《高考重点词汇用法精讲》.doc

学海扬帆，奥风助航!第3讲 第3篇 1. employ vt. 雇用；使用；利用（时间、精力等）用法点睛 employ sb. + (as+ n. ) 雇佣某人当employ sb. to do sth.雇用某人做某事如： They employed me as an adviser. 他们聘请我当顾问。 The boss employed several people to work for him. 老板雇用了几个人替他干活。同根词 employee n. C 受雇者；雇工；雇员 employer n. C 雇佣者；雇主 employment n. U 雇用；使用辨析：employ / hire两者都有“雇佣”的意思，但含义有所不同。employ表示长期雇用；而hire则表示短期或临时雇用。如：He was employed by his fathers friend. 他被他父亲的朋友雇用。I hired a man to clean the room. 我雇了一个人来打扫房间。2. accident n.C事故；意外如： One in seven road accidents is caused by drivers falling asleep at the wheel.七分之一的交通事故是由开着车睡着的司机导致的。短语：by accident 偶然；意外地如： He made this mistake by accident.他犯这个错误纯属偶然。3. promotionn. C U 提升；晋升如：If you want a promotion, you need to do more than want. 如果你想得到晋升，你需要做得比要求的更多。 同根词：promote vt. 提拔；促进；促销短语 promote sb. to 将某人提升到某个职务如：They promoted him to manager. 他们提拔他作经理。Shes in Qingdao to promote her new book.她在青岛推销她的新书。4. afford vt. (常与can, could , be able to 连用) 负担得起（的费用）；抽得出（时间）；提供用法点睛 afford (to do) sth. 能买得起某物；能负担做某事所需的钱物、时间等如：I cant afford to go abroad我没钱出国。I cant afford so much money .我付不起那么多钱。Reading affords pleasure.读书给人带来快乐。5. satisfaction n. U 满足；满意短语：to ones satisfaction 令人满意的是with (great)satisfaction (非常)满意地如：To our satisfaction, many kinds of food are supplied to us. 令我们满意的是，食堂给我们提供了很多种类的食物。She finished painting and looked at it with satisfaction.她画完了那张画儿，看了看觉得很满意。反：dissatisfaction n. 不满；不满足同根词：satisfy vt. 使满意；使满足用法点睛 be satisfied with 对（感到）满意satisfy somebodys needs/demands/desires 满足某人的需要/要求/渴望如：They werent satisfied with the answer他们对这个答复不满意。如：We must develop production to satisfy the peoples needs我们必须发展生产，满足人民的需要。反dissatisfy vt. 使不满satisfying adj. 令人满意的；令人满足的satisfactory adj. 满足的；如意的；（不是太好但）可以接受的高考例句 Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction. 莎拉满意地看着完成的画作。6. competition n. C U 比赛；竞争用法点睛 competition for 为获得某物而进行的竞争competition between/among 某人之间的竞争competition in 在某方面/某领域的竞争be in competition with与某人竞争enter/take part in a competition 参加比赛hold a golf competition 举办高尔夫球赛如：Competition for the job was intense.找工作的竞争很激烈。The competition between Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola has been on for a long time. 可口可乐与百事可乐的竞争由来已久。The competition in the mobile phone industry is good for customers. 手机行业的竞争对顾客有利。They are in direct competition with each other for the natural resources.他们在这些自然资源上面临彼此的直接竞争。同根词： compete vi.竞争；比赛用法点睛 compete with/against 与竞争compete for sth. 为某物而竞争compete to do争做某事compete in 在某方面/领域竞争如：In this game the women will compete with the men for the gold medal.在这场比赛中，女子要和男子争夺金牌。Several advertising agencies are competing to get the contract.几家广告公司正在竞争这个合同。How many runners will be competing in the marathon?将有多少赛跑选手参加马拉松？competitive adj. 有竞争力的competitor n. C 竞争者7. seldom adv.不常；很少；几乎从不用法点睛 seldom 表示否定意义，当其位于句首时，句子需部分倒装，即将助动词/be动词提到主语前面。含有seldom的句子，其反意问句要用肯定形式。如：I have seldom read such a story. Seldom have I read such a story.我很少读到这样的故事。He seldom goes to the cinema, does he? 他很少去看电影，是吗？8. care n. U照料；关心；小心；忧虑 短语take care小心；注意；（分手道别时用语）保重take care of （=look after） 照顾、照料（某人）；负责、处理（某事）in sb.s care/in the care of sb.