形容词、副词及其比较级与最高级.docVIP

形容词、副词以及其比较级和最高级形容词表示人和事物的性质，特征或状态，对名词或代词起修饰和描绘作用。1.形容词的用法和位置1）形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等，作定语时一般放在名词前。例如：She has _ _.(短发) （作定语）Paul is_.(高的) （作表语）We must keep our room _. (干净的)（作宾补）2）形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。例如：She has _ _ to tell us. (一些重要的事情)I have _ _ to tell you. (没有有趣的事情)高分突破：1）由and或or连接的形容词短语修饰名词时，要放在名词的后面。例如：All the people, _ _ _will be here tomorrow. (年轻的和老的)2）the+形容词 泛指一类人或物，含复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：The young always _(speak) politely to the old in Korea.3）有些形容词只能作表语，叫表语形容词。不能做定语。如：ill，glad，asleep，afraid，alive，alone等等.I was glad to see you yesterday. () She is a glad girl. ()有时以a开头的表语形容词可作后置定语。例如：He is one of the greatest men _(活着的) in the world.副词表示动作特征或性状，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子。副词在句子中主要用作状语。1. 副词的构成1)大多数副词皆由形容词加-ly构成，如：careful-carefully. 2)以辅音字母+y结尾的，则把-y改成-i，再加ly，如：angry-angrily。3) 如形容词以-e结尾，就去掉e，再加-ly，如true-truly。5）如形容词以-le结尾，就将-e改为y，如：simple-simply。副词分类：1）时间副词，如：often, early, usually, now2）地点副词，如：here, above, outside, below, there3）方式副词，如：hard, fast, badly, well4）程度副词，如：very, quite, much, still, even, almost5）疑问副词，如：how, when, why6）关系副词，如：where, when, why（详见定语从句）2. 副词的用法副词在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。例如：The nurse _ _ the babies _.这个护士仔细地照顾这些小孩。（作状语）Is anybody_? 有人在吗？（作表语）_ _ _ is my teacher. 那儿的那个人是我的老师。（作定语）I _ him _ just now. 我刚才看见他出去了。（作宾补）3. 副词在句子中的位置：1）时间副词和地点副词的位置：表示确定时间的副词和地点的副词，一般放在句尾，如句中同时有地点副词和时间副词，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。表示不确定时间的副词通常放在行为动词前，但要放在be动词，助动词，情态动词后，如：always, usually, often, never, ever, seldom, sometimes, rarely, generally等。2）修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，除enough后置外，一般放在被修饰词的前面。副词在此作状语。如：非常重要 _ _足够好 _ _3）修饰动词的方式副词有以下几种：修饰不及物动词时，该副词要后置，如：sing well修饰及物动词时，可放在被修饰词之前或宾语之后；如宾语较长也可放在动词和宾语之间。如：study English hard, see clearly the words on the blackboard及物动词和副词（如：down, on, off, in, out, up等）组成的动词词组，其宾语是名词，该名词可放在副词之前或之后，如是代词，该代词一定要放在副词前。例如：He _ _ the tree. 他把树砍到了。=He _ _ _ _. 看，灯开着的。把它关掉。Look, the light is on. Please _ _ _. 4）修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后，例如：_ _ _ is my sister.那儿的那个女孩是我妹妹。高分突破：1）一般副词可以由形容词+ly构成，但加ly的不一定都为副词，某些形容词也是带有ly的，如：lovely， friendly， manly(男子气概的，果断的)等。2）hard既可作形容词（硬的、难的），也可以作副词（刻苦地），而hardly只能作副词（几乎不），二者没有任何关系。形容词、副词的比较等级一. 形容词、副词的三个级1.原级即原形. Eg. tall /big /quickly2.比较级-er.“ 较-”或“更-”.Eg. taller/ bigger/ stronger /longer3.最高级-est. “最-”二. 比较级和最高级的构成：1.一般的直接加 -er, -est.E.g. short_ _tall_ _2. 以字母e结尾的加-r, -st.Eg. nice _ _late _ _3.双写末尾辅音字母再加-er, -est.Eg. big_ _ thin_ _hot_ _fat _ _4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i，再加-er, -est.busy_ _heavy_ _5.部分双音节词和所有多音节词则在其前分别加more, most 构成比较级和最高级。tired_ _often_ _(serious /beautiful /quickly /difficult /athletic, outgoing / exciting / interesting/slowly/quickly )friendly _ _/_ _clever _ _/_ _音节的划分:单音节：一个元音音标 + 一个或几个辅音音标，叫单音节。strong red straight white双音节：两个元音音标，叫双音节。tired careful funny healthy多音节：三个或三个以上元音音标，叫多音节。carefully beautiful important6. 特殊变化：good/well_ _ many/much_ _little_ _bad/badly/ill_ _ far_ _ far_ _old _ _ old _ _ 三. 各级的用法：(一). 原级的用法：1)没比较对象或以它为比较基础时，用原级。E.g. Im _(tall).( 没比较对象)Im tall, she is also_(tall). (以I为比较基础 ) 2)原级前常有very, so, too, really, quite(十分), kind of等程度副词修饰. Eg. The elephants are very _(big). (二).比较级1. 两者相比，叫比较级。1) The boy is _(tall) than that boy.2) We study much _(hard) than them. 3) Who is _(funny), Ted or Vince? 4) Your pencils were _(long) than mine.注意：than 是比较级的标志，在比较级前，可加修饰词much, far, (.多) a little, a bit (.一点), some, any (一些), still (更) even更 a lot(得多)Eg. I feel much _(good) now.He cant walk any _(fast). 注意：1)a little既可以修饰原级，又可修饰比较级。2) than后既可以接人称代词宾格，也可以接人称代词主格加助动词, 助动词可以省略。例如：Eg. 1) He runs faster than me.= than I (do). 2) She is taller than me.= than I (am).2.