托福阅读中的信息类修辞题解析.docx

智课网TOEFL备考资料托福阅读中的信息类修辞题解析（1） 摘要： 其实修辞目的题是最难的题，为什么呢？因为修辞目的题它考察的是作者的写作思路，而这个最能看出来有没有英文思维，也就是咱们同学们有没有英文的思维方式。 修辞目的题主要两种，第一种是信息类，作者为什么提到这个信息，why什么什么信息，这个信息是什么呢？有可能是一个词，一句话，或者是一部分，一句话的一部分。同学们一定要注意，如果它引用的信息是完整的一句话，基本上里就直接看它前面的观点，观点在哪里啊，要么在引用的这句话的前面，如果前面这句话还是例子继续向前找观点。如果还找不到直接看段首，这一段的段首，但是一般不会这么变态。 咱们接下来看第二种情况，这种比较难。如果引号，也就是说引用的信息不完整的话，咱们一定要读完整这句话，然后从这句话里面本身找逻辑关系，。然后一般情况下都能找到答案，如果没有答案的话直接去它的前面读观点就可以。 接下来咱们看一个例题 Why does the author mention “comedy”？ To give an example of early types of theater To explain how theater helps a society respond to threats to its welfare To help explain why detachment is needed for the development of theater To show how theatrical performers become detached from other members of society Paragraph 6： But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater. Therefore， additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems. For example， one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision， since comedy requires sufficient detachment to view some deviations from social norms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group. Another condition that contributes to the development of autonomous theater is the em 这个例题它问作者为什么提到了comedy，我用黑色下滑线已经标上了comedy，作者为什么提到comedy？这句话它完整吗？这句话不完整对不对，所以咱们要先看完整的这句话。这句话是什么啊？for example，所以它是一个例子，它肯定指的是前面的观点，前面的观点讲的是什么啊？咱们看到了detached view很好，看前面。所以看一下选项，一种情况是有点剥离出来，看待人类的问题。所以咱看一下选项，哪一个和detached view有关，咱们就直接选那个选项就OK。很显然A举例子，respond没有，C detachment这里出现了detachment对吧。 对啊，就是看这一整句话，因为这一整句话里面不是有一个for example吗，说明了整句话是个例子，所以去前面看了。来看一下选项，A给了一个例子，不对吧。来看一下B，解释怎样帮助他，没有吧。来看一下C，C是说如何解释，这个detachment是需要的，非常好，这个原文跟原文的detached view是一样的。看D，这也有，它是如何和其他人detach的，不一样吧。非常好，所以这个其实D是混淆选项，它也有detachment，但它和原文的是不一致的。接下来我们来看一下，有些同学觉得这个方法貌似很牛掰，其实就是说如果你词汇不认识的时候，你只能通过其他的方式来作题，如果你词汇认识的话可以通过语义来作。 来看下一个， The author discusses phonograph parlors in paragraph 2 in order to explain Edisons financial success describe the model used to design Kinetoscope parlors contrast their popularity to that of Kinetoscope parlors illustrate how much more technologically advanced Kinetoscope parlors were Paragraph 2： These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors， which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors， customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes， moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1，000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology， reasoning that if he made and sold projectors， then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. 题目问的是为什么提到PP，PP是留声机，问为什么提供PP，这句话完整吗？看这一整句话出现PP的两个地方，第一话出现了were modeled on，ka is modeled on，也就是以它为模范。以谁为摹本是不是两种东西很相象啊，这也是一种比较关系，其实文本的第六行还是出现过functioned in a similar way，出现了比较，所以选项中一定会有比较。来看一下，看一下PPT。A explain，B describe the model描述这个模型用来设计KP的，是不是它俩之间的比较啊。C contrast to，C是对比，对比就是说这两个东西是不一样的。 接下来我们来看下一题。 4. The author includes the information that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading in order to support the claim that the mode of production made possible by the craft guilds w very good for trade contrast the economic base of the city government with that of the tribal confederacies provide a reason why the government allowed the guilds to be self-controlled suggest that the government was missing out on a valuable opportunity to tax the guilds Paragraph 3： This mode of craft production favored the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city. These were essentially professional associations that provided for the mutual aid and protection of their members， and allowed for the maintenance of professional standards. The growth of independent guilds was furthered by the fact that surplus was not a result of domestic craft production but resulted primarily from international trading； the government left working people to govern themselves， much as shepherds of tribal confederacies were left alone by their leaders. 下一题它问作者为什么提到了画线的句子，这一句话是不是特别长啊，而且不完整，所以我们应该怎么办？不完整的时候看完整这句话，这句话前面有一个是什么啊？be furthered by the fact，由这个事实所促进的，这是什么，我之前的文章中讲过这是隐性因果关系里的be furthered by the fact。所以我们只要选项中找一个含有因果关系的就可以，来我们来看一下A、B、C。A没有因果，没有。B contrast是一个对比。C reason对不对，虽然原句说实话咱们也没看出是什么意思，但是原文中be furthered by the fact这是表示因果关系的意思，所以选项中一定会有因果关系，只有C有个reason，所以就OK了。 为什么是因果有些同学问，be furthered by the fact它其实是什么呢？就是我之前讲过一个公开课，有三种隐性的因果关系。第一种是来自类，第二类是be furthered by，就是由什么什么所促进的，也就是隐性的因果关系，所以这里面有一个因果关系，所以就找一个reason。 咱们接下来看最后一道