完成句子1、这种布料摸起来很软。（主语+系动词+表语）This kind of cloth .2、我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。（主语+谓语+宾语）We havent decided .3、奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）Granny told last night. 4、每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）Every morning we hear him .5、早睡早起是个好习惯。（主语+系动词+表语，动名词作主语） Is a good habit. 6、最近10年我的家乡发生了巨大变化。（主语+谓语） In my hometown in the past ten years. 7、你会发现英语是通往如此丰富知识的桥梁。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）You will find to so much knowledge. 8、我真的很感谢你过来帮我补习数学。（主语+谓语+宾语，动名词复合结构作宾语）I really to help me with my math. III（I）用简单句翻译下列各句，并标出所属的基本句式。1、这是我的妈妈。 2、她是一个普通的家庭妇女。 3、刚才她坐在这里。 4、她在看电视。 5、我感到意外。 6、她在哭泣（weep）。 7、什么事可使她高兴？ 8、我给她讲了一个滑稽可笑的故事。 9、她情不自禁地笑了起来。 （II）添加细节和关联词用5个简单句合并短文 第二步|再求变，力争有功（用时1节）第三节并开句和状语从句的写作一、并列句并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。（一）常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系（递进关系）and, both and, not only but also, neither nor转折关系but, yet, whereas选择关系or, otherwise, or else, either or, not but因果关系for, so, therefore, thus对比关系while First, my English is very good and Im open-minded and warm-hearted, so Im getting along well with everyone. （2013天津高考满分作文）首先，我的英语很好，而且我性格外向、有一副热心肠，因此我和每个人都相处得很好。即时演练用并列连词完成句子1、People can give them as gifts hang them in their houses. (2013新课标全国卷II书面表达)2、它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且能让我们在学习之余得到放松。It gave us a chance to get close to nature. Gave us relaxation form our study. （2013江西高考满分作文）3、因此，从现在起，让我们不要在一些不重要的事情上浪费时间，而要经常与我们的父母进行面对面的交流。So, from now on, lets waste our time on unimportant things have a heart-to-heart chat with our parents once in a while. (2013重庆高考满分作文)（二）并列连词构成的常用句式（1）and构成的句式祈使句+and+陈述句（祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句）。Work hard and you will succeed. (=If you work hard, you will succeed.)努力学习，你就会成功。名词词组+and+陈述句（名词词组相当于一个条件状语从句，其中常含有more, another等词）。Another try, and youll make a success. 再试一次，你就会取得成功。（2）or(else)/otherwise构成的句式祈使句+or(else)/otherwise+陈述句。Seize the chance, or(else) youll regret. 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。名词词组+or(else)/otherwise+陈述句。More healthy food, or youll break down sooner or later. 多吃健康食品，不然你的身体迟早会垮掉。（3）when构成的句式sb. Was doing sth. When 某人正在做某事，这时Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.(2013浙江高考满分作文)上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。sb. Was about to do sth. When 某人正要做某事，这时We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，突然下起雨来了。sb. had just done sth. when 某人刚做完某事，这时I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang. 我刚刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。即时演练用适当的连词填空1. Stand over there youll be able to see the oil painting better. 2. Start out right away, youll miss the first train. 3. I worked hard at English and devoted all my spare time to practicing it, I failed to pass the mid-term examination. 4. About 9:00 last night, I was busy preparing for my tomorrows test suddenly loud noises into my room. 5. Half of the girls choose film and TV stars as their idols, 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 6. can students improve their writing ability in this way they can strengthen their self-confidence. 二、状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句的运用是高考英语高分作文的必需条件，所以必须学会并熟练运用状语从句。引导状语从句的连词分类状语从句连词时间when, whenever, as, while, (ever)since, before, after, till, until, as soon as, hardlywhen, no sooner than, scarcely when, each time, every time, the first time, the last time, the moment, the minute, the second, the day, immediately地点where, wherever条件if, unless, providing/provided(that), supposing/suppose(that), given(that), as long as, so long as, on condition (that), in case, if only原因because, as, since, now, that, seeing that, considering that, in that让步though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter + 疑问词，whether ()or, whether or not比较as, than, the same as, not so as, as as 方式as if, as though, as 目的that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear (that), lest结果so that, so that, such that, that I went on with my work until I finished washing all the clothes. (2013陕西高考满分作文)我会继续工作，直到把所有的衣服洗完。Ever since my friend Xiaohua entered high school two years ago, his mother has been pushing him hard in his studies. (2013湖北高考满分作文)自从我的朋友小华两年前进入高中，他的妈妈一直在学习上给他施加了很大的压力。Whenever he didnt perform well in his studies, she would blame him bitterly, expressing her disappointment in him. （2013湖北高考满分作文）每当他在学习时做得不好，她总会训斥他，表达对他的失望。 As I was busy preparing for my final exam, I didnt reply to your email as soon as I received it. (2013山东高考满分作文)因为我正忙着准备期末考试，我没有一收到信就给你回信。Although cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job, it contributes to the society. (2013广东高考满分作文)尽管清扫大街只是一个非常普通的工作，但对社会做出了贡献。Whatever the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have tried our best. (2013湖南高考满分作文)无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。即时演练用状语从句完成句子1、当我还是个小孩的时候，就对未来充满了幻想。 , I had many fancy dreams about the future. 2、他们向东走了30英里才看见一个村庄。They walked about 30 miles .3、尽管因特网有很大帮助，但我认为花太多的时间在上面不是好主意。 , I dont think its a good idea to spend to