英语基础语法(巩固版).ppt

英语基础语法 英语的特点及基本结构 十大词类 名词， girl, measurement, woman 代词， I, him, his, mine, that 动词， beat, is, can, do, will, call 形容词， beautiful, difficult 副词， very, hard, carefully. 限定词（冠词），a, an, the 连词， and, but, because 数词， one, first. 介词， on, in, from, of. 感叹词 Wow, oh 句子 简单句 English sometimes made me frustrated 并列句 The teacher came into the classroom and said hello to the students. 主从复合句 Though English sometimes made me frustrated, I gradually find it interesting and rewarding. 简单句基本句型(1) My name is Li Ming. My major is Computer Science. I am a freshman in Dalian Nationalities University. It looks beautiful. 主语+ （系）动词 + 表语 简单句基本句型(2) I get up at six every day. I study very hard. I do so because. 主语+动词 More： I can swim. Ill try. 简单句基本句型(3) I read English aloud. I enjoy learning English. We are studying sentence patterns now. I saw him yesterday. 主语+动词+宾语 简单句基本句型(4) My friends give me some advice. My friends give some advice to me. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me She sang us a song She sang a song for us. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语 简单句基本句型(5) I graually find it interesting and rewarding. My friends call me Da Ming. 主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语 More: He found his new job boring. This placed her in a very difficult position. I saw her chatting with Nancy. Conclusion 句子的基本组成成分有：主语，谓语， 宾语，定语，补语，表语，同位语，其 中主语和谓语部分是必不可少的。 简单句的基本句型有五种， 主要取决于 动词。 Exercise 我累了。 Im tired. 我在学校里很高兴。 Im happy in the school. 我会梦想成真的。 My dreams will come true. 太阳正在升起。 The sun is rising. 你睡的好吗？ Did you sleep well? 汽车坏了。 The car broke down. 我认识这些人。 I know these people. 我无法用英语表达自己的意思。 I cant express myself in English. 她为我们做了顿饭。 She cooked a meal for us. 我看到她正和南希聊天。 I saw her chatting with Nancy. 我问了他们的名字。 扩句练习 He is running. The noise made him angry. My father bought me a present. He keeps his eyes closed. You will tell me a story. We keep the room clean. 动词 类别特点意义举例 实义动 词 vt. vi. 及物动 词 单宾语 及物 动词 须跟一个宾语 一起才能表达完整 的意思 The teacher likes us. 句型3 双宾语 及物 动词 须跟两个宾语 一起才能表达完整 的意思 He give me some advice. 句型4 复杂宾语 及 物动词 须跟一个宾语 和补语 一起才能 表达完整的意思 I find the course interesting. 句型5 不及物动词 不能直接接 宾语 能独立作谓语She always comes late. 句型2 系动词 link-v 跟表语不能独立做谓语 ，跟表语构成完 整意思 I am a student. 句型1 助动词 aux. v. 跟动词 原形或分词 （无词汇 意义） 不能独立做谓语 ，跟实义动词 一起构成谓语 ，表示疑问，否定 及各种时态 He doesnt speak Chinese. I am watching TV. 情态动 词 mod. v 跟动词 原形 （有自己的词汇 意思） 不能独立做谓语 。表示说话 人 语气、情态，无人称和数的变化 We can do it by ourselves. That would be better. 短语动词 短语动词是由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其 构成方式如下。 构成方式举例 动词 +介词Look at, look after 动词 +副词Give up, put into 动词 +副词+介词Catch up with, look down upon 动词 +名词+介词Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容词+介词Be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结 构Make up ones mind, wind ones way 谓语动词 形式意义举例 人称与主语在人称一致I am reading now. 第一人称 数与主语在数上一致He writes well. 第三人称单数 时态表示动作发生的时 间 He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态 语态主语是动作的发生 者或者承受者 We study English.主动 The road was filled with rubbish. 被动 语气说话 人表达事实、 要求、愿望等 He has flown to America. 事实 I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望 系动词： be, look/sound/smell/taste/feel; become/get/turn/appear/seem They are students. She is beautiful. He is here/there/in/out/way. He is in the classroom/on the playground. Her job is teaching English/tiring/exciting. It looks fine. The plan sounds good. Its getting late. Her hair turned grey. He always seems (to be) sad. He seems to be afraid/ asleep/ awake/alive.(表语形 容词) He appeared (to be quite) well prepared. 表语：名词，形容词，介词短语，副词，动词-ing形式 Exercise-句型（1） 变一般疑问句： Are they students. Is she beautiful. Is he here/there/in/out/way. Is he in the classroom/on the playground. Is her job teaching English/tiring/exciting. Does it look fine. Does the plan sounds good. Is It getting late. Did Her hair turn grey. Does he always seem (to be) sad. Does he seems to be afraid/asleep/awake/alive.(表语形容 词) Did he appeared (to be quite) well prepared. 