高二英语unit7虚拟语气(一).ppt

虚拟语气(一) SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD(I) GRAMMER 语法 2019/1/26 lWord study l1.Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks. l1.In February 2003 some people got _ l(infected with/immune to) a strange disease and died within a month. l2.Having found out that the girl has got a disease which is _(curable /incurable) and will die soon, the boy decided to help her to make the last days of her life beautiful and meaningful. l3.although he met many difficulties, Helen was not _ (encouraged /discouraged), she continued struggling with the disease. l4.People think it a serious crime to attack _ (defensive,defenceless) children. l Fill in the blanks with words in the text. l1.It is not _ to be late for work. l2.It took scientists several months to identify the _ that causes SARS. l3.He was defeated in the tennis match because of a _ of confidence. l4.When her husband left her, several friends organized a party to _ me up. l5.It is no use trying to _ him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic. 6.I think the best _ for a cold is to drink a lot of water. l7.Not enough money is _ to help the students in poor areas. l8.My father thinks the competition in computer companies is so fierce that he _ me from entering the field. proper virus lack cheer persuade treatment available discourages 一一 . . 语气的分类语气的分类 4陈述语气 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadnt come back home yet. 4祁使语气 Lets go. Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings. 4虚拟语气 If I were you,I would not leave her alone. Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon. 条件句条件句表示主句的条件表示主句的条件 , , 分分 真实条件句真实条件句 和和 虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 两种两种 . . la.真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有 可能实现的,采用陈述语气. lb.虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现 或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气. 2019/1/26 2. IF虚拟条件句的概念 l由 if 引导的虚拟条件句叫作 IF虚拟 条件句 I could easily recognize if I had seen him before. l其他虚拟条件句 Without your help,I couldnt have finished my work on time. 三. IF Sentence Structure IF虚拟条件句的结构 lIF虚拟条件句根据条件所处时态分为三类. a. 表示与现在事实相反 的假设. b. 表示与过去事实相反 的假设. c. 表示与将来事实相反 的假设. 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件 状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的过去式用were）”， 而主句中的谓语动词 “would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。 虚拟语气 If I were a boy, I would join the army. What would you do if you won the lottery? If I won the lottery, I would If I won the lottery, I would buy an expensive car. If I had a lot of money, I would buy a villa. If I had a lot of money now, I would travel around the world. If it were fine now, I would go shopping. If I _a teacher, I.were PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they _ (be) here,they _(take) your advice. b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth? c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _ (be) in your position,I _(ask) for teachers help. were would take burst would happen were not could be were would ask 2 与过去的事实相反 从句的谓语用had过去分词，构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形式； 主句的谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第 二、三人称）/could/might have 动词过去分 词。 If he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. had driven would not have had If I how to swim, I trapped in this island. had learnt would not have been PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks a. If Tom (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already. b. If you (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train. c. If I (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together. had been would have passed had got would have caught had met would have gone 3 与将来事实相反 从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过 去式或were to do 或should do 形式， 主句谓语用should（第一人称）/would（第 二、三人称）/could/ might 动词原形。 If he got up early, he would be on time 假如他来了， 我们对他说什么呢？ If he were to come, what should we say to him. 假如他看见我， 就会认识我。 If he should see me, he would know me. PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks a. If there (be) no natural resource any more,we (make) use of nuclear power . b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow? c. If Robots (control) the world some day,there (be) no friendship . should be should make would happenshould get up were to control would be If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间, 这时主从 句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同, 这 叫做混合条件句. 例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反 If the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now. 一：虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 。 条件从句 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 未来 过去时（were） 过去完成时 would/could/should/mi ght +V.（原） would/could/should/mig ht+have+p.p. 1.过去时 2.should+V. 3. were to do would/could/should/ might +V.（原） 二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 1 在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的 事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that。 1）表示对现在情况的虚拟： 从句动词用 过去式或过去进行式（be动词一般用were）。 I wish I were as tall as you. I wish I were a bird. I wish every day were my birthday. I wish / wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon. （2）表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had 过去分词”。 The party was terrible, I wish I had never gone to it. （3）表示对将来的主观愿望：从句动词形式为“would 动词原形”。 注意：主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语 所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿 （非动物名词除外）。 