比较结构前后要对称，即比较对象要一致。Eg. 1)My hair is longer than you.(x)My hair is longer than yours=your hair. ()2)The weather in the south is hotter than the north . (x) The weather in the south is hotter than that in the north. ()此时常用that来代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，those/the ones 来代替可数复数.我的头发比她的短。My hair is _ _ _.e.g. 1) The weather in Chongqing in summer is hotter than_ in Beijing.2) The students in our class study harder than_ in their class.3) The number of the students in our class is larger than _ of theirs.3两者(A.B)作是否一样进行比较，常用句型：1)A be as原级 as B =A be the same + n. as B Eg. Tom is as young as Jim. =Tom is _ _ age _ Jim.2)A be not as/so原级 as B = A be less 原级than B= B be比较级 than AEg. Tom isnt as/so tall as Jim. = Tom is _ tall _ Jim = Jim is _ _ Tom. He is less careful than his sister. = His sister is _ _ than him.She is taller than I /me/I am. = Im not as/so tall as she/her/she is. = Im less tall than she/her/she is.注意：asas可用肯定和否定句。not so as只用于否定句。4. Who/Which/What is 比较级, A or B? Eg. Who is _(tall), Tom, Tim or Jim?5.A be the比较级 of the two/twins/parents Eg. Jim is _(tall) of the two boys. Mother is _( old)of my parents. 6. 比较级 and 比较级 (相同词为“越来越-”，不同词为“既-，又-”)，但以加more的词为 more and more + 原级 这种句子常用进行时态.eg. Im growing_ _ _.(越来越高) She is _ _ _ _.(越来越漂亮)7. The+比较级-,the+比较级-的倒装句表示“越.，越.”Eg. _ _ you study, _ _ your English will be. 你越努力，你的英语就越好。If you work harder ,you can learn English better .=The you work ,the _you can learn English.8.两者比较要排除自己Eg. Russia is bigger than any country in the world.(x) Russia is bigger than any other country/ the other countries in the world. ()即：在同一比较范围内时表“比任何人（事物）都”比较级+than+any other+比较名词比较级+than+（all）the other+复数名词比较级+than+any+of the other+复数名词比较级+than+anyone/ anybody/ anything else Nobody/ Nothing else + V.+ 比较级+ thanNo other+ 复数名词+ V.+ 比较级+ thanChangjiang is longer than _ _ river in China.Changjiang is longer than _ _ rivers in China._ _ rivers are longer than Changjiang.Ted is taller than any girl in his class.(不属于同一范畴相比较)注意：当不属于同一范畴, 比较用any + 单数名词。9. A be 倍数 as 原级 as B =A be 倍数-1 比较级 than BEg. My father is twice as old as me. = My father is _ older than me.或A be 倍数 比较级 than B =A be倍数+1 as 原级as B Eg. Father is once older than I. =Father is _ as old as I. My school is four times as large as yours. = My school is _ _ larger than yours. （三）最高级的用法：三者或三者以上进行比较时用最高级.常用in ,of引导出比较的范围.其句型为：A be the 最高级in-/of-Eg. Im _(tall) of us three.Changjiang river is _( long) rive in China .注：in，of的区别用法：of 后跟复数名词，in后跟单数名词表范围.注意：形容词最高级前必须+ the;副词最高级前可不加。Eg. She is _(tall) girl of the five girls. The teacher is _(popular) in our school.She is_ (young) of the three kids. one of + the最高级 + pl.She is one of _(popular) teachers in our class.old elder eldest ( elder eldest 只能作定语。)Eg. My _ brother is _ than me (old).far farther farthest 作距离远1) My home is_( far)than yours.far further furthest 作距离远; 或进一步,深入。Lets discuss the problem _(far.) 形容词副词练习题一用所给词的适当形式填空1. The weather in Chongqing is really _ (hot).2. Mr. Green is a _man. He always helps others. (friendly)3. Kate is a little _ than her sister. (serious)4. I think taking a bus is a lot _ than taking a taxi. (interesting).5. The problem is so _ (difficult). But that one is much _ (difficult).6. The box is too _ for me to carry (heavy).7. The students in Class 1 are _ than the students in Class 2 (many).8. Li Lei works a bit _than the others in his class (hard).9.She is a _student, and she studies_at school. (good)10. I know a _girl, and I know that she sings_(beautiful).11. Peter is a _boy. He opens the door _ (wild).12. She looks _, because she is laughing_(happy).13. The music sounds _ (good).14. I had a _ (quick) breakfast yesterday.15. Liu Xiang runs _ (quick).16. He is _ a hero (real). He is a _ hero. (real).17. Its a very _ question, so Helen answers it _ (easy).18.I feel much _(well)now.19.He is too tired to go any _(far).20.This song is not so _(popular)as that one.21.Which is _(cheap), a sweater or a hat?22.The sweater is very _(expensive).I cant buy it.23.There are _(many) books in this library than in that one.24.I am not so _(tall)as her.25.Mike is more honest and _(athletic)than Tom.26.My father is _(healthy) than my mother.27.My hair is shorter than _.