由某人负责；由某人照管care of（书信等）由某人转交如：You should take more care over your work. 你对工作应该更认真些。Take care to lock the door when you leave. 离开时注意锁门。Old people need loving care and attention. 老人需要关爱和照顾。The children are old enough to take care of themselves.孩子们大到足够照顾自己了。Smith takes care of marketing and publicity.史密斯负责销售与推广。They left the child in a friends care./in the care of a friend. 他们把孩子交给一个朋友照看。Send me the letter care of my uncle.写给我的信寄给我叔叔就行。（由叔叔转交给我） vt. vi. 忧虑；关心；希望；喜欢 短语care about 关心；介意care for照顾某人；喜欢(某人、物) 如：He doesnt care about his clothes.他不讲究衣着。Who will care for/take care of me when Im old? 我老了谁来照顾我？Im fond of Mary but I dont care for her sister.我喜欢玛丽，但不喜欢她妹妹。辨析：take care of|/ look after/care for 三者都可以表示“照顾、照料（某人）”，用作此意时可以互换。如：Who will take care of/look after/care for the children while their mother is in hospital?当他们的妈妈生病住院时，谁来照顾孩子们？ take care of和look after都可以表示“负责、处理某事物”，care for则无此用法。如：Im leaving you here to take care of/look after the business until I get back. 在我回来前，我将把这里的生意交给你打理。 只有take care of可以表示“支付（钱）”。如：Well take care of the fees.我们付钱。 只有care for有“喜欢某人；想要某物”的意思，表示此意时，多用于疑问句和否定句。如：Would you care for another drink? 要不要再来杯饮料？I dont care for this man. 我不喜欢这个人。同根词：careful adj.小心的；仔细的如：You must be very careful of the traffic when you cross the streets. 过马路时你必须小心车辆。反：careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的高考链接 If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 答案解析 B 本句意为“如果你介意这辆自行车的问题，但是仍然想买下的话，就让商店售货员给你降低价格”。come across偶然遇到；look for寻找；focus upon/on将精力集中在某事上9. long adj.（时间或空间）长的；长期的 adv. 长期地；（距某一时间）很久的；n. U 长时间如：He said hed been waiting for so long that he couldnt stay any longer. 他说他已经等了这么长时间了，不能再等了。It will not be long before we know the truth. 不久就会真相大白。 vi. 渴望用法点睛 long for渴望某物；想拥有某物 long for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事 如：I longed for a bicycle. 我特想要辆自行车。She longed for him to ask her to dance.她巴不得他邀请自己跳舞。 反：short adj.短的短语：as/so long as 只要（引导条件状语从句） before long不久 long before 很久以前not. any longer 不再( = no longer ) 如：John is happy as long as he has a book to read.约翰只要有本书看就很高兴了。Before long he had to return to the village where he once lived long before.不久以后，他只得回到他很久以前住过的那个村子去了。 China today is no longer the China of the past. 今日中国不再是过去的中国了。同根词：length n. C U 长度10. quit (quit/quitted, quit/quitted) vt. vi. 退出；辞（职）；离开；停止用法点睛 quit (doing) sth. 停止（做）某事如：My father has quit smoking我父亲已戒烟了。11. leave vt. vi. (left, left)离开；留下；剩下；委托用法点睛 leave A for B 离开A地去B地leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事leave sth. to sb. 将某事交给某人处理leave sb. sth. 留给某人某物leave sth. open/empty/dirty 让某物继续处于某种状态（开着/空着/脏） leave sb./sth. alone不打扰某人；将某人单独留下；不碰某物如：We are leaving (Shanghai) for Beijing next week我们打算下周(离开上海)去北京。He left Rose to find her own way home.他让萝斯自己回家。Leave the letter to me. Ill make sure it gets posted.把信交给我吧。我一定会把它寄出去。The window was left open. 窗子开着。Oh, just leave me alone, will you?不要打扰我，好吗？ n. C U 许可；休假；告别如：Can I ask for a two-day leave? 我能请两天假吗?高考例句 He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched. 他起床晚了，没有吃早饭就匆忙去办公室了。12. offervt. 