博士入学考试英语中常见的翻译词汇.doc

分类词汇homogeneous 同质的 homo + gene +ous( heterogeneous) homo*ual, hetero*ual mainstream 主流主流的 dialect 方言 (v.s. accent) discrepancy 差异 misconception 误解 (mis + concept + ion)= misunderstanding barrier 障碍(物) bar,= barricade discrimination 区别，歧视racial/*ual discrimination? discriminate (+against) hierarchy 等级制度heir + arch(govern) + y insularity 岛国性质 (? insular, island)British industry has often been criticized for its linguistic insularity. microcosm 小天地 micro + cosm(os) nostalgia = homesickness patriot 爱国者( traitor) patriotic, patriotism notoriety 恶名(? notorious) counterpart 对应人，对等物Whos George Bushs counterpart in China? counterculture, counterbalance peer 同等的人凝视，窥视( peep) subordinate 下级下级的 superior tactics 战术，技巧v.s. strategy (战略，策略)marketing strategy v.s. selling tactics nuance a subtle difference in meaning compatriot 同胞同胞的com + patriot vernacular 本地的，本国的本地话，本国话the vernacular languages of India Hispanic An American whose first language was Spanish immigration 移入 immigrant, immigratev.s. emigration( emigrant, emigrate) antipodes Any two places or regions on diametrically opposite sides of the Earth“from North America to the Antipodes” permeate 渗透，弥漫Smoke permeated the house. entrepreneur 企业家( enterprise) entrepreneurship practitioner 开业者，从业者praction(practice) + er celebrity a famous person= luminary, VIP proxy 代理人 anecdote 轶事 ( anecdotal) benchmarking 类比分析 punctual 准时的，守时的 ( punctuality) absenteeism 旷工absent absentee absenteeism flextime 弹性工作时间flex(flexible) + time harass 骚扰 ( harassment)Mary said that Gary had *ually harassed her. redundancy 冗余，冗员network redundancy downsize 裁员( lay off) ballot 投票 (= vote) impartial 不偏不倚的 ( partial) lobby 大堂(n.)游说(v.) dubbing 配音录制 vogue 时尚 chic bizarre 奇异的v.s. weird (怪异的) mediocre 平庸的 dietitian 饮食学家( diet) connoisseur 行家，鉴赏家 entre, a la carte shortlist (BE) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen (v.) equilibrium 平衡，均衡 questionnaire 调查表，问卷 quantitative 定量的( qualitative) contingency 偶然性，偶然事件 incur 招致incur debts/hatred/dangerv.s. occur, concur, recur ethical 伦理的，符合伦理的 ethics, unethical dubious 疑惑的，可疑的 ( doubt)People were dubious about the result. manifestation 显示，证明 (? manifest) subtitle 字幕，副标题 (sub + title) subsidiary, submarine, subway (BE: underground, tube), suburb( downtown, uptown, outskirts考博英语翻译中可能涉及的热点词汇总裁助理assistantpresident综合治理comprehensivetreatment安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentrationofbrainpower;knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-fundedenterprises下岗职工laid-offworkers分流repositionofredundantpersonnel三角债chaindebts素质教育educationforall-rounddevelopment豆腐渣工程jerry-builtprojects社会治安情况law-and-ordersituation民族国家nationstate台独independenceofTaiwan台湾当局Taiwanauthorities台湾同胞Taiwancompatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。TaiwanisaninalienablepartoftheChineseterritory.西部大开发DevelopmentoftheWestRegions可持续性发展sustainabledevelopment风险投资riskinvestment通货紧缩deflation扩大内需toexpanddomesticdemand计算机辅助教学computer-assistedinstruction(CAI)网络空间cyberspace虚拟现实virtualreality网民netizen(netcitizen)电脑犯罪computercrime电子商务thee-business网上购物shoppingonline应试教育exam-orientededucation学生减负toreducestudyload下岗laid-offworkers下海plungeintothecommercialsea下网offline小康之家well-offfamily;comfortably-offfamily新秀up-and-comingstar,risingstar新新人类NewHumanBeing；XGeneration信息港infoport形象小姐/先生imagerepresentativeofaproductorabrand虚拟网virtualnet学生处studentsaffairsdivision研究生毕业证/学位证graduatediploma/graudatedegreesdiploma摇钱树cashcow以人为本peopleoriented;peopleforemost义务教育compulsoryeducation易拉罐popcan应试教育examination-orientededucationsystem舆论导向directionofpublicopinion运球dribble在职博士生on-jobdoctorate早恋puppylove招生就业指导办公室enrolmentandvocationguidanceoffice证券营业部stockexchange;securityexchange知识产权intellectualpropertyrights中专生secondaryspecializedortechnicalschoolstudent中流砥柱mainstay,chiefcornerstone专卖店exclusiveagency;franchisedstore自我保护意识self-protectionawareness综合国力comprehensivenationalstrength综合业务数字网integratedservicedigitalnetwork(ISDN)公正、公平、公开just,fairandopen好莱坞大片Hollywoodblockbuster黄金时段primetime假唱lip-synch劲射