变特殊疑问句 Who are they. How is she like. Where Is he. Where Is he. How/What is her job. How does it look like. How does the plan sound like. How is it getting. Whose hair turned grey. How does he always seem to be. How does he seems to be. How did he appeared to be. More exercise (选择填空) 1. My brother _ a teacher. He _ his pupils very much. A. is, like B. is, likes C. are, likes D. are, like 2. A: How many days _ there in a week? B: There _ seven. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is 3. I _ tired last night. A. became B. felt C. looked D. am 4. Her face _ pale（苍白）when she heard the bad news. A. got B. is C. turned D. was 5. You _ pale. Whats wrong with you? A. turn B. seem C. look D. become 6. The boy _ ill today. A. are B. is C. be D. am 7. Which _ bigger, the sun or the moon? A. are B. is C. be D. 9. I _ a worker next year. A. am B. will be C. be D. will 10. Her voice _ like my mothers. A. sounds B. sound C. looks D. look 11. It often rains and the crops _ fast. A. get B. turn C. grow D. become 12. A: How are you _ now? B: Much better, thank you. A. getting B. feeling C. making D. turning 13. The teachers smile made me _ better. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt 14. My English teacher _. A. all look young B. looks young C. look young D. all looks young 15. I _ busy now, but I _ free next week. A. am, am B. am, will C. am, will be D. being, will be I get up at six every day. I study very hard. I do so because. I can swim. Ill try. 变一般疑问句 Do you get up at six every day? Do you study very hard? Do you do so because? Can you swim? Will you try? Exercise-句型（2）-不及物动词 变特殊疑问句 I get up at six every day. I study very hard. I do so because. I can swim. Ill try. When do you get up every day? How do you study? Why do you do so? What can you do? What will you do？ Exercise-句型（3） 单宾语及物动词 I read English aloud. I enjoy learning English. We are studying sentence patterns now. I saw him yesterday. He decided to go alone. 宾语： 名称，代词，不定式短语，动名词短语 变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 He decided to go alone. Does he decide to go alone？ How does he decide to go? Who decided to go alone? I enjoy learning English. Do you enjoy learning English? Who enjoy learning English? What do you enjoy? 变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 We are studying sentence patterns now. Are you studying sentence patterns now? What are you studying now? I saw him yesterday. Did you see him yesterday? When did you see him? Whom did you see yesterday? Exercise-句型（4） 双宾语及物动词 My friends gave me some advice. My friends gave some advice to me. He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me She sang us a song She sang a song for us. 变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 My friends gave me some advice. Did your friends give you some advice？ What did your friends give you? Who gave you some advice? He handed me a letter. Did he hand you a letter? Who handed you a letter? What did he hand you? 变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 She sang us a song. She sang a song for us. Did she sing us a song？ Who sang us a song? What did she so for us? Exercise-句型（5） 复杂宾语及物动词 I gradually find it interesting and rewarding. My friends call me Da Ming. He found his new job boring. This placed her in a very difficult position. I saw her chatting with Nancy. I heard my name called. The teacher told us not to be late. I found him out. I consider it a pity that you didnt take his advice. 宾语补足语：名称（短语），形容词（短语），分词短语 （现在 分词和过去分词），不定式短语, 介词短语, 副词，句子。 注意动词搭配： Ask/require/ sb. to do sth, Help/see/here/watch/notice/make/have/help sb. do sth. Find/keep/make sth + adj. find/make + n. 变一般疑问句、特殊疑问句 I gradually find it interesting and rewarding. Do your gradually find it interesting and rewarding？ What do gradually find? How do gradually find it ? My friends call me Da Ming. Do your friends call you Da Ming? Who call you Da Ming? What do your friends call you? exercises 1. 以她的年龄而言，她看起来很年轻。 1. She looks very young for her age. 2. 天色渐黑，咱们回家吧。 2. Its getting dark. Lets go home. 3. 他好象匆忙的样子。 3. He seems to b