(he)28. Tom drives much _ than John. (careful)29.He is _ (strong) in the class.30.My brother is two years _ than I. (old)31.Which is _ (big) ,the sun,the moon or the earth?二. 单选1. He speaks English_his aunt.A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as2. She writes_than I.A. more careful B. much careful C. much more carefully D. much carefully3. The night was very _, so he had to take off his shoes_A. quiet; quietly B. quite; quickly C. late; quick D. quite; quietly4. How _ the girls are playing!A. happy B. happier C. happyly D. happily5. I got up_today.A. later B. more lately C. lately D. late6. Tom is _ than I am.A. five years older B. older five years C. five year elder D. eldest by five years7. -Which coat is _ on me, the blue one or the black one? - The blue one.A. good B. better C. best D. the best 8. If you want to stay healthy, you should take _ exercise and eat _meat.A. less; less B. less; more C. more; less D. more; fewer9. Things became even _ the next day.A. worse B. bad C. bader D.badly10. We dont have much homework now and our schoolbags are _they used to be.A. as heavy as B. not as heavy as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as11. The ice in the lake is as_ as it was before.A. thin B. thinner C. thinnest D. much thinner12. -Tim, do you think time is money?-Yes, but I think it is_.A. more important than B. very important as C. the same as D. not important as13. That maths problem is _ difficult _ nobody can work it out.A. too; to B. very; that C. so; that D. very; but 14. I saw the film two days _.A. ago B. before C. after D. late 15. Come_quickly. I have something interesting to tell youA. to here B. up to here C. here D. into here 16. Mother said, Tom, youre seventeen, _a child. A. no again B. not longer C. not more D. no longer17. When you do eye-exercise, you must keep your eyes_.A. close B. closes C. closing D. closed18. It is very hot. Please keep the door .A. open B. opening C. opens D. opened19. When we speak to people, we should be .A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possiblyC. as politely as possible D. as politely as possibly20. This book is_ that one, but_ than that one.A. as difficult as; expensive B. as more difficult as; more expensiveC. as difficult as; more expensiveD. more difficult as; as expensive21. I think the story is not so _ as that one.A.interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. most interesting22. It was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.A. even hotter B. more hotterC. much more hot D. much hot23. When we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.A. quite a few B. only a few C. few D. a few quite24. Your room is _ mine.A. twice as large than B. twice as large asC. bigger twice than D. as twice large as25. Maths is more popular than_.A. any other subject B. all the subjects C. any subject D. other subject26. China is larger than _ in Africa.A. any other country B. other countries C. the other country D. any country27. Tom is stronger than _ in his class.A. any other boy B. any boys C. any boy D. other boy28. When spring comes, it gets_.A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter29. _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interestingB. The less; the more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested 30. I like_ one of the two books.A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older31. Which