powershot拉拉队cheeringsquad来电显示电话机callerIDtelephone论文答辩(thesis)oraldefense泡沫经济bubbleeconomy票贩子scalper,tickettout拳头产品competitiveproducts;knock-outproducts;blockbuster三角恋爱lovetriangle三维动画片three-dimensionalanimation扫黄、打非eliminatepornographyandillegalpublications申办奥运会bidfortheOlympicGames实现中华民伟大复兴bringaboutagreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation市场疲软sluggishmarket素质教育educationforall-arounddevelopment筒子楼：tube-shapedapartment脱贫致富cast(shake,throw)offpovertyandsetoutonaroadtoprosperity网吧Internetbar网恋onlineloveaffair网上冲浪surftheInternet网上交易平台onlinetradingplatform网友netfriend无人售票self-serviceticketing无绳来电显示电话cordlesstelephonewithcallerID无线应用协议WAP（wirelessapplicationprotocol）附录: 英语翻译与写作常用动宾词组一、政治类：把捐给慈善机构 donate to charities 把看成社会公敌 look upon as a threat to society把列为基本国策 list.as fundamental national policies把作为指导 take as the guide 把理论和实际结合起来 integrate theory with practice 把握大局 grasp the overall situation 摆脱贫穷落后 get rid of poverty and backwardness 保护妇女权利不受侵犯 guarantee (protect) womens rights against infringement 采取各种措施 adopt various measures参政、议政 participate in the management of State affairs 充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength 打破僵局 break the deadlock 打破禁区 break off a forbidden zone得出结论 draw ( arrive at, come to reach ) a conclusion 锻造一支人民军队 forge a peoples army对具有深远的影响 have a far-reaching impact on对做出重要(巨大)贡献 make important (great, major )contributions to反对各种形式的恐怖主义 be opposed to all forms of terrorism反腐倡廉 combat corruption and build a clean government 高举伟大旗帜 hold high the great banner 给带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challenges to根除 (防止,消除)腐败 root out (prevent, eliminate) corruption观察当今世界 observe the present-day world 缓和紧张状况 ease the tension回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle 加快改革步伐 accelerate the speed of reform加强舆论监督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 坚持改革开放政策 adhere to the reform and open policy 坚持统一，反对分裂，增加 persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase 了解，化解歧见 understanding and iron out differences 减轻农民负担 alleviate farmers burden解放思想 emancipate our minds解决温饱问题 solve the problem of food and clothing 解决新问题 resolve new problems进入世界先进行列 edge into the advanced ranks in the world 进入新时期 enter a new period 进行和谈 hold peace talks 进行战略性调整 make strategic readjustment 就接受妥协 accept a compromise on 开发西部 remake the west开始生效 go into effect (enter into force) 开拓前进 open up new ways forward 科教兴国 rejuvenate our country through science and education理顺关系 rationalize the relationship履行权利和义务 perform the responsibilities and obligations 迈出重要的一步 make an important step热爱和平 love peace 深化改革 deepen the reform 审时度势 size up the situation 实现发展繁荣 bring about development and prosperity 实现民族独立 realize national independence实现夙愿 fulfill the long-cherished wishes实现小康目标 achieve the goal of ensuring our people a relative comfortable life 实现中华民族伟大复兴 bring about a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 实行新政策 practice new policies受到全世界广泛关注 attract extensive attention worldwide 缩小差别 bridge (narrow) the gap完成中华民族的振兴大业 implement the revitalization of our nation维护世界和平 maintain world peace 吸收各国文明的先进成果 absorb what is advanced in other civilizations下放权力给 delegate the management of . (to .) production (commercialize laboratory achievements) 退还大量钱款 give back an amount of money脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity 完善服务 perfect services为带来多种经济和社会效益bring multiple economic and social benefits to为提供巨大商机 present huge business opportunities 吸收游资 absorb idle fund吸引外商投资 attract foreign investment 下海 plunge into the commercial sea 陷入困境 land oneself in deep trouble 向投资巨额资金 invest huge amounts of money into 消灭假冒伪劣产品 wipe out fake products 以经济建设为中心 focus on the central task of economic construction 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of equality 优胜劣汰 select the superior and eliminate the inferior优先发展公共运输 give priority to the development of public transportation 有巨大潜力 have huge potential for 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market 在建立分公司 