但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon. I wish it would rain tomorrow. as if / as though 由as if(as though) 或even if(even though) 引导的让步状语从句中， 从句谓语形式为动词的过去式（be用were）或 “had过去分词”。 He behaves as if he owned the house. ( But he doesnt own it or probably doesnt own it or we dont know whether he owns it or not.) He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself. 他那样对待我，好像我式陌生人似的。 He treats me as if I were a stranger. 注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生， 那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用 陈述语气。 Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. 使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点： 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所 发生的时间不一致时，被称为：“错综时间条件句”， 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了 2.省略句 在条件句中，可省略 if，把were ,had, should 提到句首， 变为倒装句式 If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定式，不能用动词的 缩略形式如我们可以说 Were it not for expense, I would go abroad now. 不可以说 Werent it for the expense, 3.含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是总是 出现if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条 件句。 I was ill that day. Otherwise , I would have taken part in the sports meet.（副词） He telephoned to inform me of you birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（连词） I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.（连词） Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.（独立主格） I would buy the book, but I have not enough money. I would have bought the book, but I didnt have enough money. I havent enough money, otherwise I would buy the book. I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought the book. 我会买那本书的，但我现在没有钱 我会买那本书的，但我当时没有钱 我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的 What would you do with a million dollars(=If you had a million dollars)? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help(=if we hadnt got your help). But for the rain(=If it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work. 4.用介词短语代替条件状语从句常用的介词有 with, without, but for 等。如： 关于虚拟语气 辩析1 关于虚拟语气 辩析2 关于虚拟语气 辩析3 关于虚拟语气 辩析4 关于虚拟语气 辩析5 虚拟语气2 The Subjunctive Mood 一、 用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。 insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc. 一坚持；二命令；三建议；四要求 We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them. 注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认 为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 二、 用于主语从句中 1.It is necessaryimportantstrangenaturalimpossible / surprising / a pity+ that从句。从句中的谓语动词用should+动词 原形，should可以省略。 2.It is suggesteddesired / ordered / requested / demanded that It is necessary that you (should) clean the room after work. It is important that he (should) work harder at his lessons. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is ordered that the work (should) be done at once. should表示惊奇、怀疑、不满等情绪，作“竟然”解 ，should可省略。 句型：It is surprising/a pity/ strange that. It is a pity that he should be so careless. 真可惜他竟然如此粗心 It is strange that he should have left without saying good-bye. 他离开时没有说再见是很奇怪的 注意：以上句型也可用陈述语气 It is strange that he didnt come yesterday. It is a pity that you cant dance. I am surprised that he _ to help me when I needed it most. A. should refuse B.would have refused C.should have refused C 在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用 “should动词原形” should可以省略 三、用语表语从句和同位语从句 My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others. We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off. It is (high / about ) time that从句中的谓语 动词用过去式或should动词原形，should不 能省略 四、虚拟语气在其他从句中 It is high time that you went / should go to school. If only 引导的感叹句（要是该有多好啊） If only I knew the answer! If only I had seen the film yesterday! would rather + 从句 动词用过去式 I would rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿你告诉我真相 If it were not for If it had not been for 要是没有 If it were not for the rain, the crop would die. If it had not been for your help, I wouldnt have made so much progress. 在口语交际中虚拟语气省略的情况 若一般过去时只保留did, could, were等助动词、情态动词或 系动词。 若是过去完成时，只保留had 若是过去将来时只保留would, might - Have you found the answer to the question? -I wish I had. I cant go to Beijing with you ,but I wish I would. 在In case和 for fear that “万一；惟恐”引导 的状语 从句中，谓语动词多用 should+动词 原形 Take an umbrella in case it should rain / rains. In case I should fail, I would try again. I darent tell you what he did for fear that he should be angry with. Choose the best answer: 1. It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was C A A A 句型练习(用If I were you句型翻译下列句子) 1. 我要是你的话,我就会把英语学好. 2. 如果你昨天来,你就会看见他. 3. 万一明天下雨,我们就不到那儿去. 4. 我希望我十年前认识他 5. 他对待我就像对待他自己的儿子一样. HOMEWORK: 关于陈述语气 1 What will you do if it rains tomorrow? I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 关于陈述语气 2 关于祁使语气 1 关于祁使语气 2 关于祁使语气 3 关于祁使语气 4 1 真实实条件句 真实实条件句用于陈陈述语语气，假设设的情况可能发发生， 其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态时态 关系 句型： 条件从句 主句 一般现现在时时 shall/will + 动词动词 原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained 答案B。真实实条件句主句为为将来时时，从句 用一般现现在时时。 注意： 1） 在真实实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该该用shall, will. (错错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时时，主句谓语动词谓语动词 便不用 shall (will) +动词动词 原形，而直接用一般现现 在时时的动词动词 形式。 Choose the best answer: 1. It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would 2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished 3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given 4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was C A A A 5.Alan _ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 6.It was the drug，not the disease， that killed the boy. He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A.not take B.shouldnt have taken C.didnt take D.hadnt taken ExercisesExercises 7. Simon looks a