is_country, China or Japan?A. the large B. the larger C. larger D. largest32. Tom is one of _ boys in our class.A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest D. the tall33. Beijing is one of_ in China.A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities34. Do you have _ to tell us?A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything35. -Is Mrs Brown badly ill? -No, _. Only a little cold.A. quite well B. nothing serious C. not worry D. anything serious36. Have you seen _ in the room?A. anyone else B. else anyone C. anyone other D. everyone else37. We have never seen_ interesting films.A. such B. such an C. so D. such a38. My _ brother is three years _ than I.A. elder; elder B. older; oldest C. elder; older D. older; elder39. They were very _ to see each other again.A. pleased B. surprising C. happily D. angrily40. She is very_ the news.A. surprise in B. surprise with C. surprised at D. surprised for41. _ should study hard for their work.A. Young B. The young man C. The young D. The young girl42. The_ boy was taken to the nearest hospital.A. ill B. sick C. good D. clever43. I have worked on the problem, so I am feeling tired and_.A. asleep B. sleepy C. sleeping D. sleep44. He lay on the floor and fell _.A. sleepy B. sleeping C. awake D. asleep45. Who is _ in the next room?A. asleep B. sleep C. sleeping D. sleepy46. Its important _ exercise every morning.A. of you to take B. for you to take C. of you taking D. for you taking 47. The _ you eat, the better your health will be.A. little B. few C. less D. fewer48. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks_.A. more brighter B. more bright C. less bright D. much brighter49. Which is the _, the train station, the bus station or the airport? A. far B. farthest C. father D. more far50. In our city, its _ in July, but it is even _in August.A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter 51. The Changjiang River is one of _ rivers in the world. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest52. The boy is _ young to carry the box. Lets go and help him. A. too B. so C. very D. quite53. The young scientist decided to work _ in the _forest.A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. alone; alone D. lonely; lone54. _ you eat butter, cream and chocolate, _ you will become. A. The more; the thinner B. The less; the fatter C. More; fatter D. The more; the fatter55. Try to make as _ mistakes as possible.A. less B. little C. few D. a few56. Tom does his homework _ LucyA.as carefully as B.so careful as C.as careful as D.so carefully as57. Pass my glasses to me, Jack. I can _ read the words in the newspapers. A. hardly B. really C. rather D. clearly58. You must drive_next time, or there may be another accident.A. more carefully B. carefully C. careful D. more careful59. -_ do you go to the library?- Four times a month.A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How much60. I cant say _ I want to see you again. Its a year since I last saw you.A. how long B. how often C. how much D. how soon61. What about having a picnic here, John? -Good idea! Im feeling _ hungry, too.A. much B. a bit C. not a bit D. a bit of62. Kate said that she didnt feel very _ today.A. well B. good C. nice D. better63. - _ will Jim be back? -In five minutes.A. How long B. How often C. How soon D. How about64. Now China has joined WTO, so I think English is _ useful than before.A. more B. most C. much D. many65. Janes brother didnt work so _ as the others did in his class. A. harder B. hard C. hardest D. hardly66. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much67. Jane is _ than Betty.A. less taller B. less tallest C. less tall D. not as tall 68.This necklace looks _ and sells_. A. well, well B. good, nice C. nice, good D.