提供；主动提出； n. C 提供；提议；出价用法点睛 offer sth. to sb. (=offer sb. sth.)主动向某人提供某物 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事如：Im in a dilemma about this job offer. 我对这次工作机会有些犹豫不决。 They offered me the house for 7,000 dollars.他们提出以七千美元的价格把房子卖给我。 He offered to take me back home.他主动提出送我回家。高考例句 We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold hadnt offered us a ride home.昨天如果不是哈洛主动提出载我们回家，我们就要打的了。13. salary n. C U薪金；薪水如：I live only on my salary.我只靠薪水过活。辨析：salary 与wage salary多指脑力劳动者的工资，通常按年计算，按月发放，多用作可数名词。wage多指体力劳动者的工资，通常按日或周发放，且通常用复数形式。 如：His wages are 8 a week. 他的工资是每周8英镑。14. exact adj. 确切的；准确的短语：to be exact 确切地说（插入语）如：Tell me the exact time, please. 请告诉我确切的时间。He has worked at the bank for many years, nine to be exact.同根词：exactly adv.确切地如： I arrived at the airport exactly at six. 我到达机场时正好六点。15. realize/-ise vt. 认识到；领悟；实现如：I never realized that someday I would married to a genius我从来没有想到有一天，我会嫁给一个天才。 She has made a serious mistake but she doesnt realize it .她犯了一个严重的错误，但是她没有意识到。He never realized his dreams他从未实现他的梦想。16. ability n. C U 能力；本领；才能 用法点睛：ability to do sth.做某事的能力to the best of ones ability 尽某人所能如：I dont doubt your ability to do the work.我不怀疑你有担任这项工作的能力。I tried to do my work to the best of my ability.我竭尽全力地做好工作。同根词：able adj.能够；有能力的短语：be able to能够做；有能力做某事辨析：be able to/can两者都可用于表示某人“有能力”做某事，be able to更正式一些；can只有现在式和过去式（could）两种形式，而be able to则可用于多种时态。表示某人“经过努力而成功地做成某事”时，只能用be able to。如：He was able to finish his homework before his mother got back home. 他在妈妈回家前完成了家庭作业。In the end, only 50 people were able to escape from the big fire. 最后，只有50人从大火中逃出。17. reason n. C U原因；理由；动机用法点睛 reason for 某事的原因the reason why 的原因（理由）如：What is the reason for your long silence? 什么原因使你沉默良久？The reason why she was ill was that she had drunk cold water.她是因为喝了凉水才生病的。 vi.思考；以理说服某人；vt推断，论证用法点睛 reason with sb. 为说服某人而与之理论reason sb. into/out of说服某人做某事/不做某事如：He tried to reason with his students.他想法子说服学生。He reasoned her out of her fear. 他劝说她消除恐惧。Copernicus reasoned that the earth move around the sun哥白尼推论说地球围绕太阳转。同根词：reasonable adj.合理的；有道理的辨析：reason/ cause/ excuse reason 和conclusion（结论）相对，指的是用来解释某种看法或行为的“理由”，常与for搭配使用。如：We have good reason for changing the plan.我们很好的理由变更计划。 cause与effect（结果）相对，指的是某个客观存在事件的直接原因，“起因”，常与of搭配使用。如：What was the cause of the fire? 起火的原因是什么？ excuse意为“借口，托辞”，往往指为推缷责任或逃避惩罚而找的借口。如：Stop making excuses! 别再找借口了！高考链接 Be_-you cant expect me to finish all this work in so little time.A. reasonable B. confident C. creative D. grateful答案解析 A 本句意为“理智些，你不能期望我在如此短的时间里完成所有这些工作”。confident自信的；creative有创造性的；grateful感激的18. confusionn. U 迷惑；混乱；混淆同根词： confuse vt. 使混乱；混淆；使迷惑用法点睛 confuse A and/with B把A误当成B；混淆如：They asked so many questions that they confused me他们问了许多问题，都把我弄糊涂了。I always confuse the sisters: they are so alike. 我总是分不清那对姐妹，她们看上去简直一模一样。 Dont confuse liberty with license. 不要把自由和放纵混为一谈。 confusing adj. （事物）难以理解的；让人迷惑的 confused adj. （人）糊涂的；感到迷惑的；（叙述等）不清楚的19. proper adj.恰当的；合适的用法点睛 proper后的从句需用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should+do”结构，should可省。如：Its proper that he (should) tell you the news. 