set up branches in造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on 造成损失 cause a loss to增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market招商引资 attract (bid for, invite) investments (from overseas) 制订法律 make a law of制定优惠政策 work out favorable policy制造假象 create smoke screens to do 阻碍的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development阻止人才流失 stop the talent flight (brain drain)遵循市场经济的规律 follow the law of market economy 三、文化生活类把列为世界自然文化遗产 list as a world natural heritage site摆架子(摆谱儿) put on airs (show off, keep up appearances)保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage (relics)博采各国文化之长 draw on strong point of the cultures of other countries不注重历史 neglect history 采取保护态度 take protective attitude承担应有的义务 undertake the due obligations承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future, inherit the past and usher in the future充分发挥知识分子的积极性give full play to the initiative and creativity of intellectuals 和创造性 触击现行法律的盲区 touch a blank area of the existing law创建卫生城市 build a nationally advanced clean city 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new (ring out the old year and ring in the new) 从事电子商务工作 conduct e-commerce 促进儿童身心健康发展 promote the healthy development of children both physicallyand mentally促进交流 promote the communication促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets for culturalproducts促进相互了解 enhance (further) mutual understanding得到群众的广泛支持 enjoy grass-root support 抵住的诱惑 resist the temptation of 对持欢迎态度 take a welcoming attitude to对情有独钟 show special preference (favor) to 发挥的聪明才智 develop ones own talents and wisdom发挥潜力 tap ones potential繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish promote flourishingliterature and art反映中国的灿烂文化 reflect the rich culture of China放下架子 relinquish haughty airs (get off ones high horse, throw off ones airs) 腐蚀人的灵魂 poison ones mind 改进教学 improve teaching and learning给学生减负 alleviate the burden on students 和持相同观点 share views similar to互派访问学者 exchange visiting scholars激发旅游热情 stimulate enthusiasm for traveling继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed from history carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishments讲诚信，反欺诈 honor credibility and oppose cheating 交换意见 exchange views (ideas, opinions)教书育人 impart knowledge and educate people 经受住暴风雨的考验 weather the storm 精心编写教材 compile the textbooks with great care净化因特网 purify the Net 举办文化节(展览会) hold (conduct, give) cultural festivals (an exhibition)举行学术会议 hold an academic meeting 开创假日经济 initiate Holiday Economy开发潜力 exploit ones potential 开阔视野 widen ones vision (horizon) 开设课程 offer courses开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture攀登事业的高峰 climb ones career ladder评估学业成绩 evaluate academic scores (achievements)破除迷信 eradicate superstition 普及九年制义务教育 make nine-year compulsory education universal 普及科普知识，传播科学 popularize scientific and technological knowledge, spread 思想，倡导科学精神 scientific thought and advocate the scientific spirit 启发学生 enlighten the students容纳三千名旅客 accommodate 3000 passengers扫除文盲 eliminate (wipe out) illiteracy 上网 get on (have access to, be wired to) Internet实施以德育为核心、以创新 carry on the quality education centering on moral education挑选选手 choose players同教练反应一致 share the same reaction with their coach为奥林匹克运动做出贡献 make contribution to the Olympics movement and world peace卫冕世界冠军 regain world champion 吸引中国大学生优秀选手 attract Chinas top university players向世界顶级球队学习 learn from the worlds top teams与对手较量 take on an opponent与强队竞争 compete with strong teams增进友谊 strengthen friendship 展示技能 demonstrate their skills展示中国足球的最新发展 demonstrate (show) the latest development of Chinas soccer支持北京申办2008年奥运会 support Beijings bid for the 2008 Olympic Games主办奥运会 host the Olympic Games主办中国大学生篮球联赛 sponsor the China University Basketball Association league抓住练习和学习的机会 grasp the chance to practise and learn响应号召 respond to the call修改法律 amend the laws宣布召开 announce the opening of徇私枉法 bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends 依法治国 govern the country according to law引起全国的关注 arouse the concern of t