主、谓、宾、定、状、补口诀1.doc

主谓宾，定状补主干枝叶分清楚主干成分主谓宾枝叶成分定状补定语必居主宾前谓前为状谓后补【学语文，有口诀】（基本语序、不包括倒装）主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。六者关系难分辨，心中有数析正误。什么谁称主，做是怎样才充谓；宾语动支配，回答谓语什么谁。前置状语目（的）时（间）地（点），意义不变能复位。补语从后说前谓，定语才和后宾配。介宾短语多状补，不能充当宾主谓。的定地状与得补，语言标志定是非。【名词：】人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定谓都可作，名词具有多功能。【 动词：】世间万物皆运动，于是动词相应生。行为动作和发展，存在消失与变更。心理活动及判断，一概可作谓语用。能愿趋向两动词，配合谓语意更明。【形容词：】人有特征物有形，修饰动名靠形容。事态动作有性状，描摹性状用形容。形容词语极丰富，准确修饰需深功。形容词语功能多，主要充当状谓定。【数词：】数词即为表数目，确数概数和序数。确数包括整分倍，不定数目是概数。整数前加老第初，排列顺序是序数。分数倍数表增加，减少只能用分数。【量词：】表示单位量词全，单位各异按习惯。事物行动作统计，物量动量分两款。量词数词相结合，数量短语功能全。动量短语居动后，物量短语在名前。【代词：】代词代替人事物，按照作用分三族。人称代词我你他，咱们自己和大家。疑问代词谁什么，进地性状数如何。提示代词这和那，每名某另别其它。【副词：】副词修饰动与形，范围程度与时间。肯否估计与情态，语气频率用法全。稍微没有全都偏，简直仅仅只永远，已经曾经就竟然，将要立刻刚偶然，渐渐终于决忽然，难道连续又再三，也许必须很非常，最太十分更马上，越极总挺常常再，屡次一定也不还。时名副名看加在，名前可加副不来。前很后名都不行，单独回答更不能。【介词：】自从以当为按照，由于对于为了到；和跟把比在关于，除了同对向往朝；用在名词代词前，修饰动形要记牢。【助词：】结构助词的地得，时态助词着了过，语气助词啊吧呢，他词后边附加义。【连词：】成分连词难分辨，换位不变才是连【英語的是在是沒找到什麽、不過我覺得這個可能會有用的】中国人学英语最方便的一点就是，在简单句中，特别是刚刚开始学习英语的阶段，两种语言的句子结构很相似：英语句子结构：（定语）主语+谓语+（定语）宾语+状语。 My brother often speak English.汉语句子结构：（定语）主语+状语+谓语+（定语）宾语。 我弟弟经常说英语。两种语言都可以在名词前加定语。英语的状语位置比较灵活。在复合句中，也就是用一句话来充当某个句子成分，就出现了从句(主语从句、定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句等），这时，汉语的句子结构没什么变化，英语最明显的不同就是“定语从句通常放在被修饰成分的后面”。【高考英语资料库编写组 】语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子(这个就叫状语,一句话语法: 状语用副词,不用形容词)，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）Wait a minute.（名词）Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller than he is.（比较状语）主语主语表明这句话说的是谁和什么，主语主要由名词、代词或相当于名词的单词，短语或从句充当。一. 名词作主语David arrived last night. 大卫昨晚到达。Pride goes before a fall. 骄必败。二. 代词作主语Who is speaking, please? （在电话中）请问您是谁？Thats OK. 这没问题。三. 数词作主语Two will be enough. 两个就够了。Two-thirds of the workers are women. 三分之二的工人是女工。四. ing形式作主语Skating is good exercise. 溜冰是很好的运动。Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.从字典里查所有的生词花费了他许多时间。五. 不定式作主语To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.把理想转变成现实需要辛勤的劳动。六. 名词化的形容词作主语The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.在我们国家，盲人和肢残人受到很好的照顾。The unemployed usually lead a hard life.失业的人生活一般很困难。七. 短语作主语How to do well is an important question.如何把这件事做好是一个重要问题。Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy.早睡早起身体好。八. 从句作主语What has happened proves that our policy is right.发生的一切证明我们的政策是对的。Whether well go depends on the weather.我们是否去要看天气。谓语谓语说明主语的动作或状态。谓语动词一般在主语之后。Some children asked for cold drinks.有些孩子要喝冷饮。I shall go to see him tomorrow.明天我要去看他。I must ask her to teach me to swim.我一定得请她教我游泳。宾语宾语一般用在及物动词的后面，表示行为动词所涉及的对象。一. 名词作宾语Show your passport, please.请出示护照。二. 代词作宾语He didnt say anything.她什么也没说。三. 数词作宾语How many do you want? - I want two.你要几个？ 我要两个。四. 名词化的形容词作宾语They sent the injured to hospital.他们把伤员送到医院。五. 不定式或ing形式作宾语The asked to see my passport.他们要求看我的护照。I enjoy working with you.我和你们一道工作很愉快。六. 从句作宾语Did you write down what he said?你把他的话记下了没有？表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，它常位于联系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。一. 名词作表语Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。That remains a puzzle to me.这对我还是个难题。二. 代词作表语Whats your fax number?你的传真号是多少？三. 形容词作表语I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。四. 数词作表语She was the first to learn about it.她是第一个知道的人。五. 不定式或ing形式作表语Her job is selling computers.她的工作是销售电脑。Our next step was to get raw materials ready.我们下一步是把原料准备好。六. 介词短语作表语The patient is out of danger.病人脱险了。I dont feel at ease.我感到不自在。七. 副词作表语The sun is up.太阳升起来了。I must be off now.现在我得走了。八. 从句作表语This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。定语形容词作定语Hes a tall man.他是个高个子的男子。名词作定语There are a lot of banana trees on the island.（banana）岛上有许多香蕉树。数词作定语Three thousand people watched the game.三万人观看了球赛。限定词作定语Many men are working there.许多人在那儿工作。ing形式