他告诉你那个消息是应该的。However, I have no idea when is the proper time. 然而，我还不知道何时才是一个合适的时间。He isnt the proper man to do the work.他不是做这份工作的适当人选。同根词：properly adv. 适当地；正确地如：The child cant use chopsticks properly.那个孩子不会正确使用筷子。20. concern n. U 关心；焦虑；某人感兴趣/关心的事物；vt. 涉及；使烦恼如：She concerns about her sons future.她担忧儿子的将来。She showed a great deal of concern for/about her sons study.她非常关心她儿子的学习。同根词：concerned adj. 烦恼的；担心的；与有关的用法点睛：as far as sb./sth. is concerned 就某人/某事而言be concerned about/for sth./that从句 为某事感到担心be concerned with/in sth.与某事相关的如：No one can match us as far as speed is concerned. 就速度而言，目前没有厂家能和我们相比。Im concerned about the accident that happened yesterday. 我对昨天发生的事情表示担忧。 The course is concerned with the analysis of culture. 这门课程是关于文化的分析。高考例句 The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving. 经理听到他信任的两个工人要离开的消息很烦恼。21. bother vt. vi. 打扰；麻烦；使不安；n. U 麻烦；烦恼用法点睛：(not) bother to do sth./(not) bother doing （不）费心做某事not bother about/with sth.不为某事费心；不为某事麻烦bother sb. about/with sth. 用某事麻烦别人bother sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事如：Dont bother me with so silly questions.别用这么无聊的问题烦我。Could I bother you to give the package to Mr. Miller?麻烦你把这个包裹交给米勒先生好吗？Dont bother taking him to any more hospitals.用不着再把他送到别的医院。The children stopped bothering their father.孩子们停止搅扰他们的父亲。The expert had no bother （in）solving that problem.那位专家轻易地就把那个问题解决了。22. whetherconj. 是否用法点睛：whetheror是还是whetheror not是否如：Whether he succeeds or fails, he has to do his best. 不论是成功还是失败，他都必须尽力而为。I dont know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否能来。同音词：weather n. U 天气23. entertainment n. C U娱乐如：Playing on-line games has become a main entertainment to some adolescents. 玩网络游戏已经成为一些青少年的主要娱乐。同根词：entertain vt .vi. 招待；款待；娱乐用点点睛 entertain sb. with sth. 用某物款待/招待/娱乐某人如：I like to entertain friends with music and refreshments at home. 我喜欢在家里用音乐和茶点招待朋友。24. determine vt. 决定；决心（做某事）用法点睛：determine to do决定做某事 be determined to do下定决心做某事如：He has determined to give up smoking. 他已决定戒烟了。He is determined to carry out the experiment他决心进行试验。Have you determined the date of the wedding? 结婚的日期，你已经决定了吗？He has not determined what he will study. 他还没有决定学什么。25. status n U 身份；地位；情况；状态如：Age has status in the villages在乡村里年长者受人尊敬。We all are interested in the status of world affairs我们都关心世界形势。26. consider vt. vi. 认为；思考；考虑用法点睛：作“思考；考虑”讲时，其后接动词时需用ing形式。consider doing sth.考虑做某事consider sb./sth. (to be) +adj./n. 认为某人/物（是） consider sb./sth. as sth.将某人/物视为如：Have you considered going abroad? 你考虑过出国吗？Youd better consider the feelings of others.你最好顾及一下别人的感受。He is considering what to do next.他正考虑下一步做什么。高考例句 Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider having a holiday abroad.直到3年前从教育岗位上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。He considers himself intelligent.他认为自己很聪明。I considered him as a politician. 我认为他是个政客。同根词 considerate adj.体贴的；为他人着想的如：It was considerate of you not to play the piano while your brother was asleep. 你不在弟弟睡觉时弹钢琴，真是体贴人。27. discourage vt. 使泄气；使沮丧；使失去信心用法点睛：discourage sb. from doing sth. 说服某人不做某事；使某人泄气不做某事如：The loss of the game discouraged the