高考英语语法专题复习-动词的时态语态.doc

专题十 动词的时态I、重点难点解析 高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。一 动词的基本形式一览表形式变化规则构成方法例词原形see, finish, teach现在时第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slooklooks, writewrites以ch, sh, s, x结尾加-esteachteaches, finishfinishesguessguesses, mixmixes以o结尾加-esdodoes, gogoes以 “辅音字母y”结尾变y为i ，加-estrytries, crycries过去式过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstaystayed, looklooked以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecidedecided, hopehoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-edstopstopped, admitadmitted以 “辅音字母y”结尾变y为i ，加-edcarrycarried, trytried现在分词一般情况加-inggogoing, readreading以不发音e结尾去e，再加-inghavehaving, writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-ingcutcutting, runrunning二 常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表时 态构 成常用时间状语一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数+s等）always, usually, often, sometimes, every,etc.一般过去时动词过去式yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last,ago, etc.一般将来时will（shall）+动词原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next, in two days, etc.be going to+动词原形过去将来时would+动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中将来进行时will（shall）+be+现在分词at eight（this time）tomorrow, etc.现在进行时am（is, are）+现在分词now, during these days, etc.过去进行时was（were）+现在分词at eight（this time）yesterday, etc.现在完成时have（has）+过去分词already, just, yet, since, for, etc.过去完成时had+过去分词by,before, etc.现在完成进行时have（has）+been+现在分词for, since, etc.三 注意以下几种时态的区别1. 一般过去时和现在完成时1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。I wrote a letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加“已经”。 I have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。)2. 一般过去时和过去进行时1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。 It rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。 It was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续)3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。 I have read that book. (已读完)2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。 I have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)II、实战演练用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式1. 1)-Remember the first time we _ (meet)?-Of course. You _ (study) in Beijing University then.2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ (study) English for a year.2.1) The government _ (build) two factories in this region since the end of last year.2) The government _(build) two factories in this region by the end of this year.3.1) It _ (be) ten years since we left school.2) It _ (be) two years before we leave school.4.They _ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.5.The pen I _ (think) I _ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.6.If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.7.She said that it _ (be) the second time she _ (see) the film.8.I dont really work here. I _ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.9.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _ (take) off at 18:40.10.-How are you today?-Oh, _ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time.11. 1) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人)2) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来)12.1) Where _ (be) you? (你在哪儿)2) Where _ you _? (be) (你去了哪)3) Where _ he _ (go)? (他去哪了)13.1) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了)2) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国)14.1) I _ (read) that book. (读过那本书了)2) I _ (read) that book all the morning.（一直在读那本书）15.1) When I got there, he _ the work (做完那工作了)2) When I got there, he _ the work carefully (在认真地做工作)3) When I got there, he _ the work (才要做工作)答案：1. met, were studying; has been studying2. has built; will have built3. is; will be4.Had been working; are still working5. thought, had lost6. will increase7.was, had seen8. am just helping9. takes10. havent es; came 12. are; have been; has gone13. taught; has taught14. have read; have been reading15. had done; was doing; was about to do 语法填空When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.“Wouldnt it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked.“I suppose it would,” said his mother, without paying him any attention.Christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (buy) him as a gift. “I 4 (make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it.“Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand. “I 8 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people dont like new ideas.答案：1. turned 2. knew 3. had bought 4. will/shall make 5. was not using 6. was finished 7. would like 8. have been working 9. tries 10. has三、完形填空Several years ago, a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even _21_ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival. Despite the diagnosis (诊断), Cousins was _22_ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which _23_ the idea of how body chemistry and health can be _24_ by emotional stress and negative attitudes. The book made Cousins _25_ the possible benefit of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the will to 1ive have positive treatment value?” He decided to _26_ positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would _27_ positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He _28_ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his laugh therapy” program his pain began to _29_ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months time and actually _30_ complete recovery after a few years.21. A. run B. passC. moveD. travel22. A. devotedB. determinedC. planned D. forced23. A. discussedB. explainedC. presentedD. demonstrated24. A. killed B. ruinedC. damagedD. influenced25. A. remind ofB. learn fromC. refer toD. think about26. A. concentrate on B. pick upC. absorb inD. care about27. A. make upB. set about C. put upD. bring about28. A. arrangedB. appointedC. offered D. afforded29. A. escapeB. decreaseC. recoverD. end30. A. received B. sought C. reached D. recognized答案：21-25 CBACD 26-30 ADABC专题十一 动词的语态I、重点难点解析 高考中通常是把时态和语态结合起来考查的。动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态示主语是动作的承受者。如： People speak English all over the world. (the active voice)English is spoken all over the world. (the passive voice)一 动词的被动语态构成一览表（以ask为例）常用被动语态构 成常用被动语态构 成1一般现在时am/is/are asked6过去进行时was/were being asked2一般过去时was/were asked7现在完成时have/has been asked3一般将来时will/shall be asked8过去完成时had been asked4过去将来时should/would be asked9过去将来完成时will/would have beenasked5现在进行时am/is/are being asked10含有情态动词的can/must/may be asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke./ He is often made fun of by his classmates./ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m.据说类动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/reported that, It is generally considered that, It is well known that等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that等结构常以被动形式出现。以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. /The film is worth seeing. /The door wont shut/open. /The play wont act. /The clothes washes well. /The book sells well. /The dish tastes delicious. /Water feels very cold.以下词或短语没有被动态：happen, appear, become, last, cost, occur, lack, fit, mean, join, equal, fail, enter, have, contain, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, consist of, lose heart, keep up with等。二 被动语态和系表结构的区别：1. 被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态； The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态) The cup is broken. (系表结构)2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者只有一般现在时和过去时； My bike is being/will be/was repaired. He is/was interested in his work.3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者； The dress was made by my mother.II、实战演练用所给动词的适当形式填空1. As the years passed, many occasions-birthdays, awards, graduations _ (mark) with Dads flowers.2. Customers are asked to make sure that they _(give) the right change before leaving the shop.3. Great changes _ (take place) in the city, and a lot of factories _ (set up).4. The police found that the house _ (break into) and a lot of things _ (steal).5. The discussion _ (come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.6. The headteacher says that all the preparations for the party _ (complete) by Friday.7. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ (expect) to arrive.8. The careless driver is _ (blame) for the