sufficientadequateenough等的区别.doc

sufficient， adequate， enough等的区别enough,sufficient,adequate这三个词都表示“足够的”或“充分的”。其中只有enough可以用作副词或名词，含义仍为“足够的”。enough和sufficient在含义上几乎没有差异，只是enough的用法较多，这两个词都表示“完全满足需要，而且既不多余，也不缺少”。adequate虽然也表示“足够的”、“充分的”，但是和另二词之间有着比较明显的细微差异，因为这个词的内涵是：对于必不可少的东西在数量上应当是合理的、公平的或不苛刻的。Five men will be quite enough (or sufficient).这句话说的是：5个人就十分充足了， 再多给一个人就没有必要了His wages are adequate to support three people. 这句话说的是：他的工资够养活3个人的。即这些钱养活3个人够得上一般生活水平，并不苛刻。可见其差异非常细微。词义差别越细微，表意越准确。例如：“我为他干了3小时的活，他付给我20英镑。我觉得那20英镑的工钱是足够了的”。这两句话在英译时，其中的“足够的”必须用adequate，因为这里说的“足够”包含了“公平、合理”的意思。故这两句可译为：I worked for him three hours, and he paid me 20 pounds. I think the 20 pounds are adequate for my work. 此外， 应注意下面例句中enough的各种用法I like to be a professional singer, but I dont think I have a good enough voice.我想当个职业歌唱家，但是我觉得我的嗓子不够好。A day may begin well enough, but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.一天的开端可能好得很，但突然一切似乎都失去了控制。The currents of air that the walls of the ship direct upwards, as well as in line of its course are enough to give the great bird with its immense wings sufficent sustenance and progress.沿着船壁向上引导的以及与航行方向一致的气流足以给这种长有特大翅膀的大鸟以充分的支撑力和前进力。Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock repaired.我们的牧师老是为这事或那事筹募款项，但是从来也没能募集到足够把教堂大钟修复起来的钱。The problem set for society is not the virtues of the type so much as its adequacy for its function, and here grave difficulties arise. He refuses to consider sufficiently the wants of the customer, who must buy, not the thing he desires but the thing the English Gentleman wants to sell. He attends inadequately to technological development.向社会提出的问题，与其说是这号人的德行问题，毋宁说是他们是否能胜任其职责的问题，于是便出现了严重的困难。他们不肯充分考虑顾客的需要， 顾客不得不买的不是自己想要买的东西，而是英国绅士所要卖的。他们对技术的发展并不给予充分的注意。The majority of the patients attending the medical outpatients departments of our hospitals feel that they have not received adequate treatment unless they are able to carry home with them some tangible remedy in the shape of a bottle of medicine, a box of pills, or a small jar of ointment,在医院门诊部就医的大多数病人认为，如果他们不能带一些实实在在的药物，如一瓶药水、一盒药丸、一小瓶药膏回家的话，他们就没得到充分的治疗adequate表示在数量或质量上足以满足特定的标准,强调刚好够用,没有多余.如:He doesnt earn a large salary but it is adequate for his needs.他挣钱不多,但也够用了 abundant含义为quite enough充余,绰绰有余,指数量非常多或充足有余.如:We save abundant proof of his guilt.我们有他犯罪的充分证据.enough有时可与adequate互换,但仅用来表示数量和程度,不表示质量.作定语时,可置于名词的前或后.如:We have enough food for everybody.我们有足够的食物供大家吃.sufficient指为特定的目的和需要提供足够的数量,多见于正式书面语中,修饰名词时只能置于该名词之前.例如:He has sufficient proficiency to read Shakespeare in the original.他有足够的水平阅读莎士比亚的原著. (有能力的；合格的)abundant 大量的有点富裕了的意思 ample， business上用得比较多，有褒义，例如：ample sources of funding plenty 有足够的意思plentiful，abundant，copious，ample都含“丰富的”意思。plentiful 指“大量的、丰富的”；abundant指“丰富的、充裕的”，语气比plentiful强，数量比plentiful多；copious指“富饶的”，语气比abundant强；ample指“充分的、足以满足需要的 【分别解释】1.sufficientadj.形容词（1）充分的, 足够的充足的：满足需要的（2）Archaic Competent; qualified.古语有能力的；合格的例句：be sufficient for sb.s needs足够满足某人的需要have not sufficient courage for it没有做这事的充分勇气Not sufficient !存款不足(略 N/S)。The pension is not sufficient for living expenses.这年金不够应付生活费用。2.adequate足够的adj. 形容词（1）Sufficient to satisfy a requirement or meet a need.恰当的, 可以胜任的I hope you will prove adequate to the job.我希望你证明能胜位这项工作。The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求。（2）Barely satisfactory or sufficient 让人满意的, 尚可的，差强人意的：不很令人满意的或勉强够的：The skaters technique was only adequate.滑冰者的技术只能说是差强人意3.enoughadj.形容词修饰名词时, 放在名词前后均可 Sufficient to meet a need or satisfy a desire; adequate充足的：足以满足需要或愿望的；充足的：There is enough food food enough for everybody.有足够的食物供大家吃。We enough work to keep us all busy.足够多的让我们大家全都忙碌的工作n.足够, 充分I have had enough of your impudence.对于你的无礼, 我已经受够了。E-has been said on this subject.关于这个问题说得已经够多了。pron.（代词）An adequate number or quantity:数目足够，数量充足“The Gods above should give,/They have enough and we do poorly live”(Henry David Thoreau)“天上的神祉应该赐予/因他们富足而我们却贫苦度日”(亨利戴维索罗)adv.（副词）（1）To a satisfactory amount or degree; sufficiently足够地，充分地：I am warm enough.我够暖和了。The meat is not cooked enough.这肉未烧到火候。Is the fish cooked enough?鱼做的火候够吗? （2）Very; fully; quite用于被修饰语之后很；十分；充分地，数量或程度上令人满意地：We were glad enough to leave.我们很高兴离开He was fool enough to agree.他同意了, 真够傻的。He didnt run fast enough to catch the train.他跑得不够快, 没赶上火车。（2）Tolerably; rather:尚可；相当：She sang well enough, but the show was a failure.她演唱得算好的了，但演出却是个失败interj.（感叹词）Used to express impatience or exasperation:用以表达不耐烦或恼怒：Youve been practicing the violin all afternoon. Enough!你整个下午都在练小提琴。够了！【习惯用语】be good enough to do sth.劳驾, 务请做某事(Be good kind enough to reply early. 请早日赐复)be kind enough to do sth.劳驾, 务请做某事(Be good kind enough to reply early. 请早日赐复)be old enough to已经是.年龄了Cry“enough” ! 快认输服输吧 !cannot. enough无论怎样.都不够(I cannot thank you enough. 感恩不尽。)curiously enough用作插入语说也奇怪, 最奇怪的是oddly enough用作插入语说也奇怪, 最奇怪的是strangely enough用作插入语说也奇怪, 最奇怪的是have enough of(对某人或某事)感到厌烦have enough to do好容易才, 很吃力more than enough太多, 够多, 十二分not enough to swear by仅仅一点点sure enough果然不错, 确实wel