动词不定式、阅读理解题、完形填空题训练.doc

动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1：Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET) A. now B. man C. that D. it用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 2. It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！3.Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. 4.Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. 5.It seems(appears)形容词to do6. It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The next step/ measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office.The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。 例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities.She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：allowask,advise,beg,cause,drive（强迫），encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,would like (love,hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等等。例如： The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。 hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：【误】I hope my son to be back soon.【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【误】She suggests us to have a discussion about it.【正】She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)“三使”(make, let, have)“两听”(hear, listen to)“一感觉”(feel)。例如：Who made him work all night long?但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。例如：He was seen to break the window.五、作定语 动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、作状语 动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果）To look at the picture, you would like it.（条件）作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用enough to, tooto, soas to, such as to等结构。例如：He got up too late to miss the early bus.She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。作目的状语 (1) I stayed there to see what would happen. Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examinedby the doctor. (2)有时为了强调，不定式前可加in order或so as。如： Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not toforget it. 有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为so that,in order that,成为目的状语从句，如： I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen. (3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。 We are glad to hear the news. I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well. 在部分形容词后接不定式，用主动形式表示被动意义，这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer. The room is really comfortable to live in. 常这样用的形容词有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。 I.选择填空。( )1. It is not easy _ maths. A. learns B. learn C. to learn D. learned( )2. It is very nice _ you to _ me about it. A. for , tell B. of , say C. to , speak D. of , tell( )3. Its too late. Its impossible _ there by nine. A. of him to get B. for him to get C. him to get D. for him getting( )4. John knows _ a computer. A. how to use B. how use C. how uses D. how to using( )5. Our teacher told us _ . A. careful B. be careful C. to be careful D. to be carefully( )6. He asked me _ leave him alone here. A. dont B. not to C. not D. doesnt ( )7. I have a lot of things _ this weekend. A. do B. did C. doing D. to do( )8. There is a chair _ . A. to sit B. sitting on C. to sit on D. sit in( )9. The question is easy _ . A. answering B. answer C. to answer D. answered( )10. My brother is not strong enough _ the big tree. A. carries B. carried C. to carry D. going (A) 用括号中的动词适当形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You cant make him _ (do) what you want.4.I dont know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upstairs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11.If he doesnt know, how _ (use) the recorder, youd better _ (show) him.12.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day.13.Its bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.B. Why to learn English People in many countries are learning English. Some learn at school, others study by _1_. A _2_ learn English _3_ the radio. Why do all these people want to learn English? Its difficult _4_ that question. Many _5_ learn English at school because it is one of their subjects. _6_ people learn English because _7_ useful for their work. Many students often learn English for their _8_ studies because _9_ the college some of their books _10_ _11_ English. It is not _12_ to learn a foreign language. But there is _13_ difficult _14_ the world if you _15_ your heart into it.1. A. himself B. oneself C. themselves D. ourselves2. A. few B. little C. few of D. little of3. A. of B. with C. on D. in4. A. answer B. answering C. answered D. to answer5. A. workers B. boys and girls C. doctors D. scientists6. A. Some B. Much C. A lot D. A little7. A. its B. its C. theyre D. their8. A. lower B. longer C. shorter D. higher9. A. near B. at C. on D. in front of10. A. write B. wrote C. are written D. is written11. A. in B. with C. on D. from12. A. free B. difficult C. busy D. easy13. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. some14. A. in B. on C. over D. of15. A. keep B. put C. take D. bringB.One day Einstein _1_ in the street in New York. His friend _2_ him and says to him, “Einstein, you should buy a new coat. Look, how _3_ your coat is!” But Einstein answers, “It doesnt _4_. Nobody _5_ me here.” After a _6_ years Einstein becomes a famous scientist. But he still _7_ the old coat. His friend meets him again and asks him to buy a _8_ one. But Ensteins says, “I neednt buy a new one. _9_knows _10_ here.”1. A. is walking B. walk C. is reading D. read2. A. is meeting B. meets C. see D. looks at3. A. clean B. long C. new D. old4. A. thing B. meet C. matter D. well5. A. know B. knows C. ask D. asks6. A. lot B. litter C. few D. many7. A. put on B. wear C, wears D. puts on8. A. good B. new C. big D. old9. A. Every B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Somebody10. A. you B. I C. me D. usB.A frog is born _1_ a small river. When he is young, the river is his _2_. He doesnt _3_ his parents, but he has many brothers and sisters. He swims here and there and plays _4_ them all day. At that time, he doesnt look _5_ his parents. He has _6_legs, but he has a long tail. So he looks like a _7_. Then his tail gets shorter and _8_. And he has _9_ legs and a very short tail. Now he looks like his parents. Then he is going to _10_ a lot of insects a lot of bad insects.1. A. in B. on C. near D. over2. A. house B. home C. family D. school3. A. knows B. know C. see D. like4. A. in B. before C. with D. behind5. A. likes B. as C. for D. like6. A. no B. not C. not some D. no any7. A. fish B. frog C. insect D. baby8. A. short B. shorter C. shortest D. the shortest9. A. two B. four C. six D. eight10. A. eating B. have C. drink D. eatA. In Britain, cars, buses and bikes must keep to the left side of the street. If a person wants to cross a street, he must be very careful. Before he cresses a street, he has to stop and look to the right first and then the left. While in China, we look to the left instead. When visitors are in London, they should learn how to take buses and underground trains. The most important of all, they must know in which direction they are going and which bus and which understand train they should take. At the bus stop they should wait for their buses to come. As soon as they get on a bus, they must pay for their fares. 根据短文内容，判断下列句子正（T）误（F）( ) 1. In England, people go alone the left side of the street as we do in China.( ) 2. When they want to cross a street, people in England do not look to the left first.( ) 3. Visitors in London should learn to drive buses.( ) 4. When they take a bus in England, visitors must make sure in which direction it is going.( ) 5. After they get on a bus, visitors dont have to pay for their tickets at once.A. Most American school students have a long summer holiday. It is usually from June to September. During this holiday, students often travel or have summer work. Some students take courses in summer schools. Mary spent her last summer in a summer school. She studied two courses and she traveled with her family. They saw interesting places near their home in Seattle. Marys friend, Peter, worked at a gasoline station during the summer. He sold gasoline and mended cars. He made a lot of money and saved nearly all of it. Peter is going to the university next year. He needs money for the university tuition.1. In America, from June to September _. A. most school students take courses in universities B. all school students are still at school C. more school students stay at home D. there are still lessons in summer schools2. Peter, one of Marys friends, will be a _ next year. A. gasoline worker B. car mender C. school students D. university student3. Seattle is the name of _. A. a summer school B. Marys friend C. a gasoline station D. an American city4. What did Peter do last summer? A. He worked at a gasoline station B. He traveled with his family C. He studied in a summer school D. He visited some interesting places5. Peter saved nearly all of his money because_. A. he didnt need to pay for anything B. his parents asked him to do so C. he needed money for his summer work D. he needed money for the university tuitionA. In English people can experience four seasons in one day. So they often talk about the weather. In the morning the weather is warm like in spring. After an hour black clouds come and then it rains heavily. The weather gets a litter cold. In