听力应试技巧与策略.doc

听力应试技巧与策略【高考英语听力考试的测试点】 1、理解对话的主旨大意 2、获取对话中具体信息 为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、年代、价钱等，这些信息对理解对话，把握对话主旨是不可缺少的内容，且在试题中占相当大的比例。这类题要求学生在听清，听懂信息的同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理。有的也需要考生进行简单的计算。 3、推断对话发生的背景、地点及对话者之间的关系。对对话背景、地点、对话者之间关系的理解程度，体现了一个人对口语的理解能力。 4、理解领会对话的观点、态度及意图 这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。 【培养良好的听力习惯，掌握正确的答题技巧】 多听是提高听力的前题，但如何去听，如何获得准确的信息，则就不是多听听能解决的问题了。多听是增强语感，提高听力之本，若再加上正确的听力方法，掌握必要的技巧及对策，则可获得事半功倍的效果。 1. 带着问题听录音，听前尽量预读，理解对话的主旨大意 在听每份录音材料之前和之后都会留出大约5到10秒钟的时间作准备，考生应该尽可能地利用这点时间快速浏览试题。通过浏览题干及其选项就能做到心中有数，如果能以选项透露的内容为线索，推断对话或讲话的话题及可能要涉及的内容，到听录音时针对性和目的性就强多了，听起来也就主动多了，不必要的干扰也容易排除掉。如： Who is Chris Paine? A. A computer engineer. B. A book seller. C. A writer. 此听力的原文为： W: Id like to read Chris Paine. M: So do I. I hear he writes on his computer, and his new book will come out next week. W: Great! Ive got to get one as soon as it is out.解析：本题是一位女子和一位男子在谈论喜欢读Chris Paine的作品的情况，其中的he writes on his computer是这位男子谈话的关键，因此，考生若对此进行归纳判断就会马上明白此谈话的主旨大意，选出答案C。预读就是指在听前要尽量预读试题及所给选项。这样做有以下好处：1、做到“先入为主”，有助于你快速进入状态和对听力材料的理解； 2、做到“有的放矢”，提高听的针对性。例如： 例1：What is the womans telephone number? A. 6887456 B. 6687456 C. 6687356 D. 6887356 M: Hello. Is that 6687456? W: Sorry, youve got the wrong number. This is 6687356.通过预读，我们可知本题考查的是关于电话号码方面的知识，但电话号码数字较多，全部听清也并非易事。若听前预读一下四个选项，就不难发现：四个号码的第一、四位和最后两位数字是相同的，故应从其它三位位数字突破，这样，听的针对性就高得多了，难度自然也就减小了。要做到预读，就必须抓紧一切空档时间：发卷后到听力开始前的时间、前一道题答完后一道题开始前的时间、录音中播放试题要求的时间(常见的听力试题的要求大家已经很熟悉了，还需要听吗?当然，新题型例外。2注意人物身份 无论是在讲话还是在对话中，人物的身份相当重要。对话通常有一男声和一女声，他们是同学还是朋友，是兄妹还是夫妻，是老板和雇工还是店主和顾客，是大夫和病人还是司机和顾客?这些都要尽快搞清楚。要会区别两人的不同声音，听准他们相互的称呼。如果对英语中那些男女分别常用的名字比较熟悉，对辨别人物身份也很有帮助。如果他们在对话中提到别的人，那就更要留心。测试的内容很有可能就和提到的这个人物有关。如： Who are the two speakers? A. A passer-by and a policeman. B. A passer-by and a driver. C. A passenger and a taxi-driver. 此听力的原文为： W: Excuse me, but I think you made a wrong turn. You were supposed to turn left on Wilson Boulevard . M: Oh. Im sorry. Didnt you say 1323 Wilson? W: No, 3023. Its OK, though. You dont have to take me there. I can walk from here. M: Why dont I just make a U-turn at the corner? W: No, you shouldnt make a U-turn there. Its a one way street. See the sign up ahead. M: Well, maybe if I turn left here, I can come down the next street. W: You cant do that either during rush hour. Really though, dont go to any trouble. Sometimes one can wait 30 minutes for a taxi. So Im happy to get this close. M: 30 minutes! Ive been riding around all day for passengers. 解析：从女士所说的话“Sometimes one can wait 30 minutes for a taxi.”可以找出答案为C。3注意主要事件的时间、地点 在听录音材料时，要注意所提到的事情发生的时间和地点。英语表示时间和地点的词语在句中常用作状语，在句子里不是在最后就是在最前面。如果在前面，那就是有意强调，就更需留心。英语句中谓语动词的时态和动作发生的时间也有很大关系，也要给予注意。很多测试题都与时间、地点密切相关，所以听准时间和地点是收听事件叙述的一个重点。如： Where did this conversation most probably take place? A. At a concert. B. At a flower shop. C. At a restaurant. 此听力的原文为： M: The music and flowers are lovely. W: Yes, I hope the food is good, too. 解析：从女士所说的话“I hope the food is good, too.” 可以推出答案为C。4速记速算，快速捕捉信息 听录音时要尽快地把捕捉到的信息记录下来，可使用一些简单的字母、符号来代替自己心目中的人物、时间、地点或事件。听到的关键词语要及时记录，尤其是听到数字时，更要快速记下。听到不同的数字时，要分别按顺序记，不要前后混淆。有的题目还要求进行一些简单的运算，更应把有关数字记准，并进行快速计算，马上就得出答数来。要避免在数字和运算上耽误过多时间。如： At what time does the train to Leeds leave? A.3:00 B.3:15 C.5:00 此听力的原文为： W: Excuse me, could you tell me when the next train to Manchester is? M: Sure. Well, its 3 now. The next train to Manchester leaves in 2 hours. But you can take trains to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes, and then get off at Manchester because it stops in Manchester on the way.解析：从男士所说的话“Well, its 3 now.”和“ But you can take trains to Leeds which leaves in 15 minutes,”可计算出答案为B.3:15。5注意对话中的“言外之意” 有时对话人双方，并不是坦率地直截了当申明自己的态度，而是口气很委婉地间接从侧面表示出来。要善于理解他们这种含蓄的表示方法，也就是要领会他们的言外之意。最常见的例子是含有转折意义的连词but的句子，这时特别要注意but后面的句子的意思，那才是说话者的真实意图，而but前面的句子意思往往不是多么重要，大多是一些出于礼貌的客套话。如：What did the man do last night? A. He watched television with his friend. B. He stayed at home talking with his friend. C. He went to see a film with his friend. 此听力的原文为： W: Did you see last night film on Channel 4? M: Well, I meant to see it, but a friend of mine came to see me. We had a nice long talk about our school days. 解析：从男士的回答可以推断出答案为B。 通常情况下，言外之意题型中的第一说话人所言是一个标准的一般疑问句，即一个可用Yes或No来回答的问句，第二说话人的答话给人一种答非所问的感觉。也就是说对话双方所言风马牛不相及，使考生很难快速地将两者相联系、领会对话的真正含义，所以造成失分。常见的提问形式有: What does the woman mean?/ Whats the woman going to do?例如: Whats the woman going to do? A. Collect papers for the man. B. Do the typing once again. C. Check the paper for typing errors. 此听力的原文为： M: Are you sure you have corrected all the typing errors in this paper ? W: Perhaps，Id better read it through.由上不难看出，第一句话是一个标准的一般疑问句，即一个可用Yes或No来回答的句子，意为“你肯定这篇论文的打字错误全都改正了吗?”，第二句答:“也许，我还是从头到尾再读一遍吧”。通读的目的是核查一下是否还有错误需要改正。所以，选项C与题意相符，是正确答案。选项A中的collect与对话中的correct发音相近，为听音干扰项。再如： What does the man mean?A. He will meet his boss. B. He will have to work late. C. He wont work late.听力原文：W: Do you think your boss will expect you to work late again tonight?M: Does the sun rise in the west?解析：M用一个反问句回答了W的提问。正确答案是B。6注意说话者的意图、观点和态度 在听独白时特别要注意读独白的主旨要义，弄清说话人的意图，分析他的态度和感情:是赞成还是反对，是喜欢还是憎恨，是担心还是释然，是乐观还是悲观。一般来说，独白的主题句都在开头，但个别的也会在中间或末尾。要善于把它们找出来，然后再处理其他材料就容易多了。如： Which of the following words best describes the day the speaker had ? A. Exciting B. Unlucky C. Tiring 此听力的原文为 What happened to me that day is just unbelievable. The first thing to go wrong was that all the parking spaces were taken. So I had to park on the grass and hoped that I would not get a parking ticket. When I got to the Admissions Office, there was already a long line of students waiting. By the time it was my turn, two of the courses I needed were filled, and I had to go back to my adviser and make out a whole new time table. Although I did sign up for all my courses, I missed lunch. The next thing to go wrong was that the bookstore had sold out one of the textbooks required. As I was leaving, I wondered what else could possibly happen. Then I saw a policeman standing beside my car and writing out a ticket. 整篇文章都在讲述说话者一天所遭遇的不顺利的事情，因此，可以推断出答案为B。 这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。又如： What is the mans problem? A. He cant decide how to go. B. He cant drive himself. C. He doesnt like traveling by train. 此听力的原文为 W: So youll go to the Smiths again this weekend? M: Yes, but I cant make up my mind whether to go by road or rail. The trains generally less an effort but its a terrible walk from the nearest station to the village. 解析：从男士的回答可以推断出答案为A。7注意否定和虚拟语气否定和虚拟语气是听力中的难点。句子是肯定还是否定? 如果是否定，是部分否定还是全部否定? 如果没听准，理解起来就会有很大出入。如： What can we learn from the dialogue? A. The man didnt want the woman to have her hair cut. B. The woman followed the mans advice. C. The woman is wearing long hair now. 此听力的原文为： W: I w